scholarly journals Titik Temu Pemikiran Mahmoud Mohamed Thaha dan Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Tholkhatul Khoir
Keyword(s):  
Public Reason ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Collective Goals

Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na'im is deeply influenced by the Islamic Reform Movement in Sudan pioneered by Mahmoud Mohamed Taha. Together with other Taha supporters, an-Na'im formed a sociopolitical community that became famous for Tahaism. This article wants to show how the relationship of the two minds is so close and how Islamic legal thought of an-Na'im is partially influenced by Taha. In terms of historical research methodology, it can be said that Taha is a history of idea for an-Na'im. This is because the thought of an-Na'im turns out to be the same as Taha in terms of the importance of the naskh, and differs in worship, mysticism, socialism, and public reason. Moreover, the underlying power of the theorem an-Na'im is not merely an individual, not of individual processes aware of its importance in the flow of thought, but rather of the collective goals of a group that underlie individual thought. Most of his thoughts cannot be properly understood as long as their relation to life or to the social implications of human life are not taken into account.<br />---<br /><br />Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na‘im sangat terpengaruh oleh Gerakan Reformasi Islam di Sudan yang dipelopori oleh Mahmoud Mohamed Taha. Bersama sama dengan para pendukung Taha lainnya, an-Na‘im membentuk sebuah komunitas sosial politik yang kemudian terkenal dengan Tahaisme. Artikel ini ingin menunjukkan betapa hubungan pemikiran keduanya sangat dekat dan betapa pemikiran hukum Islam an-Na‘im sebagiannya dipengaruhi oleh Taha. Dalam istilah metodologi penelitian sejarah, dapat dikatakan bahwa Taha adalah history of idea bagi an-Na‘im. Hal ini karena pemikiran an-Na‘im ternyata sama dengan Taha dalam hal pentingnya naskh, dan berbeda dalam hal ibadah, tasawwuf, sosialisme, dan public reason. Selain itu, kekuatan yang mendasari sikap teoritis an-Na‘im bukan semata merupakan sesuatu yang individual semata, yakni tidak berasal dari proses individu menyadari kepentingannya dalam arus pemikiran, akan tetapi lebih berasal dari tujuan-tujuan kolektif suatu kelompok yang mendasari pemikiran individu. Sebagian besar pemikirannya tidak dapat dimengerti secara tepat selama kaitannya dengan kehidupan atau dengan implikasi sosial kehidupan manusia tidak diperhitungkan.

John Dewey’s Debt to William James

2018 ◽  
pp. 614-628
Author(s):  
James Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
William James ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pragmatic Account ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the relationship of William James (1842–1910) and John Dewey (1859–1952). In particular, it attempts to tease out the ways in which Dewey’s thought drew upon ideas presented earlier by James. Among the Jamesian themes that appear in Dewey’s work are Dewey’s melioristic, pragmatic account of social practice; his emphasis upon the importance of habits in organized human life; his presentation of the role of philosophy as a means of improving daily life; his recognition of the social nature of the self; and his call for a rejection of religious traditions and institutions in favor of an emphasis upon religious experience. Clarifying Dewey’s relationship with James should in no way lessen the value of Dewey’s thought. Rather, it makes clearer the continuities that existed between these two pragmatic thinkers.

Ethics Committees and Consultation in Mental Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don C. Postema
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Spiritual Beliefs ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the role of ethics committees in providing ethics consultations, ethics education, and ethics-related policies is the context for exploring the relationship of ethics, psychiatry, and religious and spiritual beliefs. After a brief history of biomedical ethics in the United States since the mid-20th century, this chapter presents several case studies that exemplify frequently encountered tensions in these relationships. The central contention is that respecting these beliefs is not equivalent to acquiescing to ethical claims based on them. Rigorous critical reflection and psychiatric insight, coupled with the values embedded in the social practices of healthcare, provide the grounds for evaluating the weight and bearing of religious and spiritual beliefs in ethically complex cases. This is one contribution that ethics committees can make at the intersection of psychiatry and religion.

scholarly journals RELATIONS BETWEEN MOSQUE AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Anna Triayudha ◽  
Rateh Ninik Pramitasary ◽  
Hermansyah Akbar Anas ◽  
Choirul Mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Role And Function

The growth and development of Islamic Education is inseparable from the growth of institutions. The Prophet made it happen by establishing institutions that had a role in developing and advancing Islamic education, one of which was a mosque. Research on the relationship of mosques with the social history of Islamic education is discussed by using descriptive qualitative methods that are oriented to literature review. This paper shows that in the early period of Islamic education, the Prophet provided exemplary by building and empowering mosques. The example of the Prophet continued with the Caliphs afterwards until the present era. The mosque was built by the Prophet from the Al Haram mosque located in Makkah, Quba Mosque located in Quba, Nabawi mosque located in Medina and so on. The role and function of the mosque at that time was as a place of prayer, a place of prayer, a place for discussion or deliberation, a meeting place to develop a war strategy and others related to the problems and needs of Muslims. From time to time, the role or function of the mosque has changed slightly. In essence, mosques are currently influencing the development of the social history of Islamic education in Indonesia.

scholarly journals RELASI MITOS, DAN AGAMA SEBAGAI MEDIA PENINGKATAN EKONOMI PRODUKTIF DALAM TRADISI “TEBOKAN” DI DESA KALIPUTU KOTA KUDUS

INFERENSI ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Saifuddin Saifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Behaviors ◽  
Clifford Geertz ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

“Tebokan” was the history of jenang production processes that was visualizedon cultural carnival. It was one of the place where the relationship of religious traditions and the myth of local society became a new spirit to increase the economy of the community. This research was based on interpretative perspective to religious behaviors such as done by Clifford Geertz. Therefore this research used qualitative method. This study found the cultural illustrations where the relationship of myth, religious tradition, and the social structure was able to activate spirit of productivity in the Kaliputu Society as a central of jenang Production in Kudus. Both of these systems of meaning were able to present three important spirits, those areinnovative, identity affirmation, and work ethic. 

Food, Mobility, and World History

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna R. Gabaccia
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
World History ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Food Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

To determine how scholars have tackled the study of food as part of world histories, this article reviews research connecting the history of food with that of human mobility. It explores how and under what circumstances food practices "spread" or "diffuse" among human societies. It asserts that the study of food is becoming a more central theme in world history due to recent interest in mapping the links among the culturally distinct societies of the six continents over the course of human life on earth. Such histories offer a glimpse into the relationship of the general and particular in culinary culture. World histories indicate that trade, human migrations, and media are the mechanisms that allow particular foods, food practices, food technologies, and food knowledge to travel across space and time, and cultural boundaries to become general.

Natura în romanul românesc (1845-1947)

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Alex Ciorogar ◽  
Jessica Brenda Codină ◽  
Alex Văsieș ◽  
Vlad Pojoga ◽  
Ștefan Baghiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interactive Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A post-anthropocentric epistemological assemblage becomes indispensable in the investigation of the ecology of the Romanian novel. We examine the interactive relationship of various dynamic systems, such as 1) the evolution of the Romanian novel, 2) the modes of representation of the environment, and 3) the social-political history of the autochthonous space. Using a wide range of methodological perspectives, this paper also examines the relationship between literature and the Earth sciences, thus envisioning a new type of literary history where the Romanian novel should be thought as existing within hyper-objects, such as the climate, agriculture, wilderness, pollution, biosphere, cultural politics, capitalism, or geology. The article finally addresses the issue of zoopoetics both as an object of study in the MDRR digital archive (1845-1947) and as a reading strategy, thus, favoring the relationship between animality and narrativity.

Problems in the Relationship of Communication and Economic History

1960 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Easterbrook
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Break ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Present interest in communication research in the social and physical sciences raises some interesting and difficult questions for the economic historian. Arthur Cole, who claims that he is merely trying to carry further the work of Harold Innis and others at Toronto, but who is surely the moving spirit in this session, has suggested that we might begin by pin-pointing a few leading questions for examination. Is this comparatively recent development to be regarded as merely a passing phase in the history of fashions in thought? Is the process of relating communication to economic change mainly a process of sophistication and is there anything to argue about in this relationship? Or, on the other hand, does it in fact amount to a major break-through in scientific and historical analysis, something comparable to the impact made on economics about a century ago by the Austrian School?

scholarly journals SEJARAH MASYARAKAT NELAYAN SUKU BUGIS DI DESA POLEWALI, KECAMATAN LAINEA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN (1950-2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ibrahim ◽  
Dade Prat Untarti ◽  
Dade Prat Untarti
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRAK: Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Bagaimana sejarah kedatangan orang Bugis di Desa Polewali Kecamatan Lainea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan? (2) Bagaimana kondisi sosial ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat nelayan suku Bugis di Desa Polewali Kecamatan Lainea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan (1950-2017)? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah yang dikemukakan oleh Helius Syamsuddin bahwa tata kerja penelitian sejarah terdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu: (1) Pengumpulan Data (Heuristik) (2) Kritik Sumber (Verifikasi) (3) Penulisan Sejarah (Historiografi). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Awal kedatangan orang Bugis di Desa Polewali untuk mengamankan diri  karena pada saat itu mereka dikira mata-mata dari tentara Jepang jadi mereka meninggalkan daerah asal mereka yaitu Bone Sulawesi Selatan dan kemudian mereka menuju di Desa Polewali. Hal yang mendorong mereka tinggal di Polewali karena kondisi laut yang bagus. Pada tahun 1950 pertama sekali orang Bugis berlabuh di Desa Polewali  Nama Desa Polewali berasal dari bahasa Bugis yang terdiri dari kata “pole” dan “wali”, pole artinya datang dan wali artinya empat penjuru, polewali berarti datang dari empat penjuru. Orang  Bugis  banyak yang menjadi nelayan di Desa Polewali karena Desa Polewali berada di pinggir laut dan mempunyai potensi laut yang bisa menunjang pendapatan nelayan. (2)  Kondisi kehidupan masyarakat Desa Polewali sejak tahun 1950-2017 dapat dilihat dari; (a) Kondisi  sosial dalam masyarakat yang dapat dilihat dari interaksi sosialnya. Interaksi sosial yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah hubungan sosial antara sesama masyarakat nelayan suku Bugis dengan orang lain, baik menyangkut hubungan kerjasama dan persaingan. Dalam menangkap ikan dan memasarkan hasil tangkapan. (b) Kondisi ekonomi masyarakat nelayan suku Bugis di Desa Polewali (c) Kondisi budaya merupakan salah satu bagian  terpenting  dalam kehidupan masyarakat nelayan yang digunakan sebagai tata aturan yang mengatur pola perilaku setiap anggota-anggota dalam kehidupan masyarakat Desa PolewaliKata Kunci: Sejarah, Kondisi Sosial EkonomiABSTRACT: The main problems in this study are: (1) What is the history of the arrival of the Bugis in the Polewali Village of Lainea Subdistrict, Konawe Selatan District? (2) What are the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the Bugis fishing community in Polewali Village, Lainea Subdistrict, Konawe Selatan Regency (1950-2017)? The method used in this study is the historical research method proposed by Helius Syamsuddin that the work of historical research consists of three stages, namely: (1) Data Collection (Heuristics) (2) Source Criticism (Verification) (3) Historical Writing (Historiography) . The results of this study indicate that: (1) The initial arrival of the Bugis in the Polewali Village to secure themselves because at that time they were thought to be spies from the Japanese army so they left their home region of Bone South Sulawesi and then they headed to Polewali Village. The thing that pushed them to stay in Polewali was because of the good sea conditions. In 1950 the Bugis first anchored in the Polewali Village The name Polewali Village came from the Bugis language which consisted of the words "pole" and "guardian", pole meant to come and guardian meant four directions, polewali meant to come from four directions. Many Bugis people become fishermen in Polewali Village because Polewali Village is located on the seafront and has sea potential that can support the income of fishermen. (2) The living conditions of the people of Polewali Village since 1950-2017 can be seen from; (a) Social conditions in society which can be seen from social interactions. The social interaction referred to in this study is the social relationship between fellow Bugis fishing communities with other people, both concerning the relationship of cooperation and competition. In catching fish and marketing the catch. (b) Economic conditions of the Bugis fishing community in Polewali Village (c) Cultural conditions are one of the most important parts of the fishing community's life which are used as rules governing the behavior patterns of each member in the Polewali Village community life. Keywords: History, Socio-Economic Conditions

SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF TAMBOV EPARCHY MONASTERIES IN THE LATE 18th – 19th CENTURIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Maksim Sergeevich VOLKOV
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relevance is determined by the growing interest to the problem of the functioning of Orthodox monasteries of Tambov Eparchy in the Synodal period. In this regard one of the main tasks is to try to understand the particular aspects of the internal structure of monastic life. Such a goal can be achieved only as a result of detailed consideration and analysis of the social and quantitative composition of the monastery population. Monks were the main guardians of the way of life, culture, and history of their monasteries. The principles of the relationship of different social groups within a single community, the level of their literacy and age often determine the direction of development and the main types of both internal and external activities of monasteries. The main documents are considered in the research, the main of which are “Vedomosti about the Abbot and Monastics” for various years. In such reports, various information was provided about monastics, novices and monastic workers. They managed to extract detailed statistical and demographic information, as well as analyze the social composition of the main Orthodox monasteries of the eparchy at certain periods. It was also possible to establish the average age of entering the monastery, the period of testing, the main occupation of the population, which largely depended on their social status in the world and on the level of education.

scholarly journals Socrates – his philosophy and dialogical method

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ancient Philosopher ◽  
At Will

In this article I look at the life of Socrates and his philosophy for a bit. Putting spiritual values to the forefront, Socrates considered their creation as the main goal of human life. And since, according to Socrates, spiritual blessings are not transmitted in finished form from one person to another, but are revealed and acquired in the search, in the study of oneself and others, in “taking care of the soul”, so far the rejection of such a search is tantamount to the rejection of life. . According to Socrates, dialogue and the dialectic (question-answer) method of defining concepts are necessary conditions for a joint search for truth. The Socratic Dialogue and Dialectic method assumes the freedom of a person and is based on the democratic idea that man is a responsible being, capable of knowing the truth and making decisions at his own peril and risk. Through the "test" of irony, Socrates exposed the unjustified claims of omniscience and infallibility, overthrowing all imaginary, pseudo-serious and all sorts of false authorities. Socratic irony is a search for true and positive, a call for a truly serious and significant, for their constant ordeal. Socrates proclaimed: virtue is knowledge. But not all knowledge in general, but only good and evil, knowledge that leads to right, virtuous deeds. On this basis, he came to the conclusion that no one is angry at will, but only out of ignorance. The ethical paradoxes of Socrates marked the beginning of the ongoing and to this day controversy about the relationship of knowledge and virtue. The idea of Socrates about self-knowledge, popular in the period of antiquity, often became the leading idea at the turning points of history and significantly changed the way people thought. Socrates, who spoke of the impossibility of final knowledge about something (“I know that I do not know anything”), was equally known as the fact that a person is able to acquire knowledge and multiply it, as well as that knowledge and “art” by themselves - great power. However, he was convinced that this power could be used both for the good and to the detriment of man. According to his teaching, if a person did not make the question of self-knowledge, the alternative to good and evil, while consciously preferring good, any other knowledge — for all their usefulness — would not make a person happy if he did not make his main issue. Moreover, they can make him miserable. It is not surprising, therefore, that Socrates' doctrine of self-knowledge is in close connection with the discussions that have been conducted lately not only in philosophical and scientific circles, but also among wide circles of intelligentsia both in our country and around the world around the problems of “man - science - technology, "science - ethics - humanism". The themes of these discussions echo the Socratic understanding of the task of philosophy and the value of knowledge in general. These discussions and discussions are often accompanied by direct and indirect references to the teachings and personality of Socrates. And this is not by chance: polls, over which the ancient philosopher fought, did not lose relevance, which is why Socrates was and remains one of the eternal “companions” of humanity. Thus, the philosophy of Socrates not only made a great impression on his contemporaries and students, but also had a noticeable influence on the entire subsequent history of philosophical and political thought.

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