scholarly journals Complex treatment of diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses at the present time

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
V. M. Svistushkin ◽  
K. V. Eremeeva
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Pain Symptoms

The search for rational treatment of diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is due to the high incidence among the world's population. Despite the absolutely clear recommendations that would seem to greatly facilitate the choice and scope of therapy, it is extremely important to have a differentiated approach to each patient, depending on age, concomitant pathology, the nature of the course of the disease, the severity of clinical, primarily pain symptoms, and the presence of rhinogenic complications. Differential diagnosis of viral and bacterial acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) allows to avoid unreasonable prescription of antibiotics in the former case and choose therapy in such a way as to help relieve clinical symptoms, timely cure the disease and prevent complications. A systematic review of the literature was conducted with the analysis of scientific research data on the evaluation of the effectiveness of protargol or silver proteinate in the local treatment of upper respiratory tract diseases. A review of studies shows that silver proteinate has astringent, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects. The spectrum of antimicrobial action of silver is much wider than many antibiotics and sulfonamides. At the same time, pathogenic microflora is more sensitive to silver ions than non-pathogenic microflora. The analysis of the works also demonstrates the absence of adverse reactions when using this drug. The obtained data allow us to recommend preparations based on silver proteinate as a complex therapy for acute and chronic diseases of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. The vasoconstrictive effect of protargol allows it to be used as an alternative to decongestants in order to avoid the development of drug-induced rhinitis and tachyphylaxis. Sialor® is a new, convenient, affordable, longer-shelf-life form of silver proteinate.

scholarly journals Sinonasal Leiomyoma: Report of 2 Cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Agarwal ◽  
Ramanuj Bansal ◽  
Deepti Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tumors ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Leiomyomas are benign smooth-muscle tumors that are common in the alimentary tract, uterus, skin, and subcutaneous tissue. They are very uncommon in the upper respiratory tract and rare in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. To the best of our knowledge, only 23 such cases have heretofore been published in the literature. We report 2 new cases of sinonasal leiomyoma that originated at different sites in the nasal cavity. We also discuss the various investigative and therapeutic modalities available.

Acromegaly—the mucosal changes within the nose and paranasal sinuses

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1107-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Skinner ◽  
S. H. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Mucosal Changes ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nose And Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Obstruction ◽  
Very High ◽  
Mucosal Hypertrophy

The presence of upper respiratory tract obstruction in patients with acromegaly has been described. The main sites for obstruction were previously thought to be laryngeal and oropharyngeal. This reviews 65 patients with acromegaly and 27 patients with a prolactinoma treated by trans-ethmoidal hypophysectomy. The results confirmed a very high incidence of polyp formation and mucosal hypertrophy within both the sphenoid (88 per cent) and ethmoidal (62 per cent) sinuses of the acromegalic patients. The histological appearances of the mucosal hypertrophy and polyposis confirmed no specific features attributable to acromegaly. Patient age and serum H.G.H. level do not appear to be significance factors. These findings within the para-nasal sinuses have never previously been reported.

Features of course of year-round allergic rhinitis against the background of respiratory intracellular infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
V. S. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
E. G. Portenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intracellular Infection ◽  
Mucous Discharge ◽  
Upper Respiratory

As it is known, allergic rhinitis is one of the most pressing issues of modern rhinology. At present, special attention is directed to the study of the problem of year-round allergic rhinitis, since in recent years its incidence in economically developed countries has been steadily growing. Often the only complaint of patients is the constant stuffy nose with mucous discharge, so both patients and doctors often underestimate the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease. According to research, year-round allergic rhinitis can contribute to the development of pathology of the nasopharynx, middle ear and auditory tube, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, which often take on a chronic or recurrent form. The treatment proposed in the clinical recommendations, carried out in three main areas, does not always lead to persistent remission of the atopic process. This article covers the course of ENT diseases against the background of respiratory chlamydia and mycoplasmic intracellular infection. The problem of year-round allergic rhinitis associated with respiratory intracellular infection has not been elucidated to date, but the chronization of the process, long uncontrolled course, and the tendency to complications of this pathology of the upper respiratory tract may be related to it.

Changes in the parameters of nasal breathing and parameters of the upper respiratory tract during orthognathic operations in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Gammadaeva ◽  
M.I. Misirkhanova ◽  
A.Yu. Drobyshev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The study analyzed the functional parameters of nasal breathing, linear parameters of the nasal aperture, nasal cavity and nasopharynx, volumetric parameters of the upper airways in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies before and after orthognathic surgery. The respiratory function of the nose was assessed using a rhinomanometric complex. According to rhinoresistometry data, nasal resistance and hydraulic diameter were assessed. According to the data of acoustic rhinometry, the minimum cross-sectional area along the internal valve, the minimum cross-sectional area on the head of the inferior turbinate and nasal septum and related parameters were estimated. According to the CBCT data, the state of the nasal septum, the inferior turbinates, the nasal aperture, the state of the nasal cavity, and the linear values of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) were analyzed. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the classification of the patency of the nasal passages by

Photography and the flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope

1986 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lancer
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pathological Anatomy ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Upper Respiratory

SummaryDocumentation of normal and pathological anatomy is important to all medical practitioners. The ability to visualize and photograph the upper respiratory tract has been revolutionized by the advent of the flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope (FFRL), which demonstrates a one-instrument capability for the examination and photodocumentation of the ears, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, hypopharynx and trachea (Selkin, 1984). If a large natural maxillary ostium, or surgical window, is present, the antrum may also be examined.

scholarly journals Preventive and therapeutic role of nasal irrigation in management of acute respiratory disease during COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
V. M. Svistushkin ◽  
Zh. T. Mokoyan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Nasal Irrigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nasal Saline Irrigation ◽  
Tract Infections

It has long been known, that nasal saline irrigation is a safe and effective method, which is routinely prescribed by otorhinolaryngologists to prevent and to treat a wide range of pathologies. There are a lot of publications on different irrigation techniques and methods. This literature review discusses the key parameters of nasal irrigation, including tonicity, pH, and the additional components, and explains how they affect the effectiveness of the procedure. The vast majority of available publications did not found any possible changes in the effectiveness of solutions with different pH close to neutral meaning. Whereas, the volume of the irrigated solution, increases the efficiency of the irrigation in direct proportion. Thus, the largest distribution area of the solute is noted when washing with a large volume of liquid. Nasal saline irrigation is an effective treatment option for patients with several acute and chronic diseases and for postoperative care after rhinosurgery. Moreover, nasal irrigation might be used as an effective non-specific method for prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Irrigation of the nasal cavity reduces the mucus viscosity and promotes its faster elimination, along with pathogens fixed in it. Additionally, irrigation with isotonic saline solutions increases the hydration of the underlying water base, which enhances the frequency of ciliary beat and reduces the concentration of local inflammatory mediators. COVID-19 pandemic situation due to lack of any specific antiviral drugs dictates the necessity of an effective non-specific preventive option, which could be introduced worldwide. The so-called full volume lavage of the nasal cavity allows for better cleaning of the nasal cavity and effective moisturizing of the mucous membrane. It is the timely cleansing and moisturizing that are most important for maintaining the normal activity of the local protective mechanisms of the upper respiratory tract.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic in children of Сhernivtsi region: clinical features and annual treatment experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
O.K. Кoloskova ◽  
T.M. Bilous ◽  
N.V. Gopko ◽  
M.B. Myroniuk
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Third ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Background. The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been going on for more than a year and is a problem for the health care system worldwide. At the same time, there are few studies on the peculiarities of COVID-19 in children, in particular how clinical symptoms have changed during the year with the change of types of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Objective was to conduct a retrospective generalized analysis of the clinical course, laboratory markers and features of treatment in pediatric cases of ­COVID-19 in Chernivtsi region. Materials and me­thods. Using the retrospective cohort method, 263 clinical cases of ­COVID-19 in children of the Chernivtsi region hospitalized for the period of March 2020 — March 2021 were analyzed. Results. In this work, a dynamic analysis was performed of the clinical features of ­COVID-19 course in the population of children of Chernivtsi region, who were hospitalized during March 2020 — March 2021 at inpatient departments with signs of infection caused by ­SARS-CoV-2. The first group included 65 patients who were treated in the second quarter of 2020, the second group consisted of 90 children who underwent inpatient treatment in the third quarter of 2020, the third group included 87 children who were treated in the fourth quarter of 2020, and the fourth group consisted of 21 children who underwent inpatient treatment in the first quarter of 2021. It was found that the frequency of complaints of malaise was due to infectious-inflammatory, intoxication and catarrhal symptom complexes, although in contrast to the onset of the pandemic, the complaints and signs of intoxication and asthenic syndromes, infectious-inflammatory syndromes, nonspecific neurological symptoms increased with a relatively stable rate of lesions of the upper respiratory tract. In the first quarter of 2021, there was an increase in cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (odds ratio = 6.5) and community-acquired pneumonia (odds ratio = 2.7). Conclusions. A dynamic analysis of the course of COVID-19 in children has demonstrated phenotypic deviations of the disease with torpidity to the prescribed treatment for nonspecific symptoms of disorders of the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract with a decrease in duration and severity of fever, increased incidence of pneumonia (odds ratio = 2.7) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (odds ratio = 6.5).

Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Wysocki
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Equilibrium System ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Loss Of Strength

COVID-19 manifests itself in a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, both in terms of their variety and severity. It can be asymptomatic or abortive, mild, moderate, severe and lightning, as septic with multiple organ failure and shock Typical leading symptoms of COVID-19 are: high fever poorly responding to drugs, severe loss of strength, chest pain, dyspnoea, pain headaches, bone and joint pain and muscle pain, until the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, many publications mention among the possible symptoms also others, not related to the involvement of the lower respiratory tract. These are gastrointestinal disorders, damage to the central and peripheral nervous system, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract and dysfunctions of the sensory organs. The aim of this literature review was to determine the frequency of various head and neck dysfunctions that are part of COVID-19. Symptoms of conjunctivitis, nasal mucosa, pharynx and larynx are reported by about of patients, but they do not always occur at the same time, as in infections caused, for example, by rhinoviruses. Anosmi / hyposmia or ageusia / hypogeusia occur with a similar frequency. Symptoms of damage to the equilibrium system, such as dizziness, are reported by approx. 1/3, vertigo and hearing loss approx. 5-6%, tinnitus approx. 10% of patients. Reports of coexistence with COVID-19 of peripheral paresis of the facial nerve are so far relatively few and often included in the neurological disorders, the frequency of which is also about 1/3 of COVID-19 cases. Importantly, both catarrhal symptoms and the others listed here may precede, co-occur or follow the appearance of the leading symptoms of COVID-19. They can also be the only symptoms of this disease. This should prompt otorhinolaryngologists to be particularly vigilant in this regard

scholarly journals Friend or Foe: Interbacterial Competition in the Nasal Cavity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britney L. Hardy ◽  
D. Scott Merrell
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Competition And Cooperation ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Nasal Microbiota

Like other microbes that live on or in the human body, the bacteria that inhabit the upper respiratory tract, in particular the nasal cavity, have evolved to survive in an environment that presents a number of physical and chemical challenges; these microbes are constantly bombarded with nutritional fluctuations, changes in humidity, the presence of inhaled particulate matter (odorants, allergens), and competition with other microbes. Indeed, only a specialized set of species are able to colonize this niche and successfully contend with the host's immune system and the constant threat from competitors. To this end, bacteria that live in the nasal cavity have evolved a variety of approaches to outcompete contenders for the limited nutrients and space; broadly speaking, these strategies may be considered a type of ‘bacterial warfare’. A greater molecular understanding of bacterial warfare has the potential to reveal new approaches or molecules that can be developed as novel therapeutics. As such, there are many studies within the last decade that have sought to understand the complex polymicrobial interactions that occur in various environments. Herein, we review what is currently known about the age-dependent structure and interbacterial relationships within the nasal microbiota and summarize the molecular mechanisms that are predicted to dictate bacterial warfare in this niche. Though the currently described interactions are complex, in reality we have likely only scratched the surface in terms of a true understanding of the types of interbacterial competition and cooperation that are thought to take place in and on the human body.

scholarly journals Amoxicillin-Clavulanate-Induced Ischaemic Colitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Alonge ◽  
Federica Benini ◽  
Rosanna Cannatelli ◽  
Alessandro Pozzi ◽  
Guido Missale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Condition ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ischaemic Colitis ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Thrombophilia Screening ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Stool Cultures

Ischaemic colitis (IC) is the most frequent form of ischaemia of the digestive tract. Due to the worldwide increasing use of medications, there is a growing interest in drug-induced IC. This study reports a rare case of IC directly due to amoxicillin-clavulanate intake. The objective of the study was to describe the evolution of this novel manifestation. An 18-year-old man, non-smoker, with an insignificant medical history, presented with diarrhoea and cramping abdominal pain that started the day following the end of a 10-day amoxicillin-clavulanate course for recent upper respiratory tract infection. Stool cultures including Clostridium difficile toxin testing were negative. Colonoscopy documented an erosive-ulcerative colitis of the sigmoid and the descending colon. Histological examination of the colon biopsies revealed an IC with focal pseudomembranous areas in the descending-sigmoid colon. Thrombophilia screening tests were negative. The patient was discharged from the hospital without symptoms, and another colonoscopy was performed 3 weeks after the previous one, which documented normal endoscopic and histological findings. Amoxicillin-clavulanate IC is a very rare condition and should be suspected once infectious diseases, vascular/haemodynamic causes and a prothrombotic/hypercoagulable state have been excluded. Immediate discontinuation of the antibiotic leads to rapid disease remission.

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