scholarly journals Multidimensional scaling for divergence analysis in pepper

Author(s):  
Júlio Carlos Polimeni de Mesquita ◽  
Elizanilda Ramalho do Rêgo ◽  
Angela Maria dos Santos Pessoa ◽  
Anderson Rodrigo da Silva ◽  
João José da Silva Neto ◽  
...  

Pepper plants of the genus Capsicum present wide genetic variability for phenotypical characters. The joint analysis of quantitative and qualitative characters is a more complete indicator to identify the existing variability in populations of plants. This work aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence within F3 populations of Capsicum annuum L. through the multidimensional scaling based on the joint analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. The work was developed in at the Center of Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba, state of Paraíba, Brazil. Eight populations of an F3 generation were employed, performing the characterization of 36 qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with eight treatments and 50 replications. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) was performed based on Gower’s dissimilarity matrixes. Dispersion diagrams were built to present the nMDS solutions in the bidimensional space. The nMDS mapping was efficient on estimating divergence within populations with Kruskal’s Stress below 20%. The internal uniformity presented by populations P-4, P-5, P-6, P-7, and P-8 is an indicator that the genotypes of these populations are suitable to be used in future genetic breeding programs of ornamental peppers. Conversely, populations P-1, P-2, and P-3 presented the greatest dispersion, characterizing phenotypical variability. The multidimensional scaling was efficient to estimate the genetic divergence among and within F3 populations of ornamental pepper

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Alvares Bianchi ◽  
Lígia Renata Almeida da Silva ◽  
Antônio André da Silva Alencar ◽  
Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz Santos ◽  
Samy Pimenta ◽  
...  

Loss of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation become major concerns worldwide, making the conservation process an important strategy for maintaining biodiversity. Capsicum chinense Jacq. is the most Brazilian species of the genus, with representatives in different biomes. Anthropic pressure, such as burns, real estate speculation, and changing cultivation habit has led to risks of genetic erosion. Conservation and characterization of conserved accessions are paramount to ensure genetic diversity, useful for the bioeconomy and for genetic improvement. We report the characterization of 55 C. chinense accessions from four different regions of Brazil and one accession from Peru. The accessions were characterized based on 37 morpho-agronomic variables, Inter Simple Sequence Repeats—ISSR and Simple Sequence Repeat—SSR. Qualitative descriptors were analyzed using a descriptive statistical, while the quantitative descriptors were analyzed via F test and significant differences in mean values were separated using Scott-Knott test. The relative contribution of each quantitative trait was determined. A correlation between morphological and molecular distances was calculated. Color of ripe fruit and fruit shape had the largest number of observed classes. Six distinct groups and the joint analysis presented an entanglement rate of 0.58, evidencing the divergence of accessions between the groups of both dendrograms. Bayesian analysis allowed the distinction of two clusters for SSR. A significant variability was observed among accession with potential to integrate several breeding programs.


2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahid Khan ◽  
Jehan Bakht ◽  
Bilal Muhammad Khan ◽  
Ijaz Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Nazir Uddin ◽  
...  

To support the crop improvement of Physalis ixopcarpa Brot., 16 accessions provided by National Plant Germ Plasm System USDA (USA) and one recently reported accession from Pakistan were characterized for morphometric and genetic diversity. These accessions were evaluated for morphometric and physiological traits. Among these traits, plant height, relative water content, total chlorophyll content, per cent germination and leaf area were found as best for the differentiation among these accessions. These accessions were also screened for genetic differentiation using RAPDs primers. The genetic similarity among accessions was in the range of 0.03 to 0.33. The RAPD data supported the ecological distribution of accessions. It is inferred from molecular typing that accessions PI512005 and PI360740 were the most diverse accessions among the accessions of P. ixocarpa. In this study the genetic data were deviated from morphometric data which might be due to the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of accessions influenced by environmental factors.


2021 ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Каргина ◽  
В.В. Илюхина

Для рентабельности отрасли табаководства необходимо наличие сортимента сортов табака. Почвенно-климатические зоны Крыма пригодны для возделывания как ценного ароматичного, так и скелетного табачного сырья. Целью данной работы являлось изучение созданных гибридных комбинаций табака старших поколений для выявления перспективы их дальнейшего использования. Селекционерами Института «Магарач» создан ряд перспективных сортов и гибридных комбинаций старших поколений - предшественников сортов табака. В данной работе приведены результаты оценки шести гибридных комбинаций старших поколений, а также перспективного сорта Дюбек Предгорный по основным хозяйственно-ценным признакам. Стандартом служили сорта Американ 14, Американ 307 и Дюбек новый. Работа велась на опытном участке, расположенном в Предгорной зоне Крыма, в течение трех лет. В процессе работы проводились фенологические наблюдения, оценка сортов по показателям продуктивности растений, качеству сухого сырья и другим характеристикам. По результатам исследований наиболее перспективной по урожайности и качеству продукции оказалась гибридная комбинация старшего поколения Ароматный × Американ 572, которая может быть рекомендована как новый сорт табака для введения его в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию. Перспективный сорт Дюбек Предгорный подтвердил хорошие показатели качественных и количественных характеристик для сортотипа Дюбек и рекомендуется для возделывания в фермерских хозяйствах Крыма. Проведенные исследования позволяют увеличить сортовой сортимент крымских сортов табака. For profitability of tobacco industry, there must be an assortment of tobacco varieties. The soil and climatic zones of Crimea are suitable for cultivation of both premium aromatic and skeletal tobacco raw materials. The purpose of this work was to study the selected hybrid combinations of older generations of tobacco to identify prospects for their further use. The Institute Magarach breeders have created a number of promising varieties and hybrid combinations of older generations - the predecessor tobacco varieties. This work presents the results of evaluating six hybrid combinations of older generations, as well as the promising variety ‘Djubeck Predgornyi’ by basic economically valuable traits. The varieties ‘American 14’, ‘American 307’ and ‘Djubeck Novyi’ served as the standard. The work was carried out in the experimental plot located in the Piedmont zone of Crimea for three years. During the working process, phenological observations and the assessment of varieties in terms of plant productivity, quality of dry raw materials and other characteristics were carried out. According to the research results, the most promising in terms of cropping capacity and product quality was the hybrid combination of older generation ‘Aromatnyi’ × ‘American 572’, which can be recommended as a new tobacco variety for its introduction into the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use. The promising variety ‘Djubek Predgornyi’ has confirmed good parameters of qualitative and quantitative characteristics for ‘Djubek’ variety, and is recommended for cultivation in Crimean farming. The carried out researches allow increasing the varietal assortment of Crimean tobacco varieties.


2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilene Santos de Lima ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro ◽  
Camila Santana Pereira ◽  
Rogério Faria Vieira ◽  
...  

The purpose of this study was to characterize the genetic variability in 100 genotypes of the Active Germplasm Bank of common bean of the Federal University of Viçosa, by morphological descriptors, classify them in groups of genetic similarity and to identify the degree of relevance of descriptors of genetic divergence. The genotypes were evaluated based on 22 quantitative and qualitative morphological descriptors. The high-yielding genotypes V 7936, Gold Gate, LM 95103904, 1829 S 349 Venezuela, and PF 9029975, CNFC 9454 and Fe 732015, with upright growth, have potential for use as parents in common bean breeding programs. By genetic divergence analysis, the genotypes were clustered in eight groups of genetic dissimilarity. By methods of principal components, 9 of the 22 descriptors were eliminated, for being redundant or little variable, suggesting that 10-20 morphological descriptors can be used in studies of characterization of genetic variation.


2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
GREICIELE FARIAS DA SILVEIRA ◽  
ANA APARECIDA BANDINI ROSSI ◽  
TATIANE LEMOS VARELLA ◽  
MAURECILNE LEMES DA SILVA CARVALHO ◽  
CAROLINA JOANA DA SILVA

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among Passiflora cristalina genotypes and quantify the relative contribution of 30 flower and fruit characteristics, seeking to support the preservation and characterization of genetic resources of the species for preservation and use in future breeding programs. We evaluated 150 fruit and 150 flowers collected in 15 genotypes with naturally occurring in the municipality of Alta Floresta, MT. The characterization of genotypes was performed through 30 morphological characteristics of flowers and fruits, 21 of these for flower and 9 for fruit. Data were evaluated using the principal components and cluster methods obtained by UPGMA method from the similarity matrix (Euclidian mean distance), using the Genes software. By principal component analysis, it has been found that the first three components have absorbed 52.11% of the accumulated variation. The characteristics that most contributed to the discrimination of genotypes were fresh fruit weight, stigma length, length of corona filaments, fruit width, petal width and pulp weight, which are more responsive for the selection of P.cristalina genotypes. Smaller contributions to diversity were obtained from anther width, bract width and fruit length. The smallest contributions for diversity were obtained from the following characteristics: anther width, bract width and fruit length. Through UPGMA clustering method, it was found that there is a large genetic divergence among genotypes analyzed because all genotypes were grouped with over 50% of dissimilarity. This study identified genotypes 4, 5 and 9 as the most divergent and therefore the most suitable for breeding in future breeding programs and genetic conservation of the species.


2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1196-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Christian Sievers ◽  
Jörg Londong

Abstract The knowledge of loads and concentrations is fundamental for the design of graywater treatment units, but the data on the characteristics of graywater and in particular graywater solids are weak. As general design values regarding graywater treatment facilities are not available for Germany, the objective of this article is to elaborate the characteristics of graywater and graywater solids. This paper describes the results of six sampling campaigns carried out on graywater systems in the German cities Berlin, Lübeck and Kiel. All graywater samples were collected proportional to the flow and the graywater solids were gathered separately. The collected data include graywater volumes and characteristics regarding the organic pollution (chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)) and nutrients (total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP)). The graywater volume fluctuated depending on the location. The specific average flow was 68 litre per inhabitant per day (L/inh.d). Inhabitant-specific loads of 49.3 gCODt/inh·d, 28 gBOD5/inh.d, 1 gTNt/inh.d and 0.38 gTPt/inh.d (subscript ‘t’ = total) were found. Information about the composition of graywater solids in terms of quantity and quality is seriously lacking. Therefore, graywater solids were examined with respect to organic matter (COD) and nutrients (TN, TP). The contribution of graywater solids with particle sizes over 200 microns in relation to the total inhabitant-specific load was approximately 3–8% depending on the parameter. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the investigated graywater fractions may serve as a base for the estimation of design values.


2019 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Amal Aithida ◽  
Abdelghani Tahiri ◽  
Youssef Oubassine ◽  
Kalil Cherifi ◽  
Mimoun Mokhtari ◽  
...  

Rosa damascena perfume rose has a considerable place in Morocco. The essential oil, hydrolate (rose water) and dried buds produced in Kalâa Mgouna are intended for export. However, local varieties are not identified. Hence, the objective of our research into the identification of morphological variability by studying 15 qualitative and quantitative characteristics related to leaf, spine and flower at eight localities along the valley of roses. The present study has demonstrated the existence of a great morphological variability within the Kalâa Mgouna’s perfume rose. The characters associated with leaves and spines drive this variability. The PCA analysis identified four morphotypes; the morphotype I whose stems are unarmed, the morphotype II characterized by broad leaves and moderately spiny stems, the morphotype III having stems bearing long spines and whose petals are wider. Finally, the morphotype IV characterized by very thorny stems, leaves of reduced size and whose petals are wider.


Author(s):  
A. Plakhova ◽  
K. Plemyashov

In these studies, a comprehensive assessment of the effect of the drugs «Carofertin» and «Hemobalance» on the reproductive function of oocyte donor cows was carried out. At the same time, the effect of these drugs on the biochemical parameters of blood serum, as well as on the concentration of progesterone, carotene in the experimental groups and the activity of the ovaries in the experimental animals was assessed. An increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the first and third experimental groups was found, which amounted to 128.80 and 104.6 IU / L. There was also a decrease in the concentration of cholesterol in the experimental groups compared with the control. The maximum concentration of carotene was noted in the experimental group No. 1, which were injected with «Carofertin» subcutaneously, and in the experimental group No. 3, which were injected with «Carofertin» and «Hemobalance». The maximum concentration of progesterone was also noted in groups No. 3 and No. 1 and amounted to 21.98±3.03 and 17.01±9.68 nmol / l, respectively. In the course of ultrasound examination of the ovaries in experimental animals, a relationship was noted between the concentration of progesterone and the intensity of the blood supply of the corpus luteum on the ovaries in experimental animals. Subsequently, in one animal from each experimental group, oocytes were aspirated (OPU) twice with an interval of two weeks and their qualitative and quantitative characteristics were assessed. The maximum number of oocytes suitable for use was noted in the experimental group No. 3, which was injected with both study drugs.


2020 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Irina Muntyan

The work model of a nurse includes 14 elements representing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the work. The analysis of these elements allowed us to form and offer work models for senior and rankand-file nurses. These models ensure selection, evaluation and placement of nursing personnel on a uniform methodological basis.


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