scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variations of precipitation during 1979–2015 in Jinan City, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Chang ◽  
Zongxue Xu ◽  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Sulin Song
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Plain Area ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
Jinan City ◽  
Northern Plain

Abstract The spatiotemporal variation of precipitation significantly affects regional hydrological processes and the management of water resources worldwide, indirectly contributing to an aggravation in the frequency and intensity of extreme events, especially in urban areas. To analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of precipitation during 1979–2015 in Jinan City, the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset and 12 precipitation-related indices are adopted and analyzed by using Mann–Kendall trend test, Sen's slope estimator and Pettitt test in this study. The results show that: (1) the annual mean precipitation (AMP) shows a gradual increasing trend from the northern plain area to the southern mountainous area; (2) the heaviest summer precipitation occurs in the southern part of downtown with a high frequency, resulting in the drastic amplification of urban rainstorm flood disasters; (3) the spatial distributions of most indices show a gradual increasing trend from the northern plain area to the southern mountainous area, while consecutive dry days show the opposite tendency; and (4) most indices roughly show similar spatiotemporal variation characteristics with AMP, i.e., decreases in southwestern area, but increases in the eastern mountainous region and the north plain area, exhibiting an overall increasing trend at the 1% significance level.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variation of Drought and Its Correlation With Plant Species of Yunnan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133-1142
Author(s):  
Xinhui Xu ◽  
Xingyu Zhou ◽  
Zhenqiang Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Variation Characteristics

Drought is the main natural disaster in Yunnan Province, China. In the present paper monthly precipitation observation data from Yunnan Province durign the period of 1966 - 2015 were used. From the data, the selected percentage of precipitation anomalies was used as drought index. By applying the ArcGIS inverse distance interpolation method and Mann Kendall non parametric trend test method the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of drought in Yunnan province were analyzed. Results show that the drought in Yunnan Province has a slightly upward trend. In spring and winter, there is a tendency to become wet but in summer and autumn, the tendency is shown by dry condition. It was observed that the studied area is prone to a severe drought in winter, and there will be more droughts in the east part, the northwest part, and the southwest part of Yunnan province when it is autumn. In other periods, severe doughts usually attack the middle part of Yunnan province, which can be proved by the characteristics of vegetation distribution. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1133-1142, 2021 (December)

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Vegetative PUE in China from 2000 to 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Haitao Xu ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
Zhengwei He ◽  
A. Duo ◽  
Bing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Alpine Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Broadleaf Forest ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability

Vegetative precipitation-use efficiency (PUE) is a key indicator for evaluating the dynamic response of vegetation productivity to the spatiotemporal variation in precipitation. It is also an important indicator for reflecting the relationship between the water and carbon cycles in a vegetation ecosystem. This paper uses data from MODIS Net Primary Production (NPP) and China’s spatial interpolation data for precipitation from 2000 to 2015 to calculate the annual value, multiyear mean value, interannual standard deviation, and interannual linear trend of Chinese terrestrial vegetative PUE over the past 16 years. Based on seven major administrative regions, eleven vegetation types, and four climate zones, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of China’s vegetative PUE. The research results are shown as follows: (1) China’s vegetative PUE shows obvious spatial variation characteristics, and it is relatively stable interannually, with an overall slight increasing trend, especially in Northwest and Southwest China. The vegetative PUE is higher, and its stability is declined in Xinjiang, western Gansu, and the southern Tibetan valley. The vegetative PUE is lower, and its stability is increased in northeastern Tibet and southwestern Qinghai. An increasing trend in vegetative PUE is obvious at the edge of the Tarim Basin, in western Gansu, the southern Tibetan valley, and northwestern Yunnan. (2) There is a significant difference in the PUEs among different vegetation types. The average PUE of Broadleaf Forest is the highest, and the average PUE of Alpine Vegetation is the lowest. The stability of the PUE of Mixed Coniferous and Broadleaf Forest is declined, and the stability of the PUE of Alpine Vegetation is increased. The increasing speed of the PUE of Grass-forb Community is the fastest, and the decreasing speed of the PUE of Swamp is the fastest. (3) There is a significant difference in the PUEs among different vegetation types in the same climate zone, the difference in vegetative PUE in arid and semiarid regions is mainly affected by precipitation, and the difference in vegetative PUE in humid and semihumid regions is mainly affected by soil factors. The PUEs of the same vegetation type are significantly different among climate zones. The average PUE of Cultural Vegetation has the largest difference, the stability of the PUE of Steppe has the largest difference, and the increasing speed of the PUE of Swamp has the largest difference.

Trends in Periprosthetic Knee Infection and Associated Costs: A Population-Based Study Using National Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brochin ◽  
Jashvant Poeran ◽  
Khushdeep S. Vig ◽  
Aakash Keswani ◽  
Nicole Zubizarreta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Teaching Status ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Increasing Trends

AbstractGiven increasing demand for primary knee arthroplasties, revision surgery is also expected to increase, with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) a main driver of costs. Recent data on national trends is lacking. We aimed to assess trends in PJI in total knee arthroplasty revisions and hospitalization costs. From the National Inpatient Sample (2003–2016), we extracted data on total knee arthroplasty revisions (n = 782,449). We assessed trends in PJI prevalence and (inflation-adjusted) hospitalization costs (total as well as per-day costs) for all revisions and stratified by hospital teaching status (rural/urban by teaching status), hospital bed size (≤299, 300–499, and ≥500 beds), and hospital region (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West). The Cochran–Armitage trend test (PJI prevalence) and linear regression determined significance of trends. PJI prevalence overall was 25.5% (n = 199,818) with a minor increasing trend: 25.3% (n = 7,828) in 2003 to 28.9% (n = 19,275) in 2016; p < 0.0001. Median total hospitalization costs for PJI decreased slightly ($23,247 in 2003–$20,273 in 2016; p < 0.0001) while median per-day costs slightly increased ($3,452 in 2003–$3,727 in 2016; p < 0.0001), likely as a function of decreasing length of stay. With small differences between hospitals, the lowest and highest PJI prevalences were seen in small (≤299 beds; 22.9%) and urban teaching hospitals (27.3%), respectively. In stratification analyses, an increasing trend in PJI prevalence was particularly seen in larger (≥500 beds) hospitals (24.4% in 2003–30.7% in 2016; p < 0.0001), while a decreasing trend was seen in small-sized hospitals. Overall, PJI in knee arthroplasty revisions appears to be slightly increasing. Moreover, increasing trends in large hospitals and decreasing trends in small-sized hospitals suggest a shift in patients from small to large volume hospitals. Decreasing trends in total costs, alongside increasing trends in per-day costs, suggest a strong impact of length of stay trends and a more efficient approach to PJI over the years (in terms of shorter length of stay).

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli: A Retrospective Study of Trends in a Tertiary Healthcare Unit

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Muntean ◽  
Florin-George Horhat ◽  
Luminița Bădițoiu ◽  
Victor Dumitrașcu ◽  
Iulia-Cristina Bagiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
Resistant Strains

Background and objective: Bacterial multidrug resistance is particularly common in Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), with important clinical consequences regarding their spread and treatment options. The aim of this study was to investigate the trend of multidrug-resistant GNB (MDR-GNB) in high-risk hospital departments, between 2000–2015, in intervals of five years, with the intention of improving antibiotic therapy policies and optimising preventive and control practices. Materials and methods: This is an observational, retrospective study performed in three departments of the most important tertiary healthcare unit in the southwestern part of Romania: the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the General Surgery Department (GSD), and the Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department (NMDD). MDR was defined as acquired resistance to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. Trends over time were determined by the Cochran–Armitage trend test and linear regression. Results: During the study period, a total of 2531 strains of MDR-GNB were isolated in 1999 patients: 9.20% in 2000, 18.61% in 2005, 37.02% in 2010, and 35.17% in 2015. The most significant increasing trend was recorded in the ICU (gradient = 7.63, R² = 0.842, p < 0.001). The most common MDR-GNB in the ICU was isolated from bronchoalveolar aspiration samples. Concerning the proportion of different species, most of the changes were recorded in the ICU, where a statistically significant increasing trend was observed for Proteus mirabilis (gradient = 2.62, R2 = 0.558, p < 0.001) and Acinetobacter baumannii (gradient = 2.25, R2 = 0.491, p < 0.001). Analysis of the incidence of the main resistance phenotypes proportion identified a statistically significant increase in carbapenem resistance in the ICU (Gradient = 8.27, R² = 0.866, p < 0.001), and an increased proportion of aminoglycoside-resistant strains in all three departments, but more importantly in the ICU and GSD. Conclusion: A statistically significant increasing trend was observed in all three departments; the most significant one was recorded in the ICU, where after 2010, carbapenem-resistant strains were isolated.

scholarly journals Gaseous and particulate urban air pollution in the region of Vojvodina (Serbia)

2015 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Slavica Malinovic-Milicevic ◽  
Dragutin Mihailovic ◽  
Emilija Nikolic-Djoric ◽  
Marija Jevtic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Calm Wind

The present study focuses on interpretations of the temporal variations and variations between urban locations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black smoke (BS) during the period 2001-2008 in the Vojvodina Region of Serbia (VR_S). In this study we examined variations of pollutants concentrations during household heating and non-heating seasons and the effect of household heating, traffic, rainfall and wind speed on the air pollution levels of SO2, NO2 and BS in eight locations. The analyses showed that the annual limit values of these pollutants as recommended by the Serbian regulations and recommendations were not exceeded, unlike the daily limits. Higher SO2 concentrations during household heating season in four locations indicate the substantial impact of house?hold heating on air quality. Positive effects of the use of environmentally cleaner fuels were observed in only two locations. The growing impact of traffic on air pollution is shown by the increasing trend of NO2 during both seasons. Calm wind conditions and an absence of rainfall were found to have incremental effects on pollution levels in most locations.

scholarly journals Exploring spatiotemporal variation characteristics of exceedance air pollution risk using social media big data

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 114049
Author(s):  
Zheng Cao ◽  
Zhifeng Wu ◽  
Shaoying Li ◽  
Wenjun Ma ◽  
Yujiao Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Pollution Risk ◽  
Variation Characteristics

scholarly journals Increase in Percentage of Seronegative Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus in Pregnant Women: An Improvement in Hygienic Conditions in Certain Areas?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-Bogdan Navolan ◽  
Florin Gorun ◽  
Cristian Oancea ◽  
Ioana-Mihaela Ciohat ◽  
Daniel Malița ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Food Quality Control ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

(1) Background: Toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus belong to a group of pathogens entities called TORCH agents. TORCH represents an acronym which derives from the name of a series of certain pathogenic agents (Toxoplasma gondii, Other agents, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes virus). They could cross the placenta barrier and cause serious damage to the fetus if a primary infection occurs in a pregnant woman. Immunized women are relatively protected against a reinfection and the risk of a materno-fetal infection in these categories of pregnant women is considered low. (2) Aim of the study: To analyze changes in the percentage of pregnant women seronegative to Toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus along a period of ten years, from 2008 to 2018. (3) Material and Methods: We studied the changes in percentage of seronegative Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus pregnant women along two periods: 2008–2010 and 2015–2018. Only pregnant women with declared medium of provenience and unequivocal results were enrolled in the study. (4) Results: In urban areas, we found an increase in the percentage of pregnant women seronegative to Toxoplasma gondii (RR = 1.488, p < 0.0001), respectively to cytomegalovirus (RR = 1.985, p < 0.0001), from 2008–2010 to 2015–2018. A similar increasing trend was found also in rural areas: Toxoplasma gondii (RR = 1.136, p < 0.0322), respectively cytomegalovirus (RR = 1.088, p < 0.8265) but it did not reach a significant threshold for cytomegalovirus. (5) Conclusion: Our study showed that the percentage of women seronegative to Toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus antibodies increases along a period of ten years, from 2008–2010 to 2015–2018, in both urban and rural areas. Probably, the main cause of this trend is represented by the improvement in hygienic condition and food quality control. These results present an argument for continuing the TORCH screening of pregnant women.

scholarly journals The Temporal Variation of the Microclimate and Human Thermal Comfort in Urban Wetland Parks: A Case Study of Xixi National Wetland Park, China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Jianhua Dong ◽  
Qijiang He ◽  
Bing Ye
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Urban Wetland

As an important part of the ecological infrastructure in urban areas, urban wetland parks have the significant ecological function of relieving the discomfort of people during their outdoor activities. In recent years, the specific structures and ecosystem services of urban wetland parks have been investigated from different perspectives. However, the microclimate and human thermal comfort (HTC) of urban wetland parks have rarely been discussed. In particular, the changing trends of HTC in different seasons and times have not been effectively presented. Accordingly, in this research, a monitoring platform was established in Xixi National Wetland Park, China, to continually monitor its microclimate in the long term. Via a comparison with a control site in the downtown area of Hangzhou, China, the temporal variations of the microclimate and HTC in the urban wetland park are quantified, and suggestions for clothing are also provided. The results of this study demonstrate that urban wetland parks can mitigate the heat island effect and dry island effect in summer. In addition, urban wetland parks can provide ecological services at midday during winter to mitigate the cold island effect. More importantly, urban wetland parks are found to exhibit their best performance in improving HTC during the daytime of the hot season and the midday period of the cold season. Finally, the findings of this study suggest that citizens should take protective measures and enjoy their activities in the morning, evening, or at night, not at midday in hot weather. Moreover, extra layers are suggested to be worn before going to urban wetland parks at night in cold weather, and recreational activities involving accommodation are not recommended. These findings provide not only basic scientific data for the assessment of the management and ecological health value of Xixi National Wetland Park and other urban wetland parks with subtropical monsoon climates, but also a reference for visitor timing and clothing suggestions for recreational activities.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal variation in global floods with different affected areas and the contribution of influencing factors to flood-induced mortality (1985–2019)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Liu ◽  
Peijun Shi ◽  
Jian Fang
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Flood Duration ◽  
Level Ii

AbstractFloods are great threats to human life and property. Extensive research has investigated the spatiotemporal variation in flood occurrence, while few have studied the heterogeneity in global flood events of different sizes, which may require different coping strategies and risk reduction policies. In this study, we analysed the spatiotemporal patterns of global flood events with different affected areas (classified in three levels) during 1985–2019 and examined the contribution of different influencing factors to flood-induced mortality using Geodetector. The results show that (1) the increase in global flood frequency was mainly caused by Level II and Level III floods, and the average area affected by flood events has been increasing yearly since 1985. (2) In America and Africa, the frequency of Level III floods has increased monotonically. At the same time, the frequency of Level I floods in Europe and Level II floods in Asia has increased significantly. (3) For Europe and Asia, most of the deaths occurred with Level II floods; while for America and Africa, Level III floods caused the most mortality. (4) The top three factors contributing to the spatial heterogeneity in flood-induced mortality were the affected population, GDP per capita and flood duration. The contribution of each factor varied among the different types of floods. Topographic factors (percentage of mountainous area) magnified flood-induced mortality during extreme events with heavy rainfall, especially for Level III floods. The heterogeneity in flood frequency and flood-induced mortality indicates that flood protection measures should be more targeted. In addition, the increase in large-scale floods (Level III) highlights the need for transregional cooperation in flood risk management.

Measuring spatiotemporal accessibility for pediatric clinical services with multimodal transport modes: an exploratory analysis in Nanjing, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Zhou ◽  
LinWang Yuan ◽  
Changbin Wu ◽  
Zhaoyuan Yu ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Dynamic Traffic ◽  
Web Mapping ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
Transport Modes

Abstract Background: Healthcare accessibility research is developing towards a focus on multimodal transport modes (MTM) and spatiotemporal variation. Dynamic traffic conditions lead residents to make distinct traveling decisions in different timepoints, which has an impact on the spatiotemporal accessibility of healthcare. Pediatric clinic services (PCS) are one of the typical healthcare services that require a diagnosis through a professional physician clinic.Results: This paper aims to examine a methodological framework for the spatiotemporal accessibility of PCS (STA-PCS) and obtains its spatiotemporal variation characteristics. We design a spatial time impedance of multimodal transport modes (STI-MTM) model, which considers residential transport mode choices and adopt a gravity model based on web mapping data and population spatial distribution data to measure STA-PCS. We selected Nanjing, China, as the study area to estimate the STA-PCS value at four timepoints. The results indicate that the spatial aggregate of PCS is evident, and dynamic traffic factors influence the volatility of STA-PCS.Conclusions: This work holds pragmatic implications for policymakers on the STA-PCS considered travel characteristics based on georeferenced social media data.

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