scholarly journals INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATION OF ALGORITHMS FOR DATA MINING

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Jasmin Malkić ◽  
◽  
Nermin Sarajlić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
To Receive

Interdisciplinary application of data mining is linked with the ability to receive and process the large amounts of data. Although even the first computers could help in executing the tasks that required accuracy and reliability atypical to the human way of information processing, only increasing the speed of computer processors and advances in computer science have introduced the possibility that computers can play a more active role in decision making. Applications of these features are found in medicine, where data mining is used in clinical trials to determine the factors that influence health, and examine the effectiveness of medical treatments. With its ability to detect patterns and similarities within the data, data mining can help determine the statistical significance, pointing to the complex combinations of factors that cause certain effect. Such approach opens the opportunities of deeper analysis than it is the case with reliance solely on statistics.

scholarly journals Failure Analysis in University and Computer Science Contexts With Data Mining

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela De Souza Gomes ◽  
Marcos Henrique Fonseca Ribeiro ◽  
Giovanni Ventorim Comarela ◽  
Gabriel Philippe Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Support Students

High failure rates are a worrying and relevant problem in Brazilian universities. From a data set of student transcripts, we performed a study case for both general and Computer Science contexts, in which Data Mining Techniques were used to find patterns concerning failures. The knowledge acquired can be used for better educational administration and also build intelligent systems to support students’ decision making.

scholarly journals Principles of Decision Making on the Prescription of Medicines. What else Do You Need to Know when Interpreting the Results of Clinical Trials?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Petrovskaya ◽  
Ludmila M. Ogorodova ◽  
Fedor I. Petrovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind Method ◽  
Positive Impression ◽  
Randomised Controlled

What can become the basis for the decision making when prescribing a medicine, choosing one instead of another? Words and their combinations ‘randomised controlled study’, ‘double blind’, ‘meta-analysis’, ‘relevant difference’ have a kind of hypnotic effect on the doctor and often it is enough to make a positive impression and convince of the need to prescribe a medicine. Indeed, randomisation and a double-blind method of enrolling patients are the main ways to avoid systematic errors in research. However, this is not enough to decide what medicine to choose. When analysing the results of clinical trials, it is necessary to know a number of details that are important, sometimes critical, without regard to which it is possible to make false or incorrect conclusions about the efficacy of medicines. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of clinical trials which need to be paid no less attention than randomisation, double-blind method, and statistical significance of the obtained results.

Patient Preferred and Perceived Control in Dental Care Decision Making

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Reissmann ◽  
J.C. Bellows ◽  
J. Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Patients

Introduction: Shared decision making is increasingly considered the most desirable model for making decisions in medical and dental settings. It supports patients by empowering them to play an active role in the decision-making process. However, dental patients’ involvement needs and perceptions have not yet been sufficiently assessed. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess patients’ preferred roles in decision making for a range of dental treatments and whether patients’ preferences are being met. Methods: Based on a cross-sectional study design, dental patients’ autonomy preferences and actual perceived roles were surveyed in the context of existing dental appointments in a consecutive sample of 101 adult dental patients (aged 20 to 79 y). The questionnaire for the assessment of patient preferred and perceived roles in dental decision making consisted of 14 items, each representing a decision in the broad spectrum of preventive and restorative dental treatment planning, and was administered before the dental appointment and immediately afterward. Responses for each item were indicated on an ordinal 5-point scale, which was adapted from the Control Preference Scale. Differences in overall levels of control and responses for each decision were tested for statistical significance per the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Furthermore, a multilevel mixed effects linear regression model was computed. Results: Patients rated their preferred role in decision making more active and involved than their perceived role. This effect was observed and statistically significant ( P < 0.05) for 11 of 14 treatment decisions. Perceived roles (follow-up) matched the preferred roles (baseline) for less than half of patients. None of the sociodemographic characteristics had a substantial statistical effect on whether perceived roles matched the preferred roles. Conclusion: Dental patients’ perceived roles in decision making do not meet their preferences. Dentists should allow and encourage their patients to be more active in decision making. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Since dental patients’ perceived roles in decision making do not meet their preferences, clinicians should encourage and enable their dental patients to fulfill the role in decision making that they prefer. This may help in the future to not only fulfill the right of patients to be informed but also empower them to play an active role in the decision-making process and reduce the risk of decisional conflicts.

scholarly journals Smaller clinical trials for decision making; using p-values could be costly

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Graves ◽  
Adrian G. Barnett ◽  
Edward Burn ◽  
David Cook
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Good Investment

Background: Clinical trials might be larger than needed because arbitrary high levels of statistical confidence are sought in the results. Traditional sample size calculations ignore the marginal value of the information collected for decision making. The statistical hypothesis testing objective is misaligned with the goal of generating information necessary for decision-making. The aim of the present study was to show that a clinical trial designed to test a prior hypothesis against an arbitrary threshold of confidence may recruit too many participants, wasting scarce research dollars and exposing participants to research unnecessarily. Methods: We used data from a recent RCT powered for traditional rules of statistical significance. The data were also used for an economic analysis to show the intervention led to cost savings and improved health outcomes. Adoption represented a good investment for decision-makers. We examined the effect of reducing the trial’s sample size on the results of the statistical hypothesis-testing analysis and the conclusions that would be drawn by decision-makers reading the economic analysis. Results: As the sample size reduced it became more likely that the null hypothesis of no difference in the primary outcome between groups would fail to be rejected. For decision-makers reading the economic analysis, reducing the sample size had little effect on the conclusion about whether to adopt the intervention. There was always high probability the intervention reduced costs and improved health. Conclusions: Decision makers managing health services are largely invariant to the sample size of the primary trial and the arbitrary p-value of 0.05. If the goal is to make a good decision about whether the intervention should be adopted widely, then that could have been achieved with a much smaller trial. It is plausible that hundreds of millions of research dollars are wasted each year recruiting more participants than required for RCTs.

scholarly journals Effects of Perioperative Rosuvastatin for Postoperative Delirium After Elderly General Anesthesia Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqin Xu ◽  
Jingzhi Luo ◽  
Xiaoyu Li ◽  
Haiqin Tang ◽  
Weihong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Postoperative Delirium ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background: Experimental evidence has indicated the benefits of statins for the treatment of postoperative delirium. Previously clinical trials had no definite conclusions of statins on delirium. Some clinical trials indicated statins can reduce postoperative delirium and improve outcome, while some studies showed negative results. Therefore, the present study tries to evaluate whether perioperative rosuvastatin treatment could reduce the incidence of delirium and improve clinical outcomes. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial in a single-center in Jiangsu, China. This study enrolled patients aged more than 60 years old who present selective general anesthesia operation, with informed consent. A computer-generated randomization sequence (in a 1:1 ratio) was used to randomly assign patients to receive either rosuvastatin (40 mg/day) or placebos. Participants, care providers, and investigators were all masked to group assignment. The primary endpoint was the incidence of delirium, assessed twice daily with the Confusion Assessment Method during the first 7 postoperative days. Analyses were performed by intention-to-treat and safety populations. Results: Between Jan 1, 2017, and Jan 1, 2020, 3512 patients were assessed. A total of 821 were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo (n=411) or rosuvastatin (n=410). The incidence of postoperative delirium was significantly lower in the rosuvastatin group (23 [5.6%] of 410 patients) than the placebo group (42 [13.5%] of 411 patients (OR=0.522, 95% CI 0.308-0.885; p<0.05). No significant difference on 30-day all-cause mortality (6.1% vs 8.7 %, OR 0.67, P=0.147, 95% CI 0.39–1.2) between two groups. Rosuvastatin can decrease the hospitalization time (13.8±2.5 vs 14.2±2.8, P=0.03) and hospitalization expenses (9.3±2.5 vs 9.8±2.9, P=0.007). No statistical significance between the two groups on abnormal liver enzymes (9.0% vs 7.1%, P=0.30, OR=1.307, 95% CI 0.787-2.169) and rhabdomyolysis (0.73% vs 0.24%, P=0.37, OR=3.020, 95% CI 0.31-29.2. Conclusion: The current study suggests that perioperative rosuvastatin treatment can reduce the incidence of delirium after elective general anesthesia operation. However, no evidence was found that rosuvastatin can improve clinical outcomes. The therapy was safe. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the potential usefulness of dexmedetomidine in older patients. Trial registration: chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR-IPR-17011984(Registered date: 13/07/2017). The manuscript adheres to CONSORT guidelines.

Continuing education curriculums and outcomes on progressive metastatic colorectal cancer treatment.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
Kinjal Parikh ◽  
Davecia Ragoonath Cameron ◽  
Pan Chen ◽  
Brittany Cain ◽  
Ann Carothers
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
P Value ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
To Receive

137 Background: The treatment armamentarium for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has expanded significantly and treatment options for progressive disease remain limited. As data from clinical trials or subgroup analyses become available, landmark trials are published, and guideline recommendations or clinical utility of these therapies change, continuing medical education (CME) for oncologists is necessary to ensure that eligible patients continue to receive effective therapies. Methods: A series of 7 activities launched from 2016-2020 to reach a global oncology audience in the care of patients with mCRC. The educational activities included multi-modality approaches with didactics, cases, simulations, and panel discussions. Educational effectiveness was assessed with repeated paired pre/post assessment where learners served as their own controls to measure changes in knowledge, competence, confidence, and performance. Oncologists who completed both the pre- and post-CME questions or who made relevant clinical decisions in the simulation activity were included in analysis and McNemar’s tests were conducted to assess statistical significance of the results with p < .05 being considered significant. The first activity launched on 6/8/2016 and the data reported were collected through 7/20/20. Results: As of 7/20/2020, 59,595 learners participated in the activities, including 18,634 total physician learners with 5,862 oncologists. Significant improvements in knowledge, competence, and confidence among oncologists, measured as relative % changes in correct responses or confidence from pre- to post-CME, were seen (n=60-214) [% pre, % post, p value]: 11%: knowledge regarding therapies for progressive disease in mCRC (83; 92; p < .05); 17%: knowledge of clinical trials assessing impact of patient/disease specific aspects on treatment selection (63; 74; p < .001); 11%: competence selecting therapy (55; 61; p < .05); 41%: confidence selecting therapy (34; 48; p < .001); 24%: confidence addressing communication barriers in mCRC (50; 62; p < .01). Significant improvement in performance of oncologists, measured as absolute % changes in pre- to post-CME correct responses were seen (n = 46) [% pre, % post, p value]: 28%: starting preferred treatment options (24; 52; p < .01); 18%: prescribing regorafenib (24; 43; p < .01); 9%: prescribing trifluridine + tipiracil (0; 9; p < .05). Conclusions: This series of online, expert-led, CME-certified educational activities resulted in significant improvement in knowledge, competence, confidence, and performance among learners regarding the management of patients with progressive metastatic colorectal cancer over time. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of on-demand education as new data emerge and indications expand to reinforce existing knowledge, close persistent gaps, and increase confidence in managing these patients.

scholarly journals DATA MINING (KLASTERISASI) PERBANDINGAN MAHASISWA YANG MENDAFTAR TERHADAP MAHASISWA YANG DITERIMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Walhidayat Walhidayat ◽  
Mariza Devega ◽  
Susi Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
A Company ◽  
Support Decision Making

The problem with data owned by a company or agency is data as a benchmark for basic information. However, these data are generally in a developing country or companies that have not utilized the sophisticated structure of information systems in the current era still see the data as a part of a process, which results in the data being used separately as a container of information to support decision making. . There is a need for a special study conducted by the research team to look at this problem subjectively, namely by sorting out the identification of data sources into useful information for leaders or officials. There are several methods that can be used to mine data (data mining), including: Classification, Clustering, Association and various appropriate methods can be used. The results of data mining can be information that can be easily understood by policy makers in an institution, especially leaders at the Faculty of Computer Science.

scholarly journals Big Data Mining and Decision Analysis Research on Personalized Ser-vice of Gansu Library

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
li'e Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Big Data Mining ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Important Position ◽  
To Receive

At this stage, with the development of Internet technology, big data has occupied a very important position in people's production and life. The library, as a modern information system, has begun to receive high attention from all walks of life. In this paper, first of all, the challenges and individual needs of Gansu Library under big data are analyzed. Secondly, it combs the structure and process of Gansu Library. Finally, it studies the personalized application of big data mining and decision-making in the library.

Older adults’ preferred and perceived roles in decision making about palliative chemotherapy: Their decision priorities, and information preferences.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11546-11546
Author(s):  
Erin Moth ◽  
Belinda Emma Kiely ◽  
Andrew James Martin ◽  
Vasi Naganathan ◽  
Stephen A. Della-Fiorentina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Palliative Chemotherapy ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Incurable Cancer ◽  
Information Preferences ◽  
To Receive

11546 Background: We sought older adults’ preferred and perceived roles in decision-making about palliative chemotherapy; their decision-making priorities; and information received and desired. Methods: Patients aged ≥65 years with incurable cancer who had discussed palliative chemotherapy with an oncologist and made a decision about whether or not to receive palliative chemotherapy were invited to complete a written questionnaire. Preferred and perceived decision-making roles were assessed by the Control Preferences Scale (CPS). Associations with preferred decision-making role were examined using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Factors important in making a decision about chemotherapy, and receipt of and desire for information were described. Results: The 179 respondents had a median age of 74 years (range 65 to 92 years). Most were male (114, 64%) and had chosen to receive chemotherapy (148, 83%). Half (92, 52%) were vulnerable by the Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (score ≥3). Preferred decision-making roles (n = 173) were active in 39%, collaborative in 27%, and passive in 35%. Perceived decision-making roles (n = 172) were active in 42%, collaborative in 22%, and passive in 36%, and matched the preferred role for 63% of patients. Preference for an active role was associated with being single/widowed (p = 0.004, OR 1.49) and declining chemotherapy (p = 0.02, OR 2). Factors ranked most important when making a decision about chemotherapy (n = 159) were “doing everything possible” (30%), “my doctor’s recommendation” (26%), “my quality of life” (20%), and “living longer” (15%). A minority expected chemotherapy to cure their cancer (14%). Most had discussed expectations of cure (70%), side effects (88%) and benefits (82%) of chemotherapy, though fewer had received quantitative prognostic information (49%) than desired this (67%). Conclusions: Older adults showed varied preferences for involvement in decision-making about palliative chemotherapy, and most played the role that they preferred. To facilitate shared decision-making, oncologists should seek patients’ decision-making preferences, priorities and information needs when discussing palliative chemotherapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document