scholarly journals The effect of container-biofilm on the microbiological quality of water used from plastic household containers

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jagals ◽  
C. Jagals ◽  
T. C. Bokako
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Storage Containers

Studies in Southern Africa have shown that even when microbiologically safe water is supplied to developing communities at communal standpipes, contamination by high numbers of pathogenic microorganisms may occur during the processes of fetching water from the supply source and storage during use at home, rendering such waters unsafe for human consumption. This study investigated the occurrence of biofilm in PVC storage containers as one possible reason for this deterioration, using heterotrophic bacteria and total coliform counts as well as turbidity as indicators. A second objective was to determine whether biofilm in water-storage containers could contribute to hazardous microbiological contamination indicated by Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens. Results indicated that increased microbiological contamination is associated with biofilm. The biofilm harbours heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms and C. perfringens. E. coli could not be associated directly with the levels of biofilm in containers but rather appears to be introduced intermittently from the ambient domestic environment. When dislodged with the biofilm, these bacteria contributed substantially to the deterioration of the microbiological quality of supplied water stored in plastic containers.

scholarly journals Physical-chemical and microbiological analysis of water of irrigation and microbiological analysis of lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e55
Author(s):  
Camila Corrêa Bierhas ◽  
Aline Belem Machado ◽  
Simone Ulrich Picoli ◽  
Daniela Montanari Migliavacca Osorio ◽  
Daiane Bolzan Berlese
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Almost All

The contamination of vegetables by pathogenic microorganisms is directly related to the water quality used in their irrigation. Lettuce is the main vegetable consumed in Brazil and because it does not undergo any processing before its consumption, it is directly affected by the quality of the water used for irrigation. This study analyzed the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of water used in lettuce irrigation and possible microbiological contamination of lettuce. In relation to microbiological analyzes, high values were found for heterotrophic bacteria and total coliforms in weirs and vegetables. For fecal coliforms, in almost all water samples, the value found was above that established by the legislation. In lettuce, this occurred in three samples. No strong correlation was found between water and lettuce contamination. In relation to the physicochemical parameters analyzed, only the value of the turbidity in one of the weirs was above the threshold established by the legislation.

scholarly journals Are the defined substrate-based methods adequate to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters?

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Sofia Valente ◽  
Paulo Pedro ◽  
M. Carmen Alonso ◽  
Juan J. Borrego ◽  
Lídia Dionísio
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Rapid Tests

Monitoring the microbiological quality of water used for recreational activities is very important to human public health. Although the sanitary quality of recreational marine waters could be evaluated by standard methods, they are time-consuming and need confirmation. For these reasons, faster and more sensitive methods, such as the defined substrate-based technology, have been developed. In the present work, we have compared the standard method of membrane filtration using Tergitol-TTC agar for total coliforms and Escherichia coli, and Slanetz and Bartley agar for enterococci, and the IDEXX defined substrate technology for these faecal pollution indicators to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters. ISO 17994:2004 standard was used to compare these methods. The IDEXX for total coliforms and E. coli, Colilert®, showed higher values than those obtained by the standard method. Enterolert® test, for the enumeration of enterococci, showed lower values when compared with the standard method. It may be concluded that more studies to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the rapid tests are required in order to apply them for routine monitoring of marine and freshwater recreational bathing areas. The main advantages of these methods are that they are more specific, feasible and simpler than the standard methodology.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality of Kachumbari, a Raw Vegetable Salad Popularly Served Alongside Roast Meat in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Mbae ◽  
Mercy K. Ndwiga ◽  
Fredrick G. Kiruki
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Borne

Raw salads are regularly implicated in food-borne disease outbreaks globally. Consumption of kachumbari, a raw vegetable salad, alongside roast meat is widespread in Kenya. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacteriological quality of kachumbari samples (n=39) collected from a cross section of roasted meat eateries in Kenya. The United Kingdom’s Health Protection Agency guidelines were used to infer safety of the salads due to lack of local criteria for microbiological safety of ready-to-eat fresh produce placed in the market. Based on Escherichia coli counts, 14 (35.9%) of the samples were of satisfactory microbial quality (<20 CFU/g), 7 (17.9%) in the borderline (20–≤102 CFU/g), and 18 (46.2%) unsatisfactory (>102 CFU/g). All samples examined for staphylococci had counts falling within the borderline range (20–≤104 CFU/g). Collectively, 3 (7.7%) of the sampled salads were classified as potentially harmful to health and/or unfit for human consumption due to the presumptive presence of 2 (5.1%) Campylobacter spp. and 1 (2.6%) E. coli O157. Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples. The presence of hygiene indicator microorganisms and pathogens demonstrates that kachumbari salads present a public health risk.

scholarly journals The health-related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Kassenga
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Physicochemical Parameters and Microbiological Quality of Water Samples Obtained from Mbiaso River and Enang Stream in Ikot Ekpene Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Ekanem, Jonathan Okokon ◽  
Akpan, Nyaknoabasi Ime ◽  
Zorbari, Glory Msubaritoma
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Who Standards

The physicochemical, microbiological and heavy metal studies of water samples obtained from Mbiaso River and Enang Stream were investigated. Water samples were collected from two locations with two sampling points from each location along the course of the water body based on their use by the community and analysed using standard procedures. The results obtained were compared with WHO standards for drinking and recreational water. Aside titratable acidity, titratable alkalinity and BOD, all other physicochemical parameters were within the permissible standards. All the heavy metals concentrations were above the permissible limits except for Lead (Pb) that ranged between 0.01mg/l to 0.05 mg/l for all the sampling points. All the water samples were found to harbor coliforms organisms in numbers greater than the required WHO standards for water except for Enang river that lacked the presence of Vibrio spp. The total viable counts for all the water samples were generally high exceeding the standard limit of 1.0 x 102 cfu/ml for water. The total heterotrophic bacteria count, total coliform count, faecal coliform count and total fungal count ranged between 1.9x104 - 52x104 cfu/ml, 2.3x104 -38 x104 cfu/ml, 1.7x104 - 30x104 cfu/ml and 2.5x104 - 5.3x104 cfu/ml respectively. The total salmonella-shigella counts and total staphylococcus counts were in the range of 0.2 x102-0.4 x102 cfu/ml and 0.3 x102 -0.6 x104 cfu/ml respectively. From the study, it is suggested that some regulations measures be put in place to control pollution of the water while the water be properly treated before use for domestic, potable or recreational purposes.

scholarly journals KUALITAS MIKROBIOLOGI ES BATU KRISTAL DAN HYGIENE SANITASI SEPANJANG RANTAI DISTRIBUSI DI SURABAYA

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Zumairotul Muna ◽  
AT. Diana Nerawati ◽  
Rachmaniyah .
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ice Cube ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Distribution Chain

Crystal ice cube consumed by people is distributed through distribution chain from factories, agents, and ice traders in Surabaya. Each distribution chain posses risk of contamination to the quality of the ice, one of which is microbiological contamination that cause health problems to consumers. This is descriptive study aimed to obtain microbiological quality of crystal ice cube and hygiene sanitation throughout distribution chain in Surabaya. Sampling and observations were conducted sequentially in the same day, in different time and with 3 time repetition for 3 days in a row. Data were analyzed descriptively. The result showed  that the ice crystals did not contain E. coli yet contained MPN Coliform. The rate of MPN Coliform on ice at factory  was 10 colonies / 100 cc sample, at agent was 12-15 colonies / 100 cc sample, and at merchant were 15-43 colonies / 100 cc sample. Hygiene sanitation affecting MPN Coliform in crystal ice are non standard raw materials, production process, transportation, and the handlers. In conclusion, microbiological quality of crystal ice cube along the distribution chain in Surabaya with E. coli parameter did not meet standard. Health Department needs to conduct surveillance on a regular basis. Factory of ice cube needs to  make Standard Operating Procedures. Agents  and traders need to improve hygiene sanitation of conveyance, transport personnel, equipment, and handlers.  Keywords : Ice Cube Crystals, Chain Distribution, Hygiene Sanitation, MPN Coliform, E. coli

scholarly journals Indicator of Quality of Water for Human Consumption in the Community El Comején, Masaya (Nicaragua)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Dixon Nohel Morales López ◽  
Ismael Montero Fernández ◽  
Selvin Antonio Saravia Maldonado ◽  
Francisco Luis Acosta Díaz ◽  
Luis Antonio Beltrán Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Major Element ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
The Republic

Knowing the quality of water for human consumption is of utmost importance in the development of a country, since the poor quality of this vital liquid can be a source of diseases for the health of the population. The present work was carried out in the community El Comej&eacute;n, Masaya, in the Republic of Nicaragua, where microbiological analyzes were carried out in three sampling points (one well drilled and two taps). The physicochemical and chemical analyzes are in accordance with the norms established by CARPE, highlighting sodium as a major element with a concentration of 48.6 mg L-1 and potassium with 21.08 mg L-1. On the other hand, biological parameters such as total coliforms, thermotolerable coliforms, E. coli and fecal enterococos were analyzed, being found in some sampling points, values of total coliforms of 110 NMP 100 mL-1 being above the established limits, requiring a treatment additional to be suitable for human consumption.

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Drinking Water in Guadalajara, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Rubino ◽  
Yahaira Corona ◽  
José Guadalupe Jiménez Pérez ◽  
Charlotte D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Access To Water

In many regions where drinking water supply is intermittent and unreliable, households adapt by storing water in cisterns or rooftop tanks. Both intermittent supply and stored water can be vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms with deleterious health effects. The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area is a rapidly growing urban center with over five million residents where household storage is nearly ubiquitous. This pilot study was conducted in July 2018 to examine the microbiological quality of drinking water in Guadalajara. Samples were tested for free available chlorine residual, total coliform bacteria, and E. coli. A survey on access to water and public perspectives was also conducted. Water exiting rooftop tanks exceeded regulatory limits for total coliform levels in half of the homes studied. Piped water arriving at two homes had total coliform levels that far exceeded regulatory limits. No E. coli were detected in any of the samples. Only 35% of homes had a chlorine residual between the recommended 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L. Many homes reported unpleasant odors and colors. Only 7% of residents drank the piped water. Future studies are needed, especially during April and May when many homes reported a higher disruption to water service.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Underground Wells in Badra City, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 0560
Author(s):  
Kadhim Hashim Yaseen Al-Araji
Keyword(s):  
Total Coliform ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Advance Method ◽  
Pollution Detection ◽  
Private Wells ◽  
Positive Results

The quality of groundwater should be improved by keeping safe water sources from contaminants in protective way by doing regular measuring and checkup before it supplied for usage. Private Wells do not receive the same services that wells supplying the public do. Well owners are responsible for protecting their drinking water. This work was carried out in Badra city, Iraq from December 2017 to May 2018, six wells water were investigated to determine the general characteristics of wells as well as studying the effect of environmental factors on the quality of water. The average of six wells were eleven parameters that is out of permissible limits were EC, Sal., Alk., TH, TDS, Na, Ca, Cl, SO4, Fe, Zn (4402-5183 /cm, 2.76-3.9 ppt, 302-366mg/L, 3164-4248 mg/L, 604-675 mg/L, 375-524 mg/L, 635-871 mg/L, 631-1107 mg/L, 2430-4570 g/L, 114-392 g/L). Respectively, microbiological investigations involved the total coliform, total plate count, as well as the detection for the presence of E. coli, Salmonella and Cholera.  Results shows that there is a significant relation between the increasing of the TDS and Turbidity, TDS gives an indication for the significant increasing of chemical ions. Wells number 3, 4 and 5 showed gave positive results for E.coli growth which as a source of microbial pollution. Detection for the presence of chemical and microbial contaminate is an important alarm since this water has a direct effect on the human and animal's health. Advance method of rapid detection for the well water quality is highly recommended to avoid any health issue and prevent the outbreak of health risk and ecological contaminants.

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Drinking Water in Guadalajara, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Rubino ◽  
Yahaira Corona ◽  
José Guadalupe Jiménez Pérez ◽  
Charlotte Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Access To Water

In many regions where drinking water supply is intermittent and unreliable, households adapt by storing water in cisterns or rooftop tanks. Both intermittent supply and stored water can be vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms with deleterious health effects. The Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara is a rapidly growing urban center with over five million residents where household storage is nearly ubiquitous. This pilot study was conducted in July 2018 to examine the microbiological quality of drinking water in Guadalajara. Samples were tested for free available chlorine residual, total coliform bacteria, and Escherichia coli. A survey on access to water and public perspectives was also conducted. Water exiting rooftop tanks exceeded regulatory limits for total coliform levels in half of the homes studied. Piped water arriving at two homes had total coliform levels that far exceeded regulatory limits. No E. coli were detected in any of the samples. Only 35% of homes had a chlorine residual between the recommended 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L. Many homes reported unpleasant odors and colors. Only 7% of residents drank the piped water. Future studies are needed, especially during April and May when many homes reported a higher disruption to water service.

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