scholarly journals BIODIVERSITY OF PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING FUNGIISOLATED FROM AGRICULTURAL FIELDS OF MARATHWADA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 799-804
Author(s):  
Parwez Qayum ◽  
◽  
J.D. Shaikh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Solubilizing Activity ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Fungi are the core components of soil microorganisms, accounting for more of the soil biomass than bacteria, depending on soil depth and nutritional requirements. In the current study, phosphate solubilizing fungi were isolated from the soil of Maharashtras Marathwada area, and all fungal isolates were examined for their ability to solubilize phosphate.Only 11 fungal isolates out of a total of 40 were found to have P-solubilizing activity. After 48 hours of incubation, the fungal isolates Aspergillus niger (PQ9), Trichoderma spp (PQ36), and Penicillium spp (PQ19) demonstrated a considerable zone of solubilization with 34, 31 to 30 mm on selective agar medium. The potent phosphate solubilizing fungi were identified in 18SrRNA analysis.The study, therefore, proposed that these fungal species have strong phosphate solubilizing properties and can be used for excellent crop productivity as a biofertilizer.

scholarly journals Screening of efficient phosphate solubilizing fungi from mine soil and effect of phosphofungi on seed germination and vigour index of ground nut (arachis hypogaea L.) and green gram (vigna radiata L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Shanubhoganahalli Thimmappa Lokesh ◽  
Kudure Jayanna Naveen Kumar ◽  
Basaiah Thippeswamy
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Solubilizing Activity

Background: The use of chemical fertilizers to solve the problem of nutrient deficiency in soil has been associated with a number of environmental problems.Objective: The aim of this study was to perform an isolation and screening of native phosphofungi from mine soil. To evaluate the effect of phosphofungi on seed germination and seedling vigour index of Ground nut and Green gram.Materials and Methods: The phosphofungi were screened using Pikovskaya’s agar medium with tricalcium phosphate (Ca3 (PO4)2) as the phosphorus source. The soluble phosphorus, Phosphate solubilizing activity, titrable acidity, pH and fungal biomass were determined. Mineral phosphate solubilizing (MPS) activities of fungal isolates were tested in tricalcium phosphate medium.Results: Five promising phosphate solubilizing fungal species were screened. Aspergillus niger (13±1.0 mm) and Aspergillus flavus (8±0.6mm) showed the more phosphate solubilising index than compared to other fungal isolates. Analyzing the possible phosphorus released, from 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th day of incubation. Antagonistic effect of phosphofungi Aspergillus flavus (65±11 mm) and Aspergillus niger (60±13 mm) showed more effective against Colletotrichum sp. than compared to other fungal isolates. Aspergillus flavus (745±20µg/ml) and Penicillium spinulosum (600±20 µg/ml) showed maximum phosphate solubilizing activity on 3rd and 12th day of incubation. Fusarium redolens showed the more effectiveness on seed germination and seedling vigour than compared to other fungal isolates. Aspergillus flavus showed positive result for the production of Indole 3 acetic acid and remain four fungal strains are negative result.Conclusion: Biofertilizers from native phosphofungi could be used alongside reduced levels of inorganic fertilizers to enhance soil available Phosphorous.

scholarly journals Phenotypes Associated with Pathogenicity: Their Expression in Arctic Fungal Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Laura Perini ◽  
Diana C. Mogrovejo ◽  
Rok Tomazin ◽  
Cene Gostinčar ◽  
Florian H. H. Brill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Related Taxon ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Around 85% of the environments on Earth are permanently or seasonally colder than 5 °C. Among those, the poles constitute unique biomes, which harbor a broad variety of microbial life, including an abundance of fungi. Many fungi have an outstanding ability to withstand extreme conditions and play vital ecosystem roles of decomposers as well as obligate or facultative symbionts of many other organisms. Due to their dispersal capabilities, microorganisms from cryosphere samples can be distributed around the world. Such dispersal involves both species with undefined pathogenicity and potentially pathogenic strains. Here we describe the isolation of fungal species from pristine Arctic locations in Greenland and Svalbard and the testing of the expression of characteristics usually associated with pathogenic species, such as growth at 37 °C, hemolytic ability, and susceptibility to antifungal agents. A total of 320 fungal isolates were obtained, and 24 of the most abundant and representative species were further analyzed. Species known as emerging pathogens, like Aureobasidium melanogenum, Naganishia albida, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, were able to grow at 37 °C, showed beta-hemolytic activity, and were intrinsically resistant to commonly used antifungals such as azoles and echinocandins. Antifungal resistance screening revealed a low susceptibility to voriconazole in N. albida and Penicillium spp. and to fluconazole in Glaciozyma watsonii and Glaciozyma-related taxon.

scholarly journals FUNGAL COMPOSITION AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF POULTRY FEEDS SOLD IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
A. S. Ogbebor ◽  
A. A. Imoni ◽  
O. R. Ohiorenoya
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Poultry farming contributes significantly to poverty alleviation by providing employment opportunities to Nigerians. Feed quality is the most prominent challenge of the poultry sector. This study was aimed at assessing the fungal and proximate qualities of poultry feeds sold in Benin City, Nigeria. Poultry feed samples (starter, grower and finisher) were obtained from five stores in Benin City. Enumeration and isolation of fungi was carried out using the spread plate method on potato dextrose agar and Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus agar (AFPA). Identification of fungal isolates was based on cultural and morphological characteristics.  Proximate composition was determined by standard methods. The total fungal counts of starter, grower and finisher feeds ranged from 0.10 – 8.50 x 105 sfu/g. Fungal species isolated were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Saccharomyces spp., Trichoderma spp., Rhizopus spp. and Mucor spp. The results from proximate analysis were as follows: 36.50±0.92 - 70.92±0.51% (protein), 3.53±0.04 - 8.45±0.16% (fibre), 11.61±0.72 - 13.91±0.27% (fat), 2.70 - 8.60% (moisture content) and 3.65 - 37.83% (carbohydrate). The temperature and relative humidity of storage ranged from 33.90oC - 35.20oC and 69% - 75% respectively. Results showed that poultry feeds sampled have diverse fungi present in them. Control measures should be adhered to in poultry industries and stores to prevent microbial contamination.

Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Ola Hashem ◽  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Rawia Adawy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.

Ophiostomatoid Fungi Associated with Cryphalus Piceae in Shandong province in eastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runlei Chang ◽  
Xiuyu Zhang ◽  
Hongli Si ◽  
Guoyan Zhao ◽  
Xiaowen Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Isolated Species

Abstract Cryphalus piceae parasitizes various economically important conifers. Similar to other bark beetles, C. picea vectors an assortment of fungi and nematodes. Previously, several ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from C. piceae in Poland and Japan. In the present study, we explored the diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with C. piceae infesting pines in the Shandong Province of China. We isolated ophiostomatoid fungi from both galleries and beetles collected from our study sites. These fungal isolates were identified using both molecular and morphological data. Through this study, we recovered 176 isolates of ophiostomatoid fungi representing at least seven species. Ophiostoma ips was the most frequently isolated species. Analyses of molecular and morphological data indicated four of the ophiostomatoid fungal species recovered in this study were previously undescribed. Hereby, we described these species as Ceratocystiopsis yantaiensis sp. nov., C. weihaiensis sp. nov., Graphilbum translucens sp. nov. and Sporothrix villosa sp. nov. A majority of the ophiostomatoid fungi recovered in this study were novel species. This suggests that the forests in China harbour an assortment of undescribed ophiostomatoid fungi yet to be discovered.

Screening and Identification of Laccase Producing Fungi from Environmental Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
A. Bello ◽  
◽  
J. B. Ameh ◽  
D. A. Machido ◽  
A. I. Mohammed-Dabo
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Decaying Wood

Laccases are oxidases with broad substrate specificity and ability to oxidize various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. This study was carried out to isolate and characterizes laccase producing fungi from environment samples. Soil and decaying wood samples were collected from different locations within Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Main campus. Suspensions of the samples (1 g in 10 mL sterile distilled water) were serially diluted, inoculated onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing 0.01% Chloramphenicol and incubated for 7 days at 30oC.The fungal isolates were characterized macroscopically and microscopically with the aid of an atlas. The identified fungal isolates were screened for laccase production by inoculating onto PDA containing 0.02% Guaiacol, 1mM ABTS (2 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 0.5% Tannic acid as indicator compounds and incubated at 250C for 7 days. The laccase producing isolates were confirmed molecularly by ITS rDNA sequence analysis using the FASTA algorithm with the Fungus database from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI).A total of 25 fungal species (11 from soil and 14 from decaying wood samples) were isolated. Two isolates from the soil origin identified as Curvularia lunata SSI7 (Accession No. QIE06317.1) and Fusarium clade VII SSI3 (Accession No. GQ505677) were found to produce laccase where Curvularia lunata SSI7 was able to oxidize all the indicator compounds used for the screening. Fusarium clade VII SSI3 was able to oxidize only 0.5% Tannic acid. Laccase producing Curvularia lunata and Fusarium clade VII were isolated from soil samples collected from ABU Zaria Main Campus. Keywords: laccase, fungi, soil, decaying wood

scholarly journals Fungi associated to bark lesions of Eucalyptus globulus stems in plantations from Uruguay

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Alonso ◽  
Susana Tiscornia ◽  
Acelino Couto Alfenas ◽  
Lina Bettucci
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
West Region ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Trees with stem bark lesions are frequently observed in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations, particularly in the central west region of Uruguay. These lesions constitute a problem for trunk decortications at harvest and they also facilitate the access of fungi that could cause wood decay. Seven, three and oneyear-old plantations, located at three sites in close proximity were selected. Four types of trunk lesions were present in trees regardless the age of plantation and more than one type was found in each plantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the fungal composition associated with these lesions and compare them to healthy tissues and try to find out the origin of these symptoms. Another purpose was to elucidate the real role of the fungi considered pathogens by means of experimental inoculations. Segments from lesions and healthy tissues yielded 897 fungal isolates belonging to 32 taxa, 681 isolates from bark lesions and 216 from healthy tissues. Both healthy and symptomatic tissues showed similar fungal species composition, but with differences in frequencies of colonization. Cytospora eucalypticola Van der Westhuizen, Botryosphaeria spp., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stey. and Penicillium spp. were the dominant species isolated. As symptoms were not reproduced after experimental inoculation with Botryosphaeria ribis Grossenb. & Duggar and B. eucalyptorum Crous, & M.J. Wingf, it could be suggested that these lesions were originated by unfavorable environmental conditions. The frost that occurred for several days out of season and flooding may have been involved in the development of bark lesion.

The Mycobiota of Speck, a Traditional Tyrolean Smoked and Cured Ham

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1399-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
URSULA PEINTNER ◽  
JOHANNES GEIGER ◽  
REINHOLD PÖDER
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Penicillium Canescens ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
South Tyrol ◽  
Cured Meat ◽  
Penicillium Commune ◽  
Penicillium Solitum ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Speck is a ham specialty product traditionally produced in South Tyrol (Italy) and North Tyrol (Austria) by farmers, butcheries, and meat industries. To date, nothing has been learned about fungi associated with this smoked and cured meat. Therefore, it was the main objective of this study to assess the typical mycobiota of Speck in relation to the different production types and the geographic provenance. A total of 121 Speck samples from North Tyrol and South Tyrol was analyzed. From 63 isolated fungal species, only a few can be regarded as typical colonizers: Eurotium rubrum and Penicillium solitum were the dominating species in all types and parts of Speck (crust, meat, and fat). Eight other Penicillium spp. were relatively frequent. The species diversity increased from industrially produced Speck to products from butcheries and farmers, and it was higher in all types of South Tyrolean products. Among the typical mycobiota, Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium canescens, and Penicillium commune are known as potentially mycotoxigenic.

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