scholarly journals Responses of two plant-derived bioinsecticides as protectants of smoke-dried catfish, Clarias gariepinus [Pisces: Clariidae] against hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus (De Geer) [Coleoptera: Dermestidae]

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Toxicities of Vernonia amygdalina and Tithonia diversifolia leaf powders and extracts on larva and adult mortality of Dermestes maculatus on smoke-dried catfish were evaluated in the laboratory. The leaf powders were admixed at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g/100 g of smoked catfish in 500 ml plastic container while plant extracts were tested at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12% concentrations. Results The toxicities of the plant products were concentrations and exposure time dependent. Significant difference (P < 0.05) existed between the toxicity of V. amygdalina and T. diversifolia leaf powders and control. Tithonia diversifolia powder evoked 27.5, 40, 52.7, 60 and 82.5% larval mortalities at the various concentrations after 24 h of exposure of the catfishes to the plant powder. Similarly, V. amygdalina leaf powders caused 20, 30, 42.5, 52.5 and 77.5% larval mortalities at varying concentrations of 24 h intervals of exposure to the plant powder. Tithonia diversifolia powder achieved 100% mortality at 9 g dosage after 96 h of treatment. Similar trend was achieved on the response of both plant leaf extracts as protectants of smoke-dried catfish against hide beetle. Conclusion Tithonia diversifolia powder and extract were more lethal than bitter leaf (V. amygdalina) and could be integrated as smoked fish protectant against hide beetle (D. maculatus).

scholarly journals Effect of smoking, drying and the combination of smoking-drying on the nutritional and sensory attributes of catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
A. O Akinsola ◽  
O. A Idowu ◽  
G.O Akanbi ◽  
M. A Taiwo-Oshin
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Harvesting ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Poor post harvesting technology such as handling, preservation and processing can lead to an unhealthy situation through massive spoilage and waste. This study assessed the effect of smoking, drying and the combination of smoking-drying on the nutritional and sensory attributes of catfish. Six kilograms of average fresh catfish were washed, eviscerated, drained, and divided into four portions of 1.5 kg each. Sample A served as control (fresh fish), while samples B, C, D were dried, smoked, dried and smoked fish respectively. Samples were analyzed using standard methods. The results of proximate analyses of samples showed that the moisture content ranged from 20.1 to 75.0 %, the protein content from 21.7 to 63.0 %, the fat content from 0.5 to 8.6 %, while the crude fibre ranged from 0.0 to 0.04 %. The total ash ranged from 1.1 to 4.9 %, while Carbohydrate (NFE) ranged from 0.1 to 3.5 %. Significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the free fatty acids and pH of sample C compared to other samples. The total plate count ranged from 2.4 to 4.3x10-5 CFU/g. The sensory attributes result showed that sample D was the most preferred and acceptable. The study showed that dried-smoked fish had a better quality and was more preferred for consumption than singly dried or smoked catfish

Effects of pre-treatment with extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Vermonia amygdalina on proximate and organoleptic properties of processed Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
S.A. Ojukannaiye ◽  
L.A. Agbabiaka ◽  
I.I. Adedokun
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Fish Samples

The study evaluated nutritional and organoleptic properties of Clarias gariepinus pre-treated with aqueous leave extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina before processing. Thirty-six (36) C. gariepinus (live weight = 1.2± 0.2kg) samples were procured and processed for the study. Fish samples were divided into three parts of twelve fish each. Each part was grouped into three treatments having four fish in each group using a completely randomized design. Treatment one (T1) had fish immersed in 5% brine without herbal extract (control). In Treatment two (T2), fish were soaked in mixture of 5% brine and 5% O. gratissium (scent leaf) extracts while Treatment three (T3) had fish soaked in mixture of 5% brine and 5% V. amygdalina (bitter leaf) extracts all for 30 minutes. Treated fish samples were smoke-dried using charcoal kiln for 5 hours at temperature of 80 – 90° C. Samples were then cooled under ambient condition (30+3oC) for 4 hours. The smoke-dried fish samples were labeled according to treatments and stored for 7 days under aseptic condition. Organoleptic properties of the samples were conducted at every 24-hour of storage using a 9-point hedonic scale. Mean values of proximate composition of samples were significantly different (p<0.05). Protein content (70.01%) in T3 was higher than 68.31% and 66.62% in T2 and T1 respectively. Similarly, fat (5.12%) and ash (4.68%) levels for T3 were higher than 4.85% and 4.46% fat with 4.36% and 3.98% ash contents for T2 and T1 respectively. Results of mean scores for each organoleptic property decreased significantly (p<0.05) during storage period with no consistent trend in score pattern. Keywords: Clarias gariepinus, extract pretreatment, Ocimum gratissimum, organoleptic, Vernonia amygdalina.

scholarly journals Labroratoryuse of some insecticides and microwave technology in the control of red flour beetle castaneum (Herbst ) (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) Tribolium

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinan Malik Kalaf
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

"The study was carried out to effect of some pesticidesand microwave in red flour beetle in plant protection Department of Agriculture, Basrah University. it was observed that there was a significant difference between the exposure of chemical pesticides and the treatment of control ,as the effect of the larvae death was Deltamethrin pesticide affected the percentage of the destruction of the last larva age and adults stage . The percentage of larval 88.66% compared with the Alpha-cypermethrin and Vapcocidinwere their percentage in which the rate 72.2%and 64.2% respectively. The effect of exposure on the percentage of adult mortality 85.0, 68.8 .53.9% for both Deltamethrin, Alpha-cypermethrin and Vapcocidin respectively. Was superior to the Deltamethrin the mortality rate for larvae and adults 93.53% and 91.5% respectively. The study showed that percentage of mortality of larval and adult increased with increase exposure time and increase intensity of microwave and the highest percentage was at exposure time 20 second, where the mortality rate 100% for the last larva age and adults when the intensity of 800 watts, and did not affect the levels of microwave in the proportion of germination of wheat grain treated as the results of the statistical analysis showed no significant different between treatments and control."

scholarly journals Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fed varying dietary phosphorus levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi ◽  
Chukwuka Doris Queen ◽  
Echor Felix Okaliwe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

One hundred and twenty (120) juveniles of African catfish Clarias gariepinus were obtained in May 2015 from a reputable Fish Farm in Enugu to the University Research Farm (latitude 074o North and 082o South, longitude 068o East and 076o West with annual mean temperature of 30oC). The fish were fed for 49 days from June – July 2015 with diets containing 4 different inclusion levels of phosphorus T1 [0.6% P], T2 [0.8% P], T3 [1.00% P], T4 [1.2% P] and T5 [0% P] which served as control diet, to determine optimum P requirement for fish growth at probability level of P < 0.05 between various treatments and control. Each diet was formulated to contain 40% crude protein composed of yellow maize, soybean cake, palm kernel cake and fish meal. Fish fed with graded levels of phosphorus were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than control in FW and MDWG. There was however no significant difference (P > 0.05) in FCR and PER between T1, T2, T4 and control but T3 was significantly (P < 0.05) better in FCR (0.33) than control (0.39). Similarly, T3 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in PER than control. Fish in T3 had the best growth performance indicative that 1% P is the optimum requirement for the growth of C. gariepinus.Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.4(3): 215-220, December 2017

scholarly journals Bio-efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd) Schumachet. Thonn. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae) against Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) larvae infestation on smoked catfish Claria gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Siluriformes: Clariidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Adeolu Rufus Jose ◽  
Yallappa Rajashekar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Leaf Powder

Studies were conducted under ambient condition to assess the efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd) Schumachet. Thonn. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae) against larvae infestation and adult emergence of Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on smoked dried catfish Claria gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Siluriformes: Clariidae). The leaf powder was admixed at 2.5 g, 3.0 g, 4.0 g and 5.0 g/15 g to disinfected smoke-dried catfish Clarias gariepinus separately in a 125 mL plastic container. Ten newly emerged (0-72 h) larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into each of the plastic containers. Efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum was assessed based on percentage larval mortality, adult emergence reduction and weight loss. Results showed that the plant powder cause significantly (p < 0.05) larval mortality compared to the untreated fish at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post infestation. Percentage reduction of adult emergence was not significant (p > 0.05) in treated fish samples compared to untreated sample. While fish sample protected with powder of Clerodendrum capitatum, exhibit significant (p < 0.05) low weight loss as against weight loss observed in untreated fish. The efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum is inversely proportional to increase in dosage rate. This study clearly demonstrated the larvicidal potential of Clerodendrum capitatum powder in offering effective protection against infestation and damage by D. maculatus and recommended for utilization in integrated post-harvest management strategies of smoke-dried fish.

scholarly journals Performance of Different Biomaterials as Carbon Sources on the Immunological Response and Oxidative Status of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in Biofloc Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omoniyi Michael Popoola ◽  
Oyelade Ayomide Miracle
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

A trial was performed to investigate how carbon sources can affect the welfare status of African catfish (3.8±0.2g and 8±0.11 cm) juveniles in biofloc systems. Inocula was prepared in glass tanks (5L) by adding 20g of pond bottom soil in well aerated water (1L) containing 10mg L-1 ammonium sulphate (NH)4SO4 and 400mg L-1 of four different carbon sources (tapioca, wheat offal, brewery and cassava peel) for 24 hours. Each treatment group (carbon sources and control) were replicated and each tank contained 1000 Clarias gariepinus juvenile, fed with commercial feed (Crude protein 42%) at 5% of their body weight 72 days. The water quality showed that all water parameters remained at concentrations suitable for Clarias gariepinus culture in the studied systems. The enzymes activities were noticed to be different across the biofloc and the selected organs. There were significant differences in serological content in fish between the treatment’s groups (P<0.05). The significant difference was found between the treatments in case of enzymes activity (P<0.05). The study shows that the welfare status with reference to digestive enzymes activity, oxidative status and extent of the immune system stimulation in BFT system is carbon source dependent.

Adverse effects of ivermectin on the dung beetles,Caccobius jessoensisHarold, and rare species,Copris ochusMotschulsky andCopris acutidensMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Japan

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iwasa ◽  
T. Maruo ◽  
M. Ueda ◽  
N. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Antiparasitic Drug ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
And Control

AbstractEffects of the antiparasitic drug, ivermectin, on the dung beetles,Caccobius jessoensisHarold, 1867 and the rare species,Copris ochusMotschulsky, 1860 andCopris acutidensMotschulsky, 1860 were studied in laboratory and field experiments in Hokkaido, Japan. Ivermectin was detected in dung from 1 to 21 or 28 days following treatment, with a peak on the first day after treatment in two pour-on administrations (500 μg kg−1), although there were considerable differences between the two peaks. InC. jessoensis, brood balls constructed by the female were not reduced in the dung of treated cattle except for seven days after treatment in experiment 2. Also, there was no significant difference in the mean weight of brood balls between dung from treated and control cattle. However, the emergence rates were significantly reduced in dung 1–3 days after treatment. In the field study, brood balls constructed byC. jessoensiswere more abundant in dung from treated cattle in experiment 1, but adult emergence was significantly reduced at one and seven days after treatments. Adult mortality ofC. ochusMotschulsky at 90 days after the beginning of rearing was 11.1% in dung from control cattle with 22 brood balls constructed, whereas it was 84% in dung from treated cattle with no brood balls and/or ovipositioning. Also, inC. acutidensMotschulsky, adult mortality at 90 days after the beginning of rearing was 3.6% in dung from control cattle with 13 brood balls constructed, whereas it was 94.1% in dung from treated cattle with no brood balls or ovipositioning. The environmental risk in the use of ivermectin during breeding period of dung beetles in pasture is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Moringa leave Marinade on aflatoxin in fresh and smoked African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
E.O. Oni ◽  
M.C. Adetunji ◽  
D.D. John-Babatunde ◽  
A.M. Omemu
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Aflatoxin Concentration ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
And Control

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of Moringa leaves Marinade (MOM) on aflatoxin contamination of Clarias gariepinus. A total of thirty fresh fish samples (n = 30) grouped into four; Fresh fish without smoking and storage, smoked fish +1% and 2% Moringa oleifera Marinade (MOM) respectively and Control (0% MOM) were subjected to microbiological and HPLC analysis while storing for 0-3 months. Mean CFU/g of 2.8 and 3.1 x 102 CFU/g for bacteria and fungi were recovered, respectively. Furthermore, four bacteria and fungi genera each of which Aspergillus spp. was the most predominant (57%) were recovered from the fishes. Aflatoxin concentration increased progressively in 0% MOM smoked fish as the storage period increased, while aflatoxin concentration reduced in the fishes treated with 2% MOM (p≥0.05). On average, between 1-40% reduction in aflatoxin concentration and increased keeping quality was enhanced with 2% MOM treatment. These findings recommend the possibility of the use of moringa leaves in the treatment of commercially smoked fish.

scholarly journals Insectes ravageurs des poissons fumés au cours du stockage et dégâts occasionnés dans la boucle Nord de la Réserve de Biosphère du Dja (Est-Cameroun)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-538
Author(s):  
Béranger Raoul Tamgno ◽  
Hervé Tekou Ngunte ◽  
Nectaire Lié Nyamsi Tchatcho ◽  
Mama Mouamfon ◽  
Léonard Simon Ngamo Tinkeu
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
The North ◽  
Insectes Ravageurs

Dans de nombreux pays en voie de développement, 80% des captures de poissons sont fumés ou séchés afin de limiter les dégâts. Les insectes constituent un problème récurrent du poisson fumé stocké causant des grandes pertes économiques. Le but de l’étude réalisée dans quatre campements (Djeela, Nemeyong I, Malene I, Ndengué) de la boucle nord de la Réserve de Biosphère du Dja (RBD), était de déterminer la diversité des insectes ravageurs des poissons fumés stockés et leurs dégâts. Dans chaque campement, 25 outils de stockage des poissons fumés ont été inspectés, puis caractérisés et les espèces de poissons fumés identifiées. Lors de cette prospection, des collections de 8 espèces de poissons fumés ont été ramenées et mises en observation au laboratoire. Les insectes émergés des collections ont été dénombrés et identifiés et les dégâts évalués. Il ressort de cette étude que 31 espèces ichtyologiques appartenant à 12 familles sont fumées. Les Cichlidae (35,4%), les Clariidae (20,1%) et les Cyprinidae (10,3%) sont les familles les plus représentées. Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, Clariallabes manyangae sont les espèces les plus fumées. Les claies sont les outils de stockage les plus utilisés (46,66%). Excepté C. gariepinus infesté à 80%, les autres collections sont toutes infestées. Dermestes maculatus, Necrobia rufipes (Coléoptères) et Calliphora sp (Diptères) sont les insectes ravageurs des poissons fumés stockés. D. maculatus est le Coléoptère le plus préjudiciable aux stocks de poissons fumés avec 786 individus (99,49%) et 173,8 g de farine de forage. Les Insectes sont les principaux ravageurs des poissons fumés dans la RBD. C. gariepinus, C. manyangae et M. moorii sont les poissons fumés les plus attaquées. Les claies sont les outils de stockage les plus répandues.Mots clés : poissons fumés, structure de stockage, insectes ravageurs, dégâts, Réserve de Biosphère du Dja. English Title: Insect pests of smoked fishes during storage and damages done in the north loop of the Dja Biosphere Reserve (East-Cameroon) In many developing countries, 80% of fish catches are smoked or dried to limit losses. Insects are a recurring problem of stored smoked fishes causing great economic losses. The purpose of the study carried out in four camps (Djeela, Nemeyong I, Malene I, Ndengué) of the north loop of the Dja Biosphere Reserve (DBR), was to determine the diversity of insect pests of stored smoked fishes and their damages. In each camp, 25 smoked fish storage tools were inspected, then characterized, and the smoked fish species identified. During this survey, collections of 8 species of smoked fishes were brought back and put under observation in the laboratory. The insects emerged from the collections were enumerated and identified and the damage assessed. This study shows that 31 fish species belonging to 12 families are smoked. Cichlids (35.4%), Clariidae (20.1%) and Cyprinidae (10.3%) are the most common families. Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, Clariallabes manyangae are the most smoked species. Racks are the most used storage tools (46.66%). With the exception of C. gariepinus infested at 80%, the other collections are all infested. Dermestes maculatus, Necrobia rufipes (Coleopterans) andCalliphora sp (Dipterans) are the insect pests of the stored smocked fishes. D. maculatus is the more prejudicial Coleopteran to the storage of smoked fishes with 786 individuals (99.49%) and 173.8 g of drilling flour. Insects are the main pests of smocked fishes in the DBR. C. gariepinus, C. manyangae and M. moorii are the most attacked species. Racks are the most common storage tools.Keywords: Smoked fish, storage structure, insect pests, damages, Dja Biosphere Reserve.

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