scholarly journals Drought stress and soil management practices in grapevines in Cyprus under the threat of climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Panayiota Xylia ◽  
Vassilis Litskas ◽  
Athanasia Mandoulaki ◽  
Demetris Antoniou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
One Year ◽  
Red Grape

Abstract The Middle East, the cradle of viticulture and wine production, is gradually but steadily becoming hotter and drier because of climate change (CC). In the current study, we evaluated the effect of tillage and irrigation on yield and quality characteristics of the heat-resistant, indigenous red-grape variety Maratheftiko for one year. Yield increased (two-fold) in vines with irrigation and tillage compared to tillage with no irrigation. The absence of tillage buffered the negative effect of the lack of irrigation on yield. At the veraison stage, leaf stomatal conductance decreased in non-irrigated vines, independently of the application of tillage or not. At veraison, tillage increased (up to 27.5%) phenolics when compared to no tillage in non-irrigated vines. Vines accumulated more N, P, and K and less Mg during the flowering stage compared to veraison. At veraison, irrigation decreased K content in vines subjected to tillage and decreased Mg content in vines subjected to no tillage. Total soluble solids and anthocyanins of berries increased with the absence of irrigation and tillage. Total phenolics increased with tillage in both irrigated and non-irrigated plants. Our results indicate that no tillage systems may be viable as an adaptation strategy in the context of CC.

scholarly journals Social Organization and Agricultural Strategies to Face Climate Variability: A Case Study in Guaraciaba, Southern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Bonatti ◽  
Sandro L. Schlindwein ◽  
Ana Carolina F. De Vasconcelos ◽  
Stefan Sieber ◽  
Luiz Renato D Agostini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Biodiversity Management ◽  
Crop Species

<p>Climate scenarios and projections have suggested that the impacts of climate change on land use will be noticed particularly by the communities that depend on natural resources for their subsistence. The climate vulnerability of poor communities varies greatly, but in general, climate change combines with other threats and becomes superimposed on existing vulnerabilities. This paper presents a case study that strives to understand the social organization in a vulnerable community of Guaraciaba, in southern Brazil, to investigate aspects of an adaptation strategy to climate change based on the local development and conservation of landraces of a set of crop species. Landraces are varieties better adapted to adversities, especially drought, which is an important threat to the famers in the region. Every farmer receives annually a “kit of biodiversity”, a set of local varieties with the amount of seeds necessary to be cultivated in order to produce enough food for the family. The study had a qualitative approach and was carried out through semi-structured interviews with technicians and 30% of the rural families who farm with landraces. The study concludes that the factors that make this adaptation strategy sustainable are: the ability to undertake actions strongly based on local socio-cultural needs (a social support network), biodiversity management practices designed to reduce external economic dependence, self management of genetic resources, the establishment of priorities based on locally available resources, a work plan for community participation (field days, a community based festival), the establishment of the roles of community in the planning and implementation of programs for biodiversity management.</p>

scholarly journals Semi-Minimal Pruned Hedge: A Potential Climate Change Adaptation Strategy in Viticulture

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Molitor ◽  
Mareike Schultz ◽  
Robert Mannes ◽  
Marine Pallez-Barthel ◽  
Lucien Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Training System ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Maturity Period ◽  
Mechanical Thinning ◽  
Bunch Rot

The low-input viticultural training system ‘Semi-minimal pruned hedge’ (SMPH) is progressively being more widely applied in the Central European grapegrowing regions. The present study examined the influence of (i) the training system (SMPH versus the vertical shoot position (VSP) system), (ii) the timing of shoot topping in SMPH, and (iii) the effects of mechanical thinning in SMPH on the bunch rot epidemic, grape maturity, and yield. Six-year field trials on Pinot blanc in Luxembourg demonstrated that yield levels in non-thinned SMPH treatments were 74% higher, and total soluble solids (TSS) at harvest 2.2 brix lower than in VSP. Non-thinned SMPH delayed the bunch rot epidemic and the maturity progress by 18 and 11 days compared to VSP, respectively. Different shoot-topping timings in SMPH did not affect the tested parameters. Mechanical thinning regimes reduced the yield by 28% (moderate thinning) and 53% (severe thinning) compared to non-thinned SMPH and increased TSS by 0.8 and 1.3 brix, respectively. Delayed bunch rot epidemic and maturity progress give rise to the opportunity for a longer maturity period in cooler conditions, making this system of particular interest in future, warmer climatic conditions. Providing that yield levels are managed properly, SMPH might represent an interesting climate change adaptation strategy.

scholarly journals Seedling Selection in Pomegranate (Punica granaturn)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 603f-604
Author(s):  
Peng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
One Year ◽  
Fruit Flavor

Seedling selections in pomegranates began in 1986. `Giant Green Sweet' (GGS) was used as the female parent. GGS was characterized by fruit size from 340 to 500 g, a green color with slight blush, thin fruit coat, hexalobate calyx, and semi-open ovary with 8 to 12 loculi. The seeds are red, abundant, juicy, and sweet. The seeds contain 15% to 16% soluble solids. The male, pollinating cultivars in the same garden were `Giant Red Sweet', `Giant Horse Teeth', `White Sweet', `Red Sour', `Bing Tang Zi', and `Qing Gang Liu'. Seeds were harvested from fruit that were open-pollinated and weighed 500 g. Seeds were germinated and planted at the end of March. One-year-old seedlings grew to 30 to 50 cm. Two-year-old seedlings grew to 1 to 1.5 m tall with many branches. Seedlings passed the juvenile period after 3 years of growth. Some seedlings blossomed, and a few blossoms developed into fruit. Seedlings were adult by the fourth year, and all of them blossomed and developed fruit. This is a shorter interval to maturation than the parent cultivars. Fruits were located from the lower middle of the tree crown to the top. Adult seedlings produced fruit of ≈400 g with a few seedlings producing fruits of 500 to 600 g. There were 400 to 500 seeds per fruit averaging 40 g per 100 seeds. Seeds from the offspring were bright red and larger than those of the female parent. Fruit flavor was similar to the female parent. Offspring were more cold hardy than the parent cultivars. There were no signs of cold injury in hybrid seedlings to –19°C. This study indicates that seedling selection in pomegranates has a high potential to create higher yield and quality pomegranates. Continuing experiments will reselect the best offspring to develop higher quality cultivars.

Fruit set, development and maturation.

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Rosemary J. du Preez
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Phenological Cycle ◽  
Productivity Gains

Abstract This chapter describes the guava fruit as well as the fruit set, growth, drop, harvesting, yield and quality (total soluble solids, total acids and ascorbic acid). Understanding the phenological cycle of guava and the effect of management practices on yield and fruit quality allows management practices to be modified to develop strategies which should lead to productivity gains for different pruning or chemical application times. As the effects of various treatments and times of application on yield and fruit quality for different cultivars and climatic zones are known, it is possible to decide on the optimum time to apply treatments knowing what the quality of the fruit will be, the time that the fruit will be harvested, expected yield and the critical times to apply management practices.

scholarly journals Climate Change Perception and Adaptation in a Remote Costa Rican Agricultural Community

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Smith ◽  
Maren Oelbermann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Agroecosystem Management

Current agroecosystem management practices in tropical latitudes may not be an economically feasible and an effective long-term adaptation strategy to climate change. As such, implementing, improving and refining sustainable land management practices may be a more effective adaptation strategy. This study determined the perception and knowledge of climate change by landowners in a remote Costa Rican agricultural community, and evaluated the type of sustainable agricultural practices currently implemented and how such practices could also serve as a climate change adaptation strategy. Based on this information, recommendations for successful adaptation applicable to other communities were also discussed. This study showed that community members observed changes in local weather patterns over the past decade, which paralleled changes in the distribution patterns of vegetation and wildlife. Results also showed that community members had a good understanding of climate change and its potential impact(s) on agricultural production. Community members were continually striving to implement long-term sustainable agroecosystem management practices to maintain productivity, integrity and agroecosystem resilience while also meeting economic and socioecological needs. For example, implementing seedbanks helped to improve the quality of crops and provided a source of seeds adapted to current climate conditions. Other adaptation strategies included agroforestry for soil and water conservation and as a source of fruits, nuts and forage for people and livestock. The use of livestock nutritional supplements to offset low-quality forage during the now more intense dry season, compared to previous dry seasons, were also used as an adaptation strategy. An affiliation with social networks to help access resources and implement sustainable agriculture and climate change adaptation strategies were essential in this community. Based on surveys with community members, this study developed a 3- stage plan for developing successful adaptation programs for application in other small agricultural communities in tropical latitudes.

scholarly journals Optimizing Carbon Sequestration in Croplands: A Synthesis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Alexandra Tiefenbacher ◽  
Taru Sandén ◽  
Hans-Peter Haslmayr ◽  
Julia Miloczki ◽  
Walter Wenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Soc Stocks

Climate change and ensuring food security for an exponentially growing global human population are the greatest challenges for future agriculture. Improved soil management practices are crucial to tackle these problems by enhancing agro-ecosystem productivity, soil fertility, and carbon sequestration. To meet Paris climate treaty pledges, soil management must address validated approaches for carbon sequestration and stabilization. The present synthesis assesses a range of current and potential future agricultural management practices (AMP) that have an effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and sequestration. Through two strategies—increasing carbon inputs (e.g., enhanced primary production, organic fertilizers) and reducing SOC losses (e.g., reducing soil erosion, managing soil respiration)—AMP can either sequester, up to 714 ± 404 (compost) kg C ha−1 y−1, having no distinct impact (mineral fertilization, no-tillage), or even reduce SOC stocks in the topsoil (bare fallow, business-as-usual). AMP can sequester between −20 ± 210 (mineral fertilization) and 714 ± 404 (compost) kg C ha−1 y−1 in the topsoil. No-tillage practices have no distinct impact, and bare fallow or “business-as-usual” scenarios even reduce SOC stocks in the topsoil. Overall, the carbon sequestration potential of the subsoil (>40 cm) requires further investigation. Moreover, climate change, permanent soil sealing, consumer behavior in dietary habits and waste production, as well as the socio-economic constraints of farmers (e.g., information exchange, long-term economic profitability) are important factors for implementing new AMPs. This calls for life-cycle assessments of those practices.

scholarly journals Climate change governance in agroforestry systems: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9s10 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Pamela Katic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Climate Change Governance

Agroforestry has the potential to fundamentally transform socio-ecological systems to address the root causes of climate vulnerability. Although there is increasing interest in agroforestry as a transformative adaptation strategy, its implementation is often discouraged by the need to involve multiple stakeholders, sectors, and governance levels with potentially different interests. We draw on a systematic review of sixty-four peer-reviewed papers on climate change governance in agroforestry systems to (1) outline the current state of the literature, (2) characterise how governance is conceptualised, (3) investigate governance challenges, and (4) provide insights into effective governance. The review finds that most relevant papers have been published in the past three years, and most of these papers are found in interdisciplinary journals. The main governance challenges include coordinating polycentricity, overcoming power imbalances, and sharing, translating, and integrating different types of knowledge. However, few empirical studies of agroforestry governance have been completed. A richer conceptual framework of governance is required to improve our ability to navigate the role of sustainable land management practices such as agroforestry in successful climate change adaptation and mitigation.

A holistic multi-actor approach towards the design of new tomato varieties and management practices to improve yield and quality in the face of climate change

Impact ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Mondher Bouzayen ◽  
Cathie Martin ◽  
Alisdair Fernie ◽  
Paul Fraser ◽  
Antonio Granell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals The Effects of the Management Strategies on Spruce Bark Beetles Populations (Ips typographus and Pityogenes chalcographus), in Apuseni Natural Park, Romania

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Ciprian George Fora ◽  
Adalbert Balog
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Forest Density ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
One Year

The population densities of I. typographus and P. chalcographus inside the Carpathian Mountains increasing mostly because of the non-synchronized and divers management strategies. The growing loss of trees from one year to another indicates assessment to determine the influence of the current management practices (or the absence of such) on bark beetle densities. A comprehensive tree-year assessment were made inside the Apuseni Natural Park, with a surface of 75,784 ha, to assess the population density of bark beetles. High abundance of both species were detected from one year to another, both in managed and unmanaged forests, the latter explained by the presence of scattered wind falling trees which represent favorable places for oviposition. General linear modelling revealed that the effect of environmental variables (forest mean age, forest density, altitude and slope) on I. typographus density were only significant under management systems, and only forest age has significantly negative effect on bark beetles densities. Overall, we conclude that there is little difference in population between non-intervention and intervention areas and even over a relatively short period of time (2011–2013), the population of both species expanded, and new uninfected habitats were infected both in unmanaged and managed forests, therefore a synchronized management system has to be developed. Climate variables as temperature and precipitations has more significant effects on population density than management.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on the Production of Coffea arabica at Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Sigrun Wagner ◽  
Laurence Jassogne ◽  
Elizabeth Price ◽  
Martin Jones ◽  
Richard Preziosi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Positive Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
Short Rainy Season ◽  
The Impact

Adapting coffee production to climate change is a significant challenge requiring a detailed understanding of local climatic change patterns and the consequences, both real and perceived, for coffee production. To this end, we examined changes in precipitation at Mt. Kilimanjaro over the last two decades and conducted twelve focus group discussions to obtain farmers’ perceptions on climate change, the impact of extreme weather events on coffee production and the potential of shade trees as an adaptation strategy. Despite an increase in total annual precipitation, farmers are still confronted with droughts due to a shift in seasons. We found a delayed onset of the main rainy season and showed that a positive Indian Ocean Dipole contributes to the increase in precipitation during the short rainy season. Farmers clearly described the impacts of drought or excess rainfall on coffee production during flowering, maturation, and harvest. Thus, adaptation strategies need to be tailored such that specific coffee development stages are buffered against the effects of droughts, shorter wet seasons, and less frequent but heavier rainfall events. To develop the potential of shade trees as an effective adaptation strategy, optimum shade density, specific tree species, and management practices need to be identified.

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