scholarly journals Evaluation of regional water security in China based on dualistic water cycle theory

Water Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Liu ◽  
Yangwen Jia ◽  
Cunwen Niu ◽  
Yongde Gan ◽  
Fei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Regional Water

Abstract Water security is the basis of sustainable human development. A new evaluation system of water security was established based on the natural–social dualistic water cycle theory, and then applied to characterize water security issues in China. At the national scale, the current state of water security was moderate, which was attributed to the improvement of water resource management level. However, it is still seriously inadequate in coordination of water use between ecological protection and socio-economic development, and wastewater treatment and reuse. Consequently, a resilient and integrated water management with adaptive capacity is needed. Moreover, the water security state in southern China was better than that in northern China, which was mainly attributed to the abundance of water resources in the south. Although the critical factors hindering water security were significantly different among China's 31 administrative regions, the low urban sewage reuse rate was a common factor, and irrigation efficiency was low in most parts of southern China. While in northern China, water resource overexploitation, polluted water quality and degraded aquatic ecosystems were common challenges. The results are consistent with the actual situations of China, and the related analysis can provide a reference for increasing regional water security.

scholarly journals A Bibliometrics Review of Water Footprint Research in China: 2003–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu ◽  
Jiang ◽  
Han ◽  
Gao ◽  
He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Water Security ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
The Impact

As water security becomes an increasingly important issue, the analysis of the conflict between water supply and demand has gained significance in China. This paper details a bibliometric review of papers published between 2003 and 2018 on the water footprint in China, one of the global hotspots of water resource research. The tendencies and key points of water footprint research were systematically analyzed based on 1564 articles, comprising 1170 original publications in Chinese from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database and 394 publications in English from the Web of Science database. The results show that the literature associated with water footprint research has expanded significantly. The number of papers published increased from 104 in 2003–2006 to 735 in 2015–2018. Water footprint research has been applied to agricultural, industrial, and regional water resource management to quantify the impact of human activities on water resources and the environment. Water footprint metrics were extracted for regional comparisons. There are obvious regional characteristics of the water footprint in China, but the uncertainty of results makes further investigation necessary. Further water footprint modeling and field experimental research is needed to explore the water–ecological environment under complex systems.

Evaluating the dynamic resilience process of a regional water resource system through the nexus approach and resilience routing analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water System ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Water Resource System ◽  
Resilience Process ◽  
Pollution Event ◽  
Regional Water Resource ◽  
Regional Water ◽  
Resource System

<p>The increasing magnitude and frequency of undesirable events, driven by climate and anthropogenic changes, have given rise to various approaches for quantifying the resilience of regional water resource systems. However, the deficiencies of these approaches in describing linkages among subsystems and disturbance-dependent resilience have hindered the assessment and prediction of resilience in water resource management. The nexus approach enables the propagation of a disturbance to be simulated (a process called surrogate disturbance generation). An approach analogous to a unit hydrograph is developed, and resilience routing (strain flow routing), which is a novel framework and model of the dynamic resilience process, is proposed for the evaluation of a regional water resource system. The proposed framework and model are applied to the Jinghong regional water resource system. Taking a pollution event as a disturbance, the responses of the water supply, fishery and electricity subsystems are simulated to test the validity of the proposed methods. The linkages among subsystems are determined according to the sink-source dynamic using the nexus approach, and the levels of surrogate disturbance transformed from the disturbance event can be quantified by the processes of dynamic resilience evaluation. The shape of the dynamic resilience process is quantified by the parameters of unit resilience routing with disturbance independence and reflects the characteristics of the system responding to the disturbance. The proposed method helps to assess the adaptive capacity of a water system to alleviate and regulate disturbances. Furthermore, after the calibration and validation of the assumptions of linearity inherent in the method, it can also be used to predict the dynamic resilience processes of every subsystem in response to any disturbance event affecting a regional water resource system.</p>

A GIS and Web-Based Decision Support System for Regional Water Resource Management and Planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 599-601 ◽  
pp. 1301-1304
Author(s):  
Wen Ming Zhang ◽  
Zheng Shen ◽  
Wen Jun Pan ◽  
Rong Hui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Support System ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Regional Water Resource ◽  
Regional Water

This paper presents a prototype of GIS (Geographic Information System) and web-based decision support system (GWDSS) for regional water resource management and planning, which is a conjunctive application of GIS, Web and DSS technologies. The components involved and implementation of GWDSS are analyzed. The scenario analysis approach and embedded GIS functions are explained. Through the application of GWDSS in the case study region, GWDSS enables managers and decision makers to improve the regional strategic management and planning of water resources,and optimizes the use of water to satisfy the demands of competing stakeholders and protecting water resources.

scholarly journals Climatic controls on watershed reference evapotranspiration vary dramatically during the past 50 years in southern China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengsheng Qin ◽  
Lu Hao ◽  
Lei Sun ◽  
Yongqiang Liu ◽  
Ge Sun
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Southern China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important hydrometeorological term widely used in water resource management, hydrological modeling, and understanding and projecting the hydrological effects of future climate change and land use change. Identifying the individual climatic controls on ETo helps better understand the processes of global climatic change impacts on local water resources and also simplify modeling efforts to predict actual evapotranspiration. We conducted a case study on the Qinhuai River Basin (QRB), a watershed dominated by a humid subtropical climate and mixed land uses in southern China. Long term (1961–2012) daily meteorological data at six weather stations across the watershed were used to estimate ETo by the FAO-56 Penman−Monteith model. The seasonal and annual trends of ETo were examined using the Mann−Kendall nonparametric test. The individual contributions from each meteorological variable were quantified by a detrending method. The results showed that basin-wide annual ETo had a decreasing trend during 1961–1987 due to decreased wind speed (WS), solar radiation (Rs), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and increased relative humidity (RH). These variables had different magnitudes of contribution to the ETo trend in different seasons examined during 1961−1987. However, during 1988–2012, both seasonal and annual ETo showed an increasing trend, mainly due to increased VPD and decreased RH and, to lesser extent, to decreased absolute humidity (AH) and a rising air temperature. We show that the key climatic controls on ETo have dramatically shifted as a result of global climate change during the past five decades. Now the atmospheric demand, instead of air temperature alone, is a major control on ETo. Thus, we conclude that accurately predicting current and future ETo and hydrological change under a changing climate must consider changes in VPD (i.e., air humidity and temperature) in the study region. Water resource management in the study basin must consider the increasing trend of ETo to meet the associated increasing water demand for irrigation agriculture and domestic water uses.

scholarly journals Prospects of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Water Scarcity Mitigation and Environmental Pollution Control in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Oluwatobi Idowu Alawode ◽  
Kola Ogedengbe ◽  
Ayodeji Fisayo Afolayan ◽  
Oludamilare Bode Adewuyi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Sub Saharan

This paper discusses wastewater and proven techniques for wastewater remediation and reuses from the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) perspective. Water scarcity and polluted water sources contribute to the death of a large population of people daily; most of whom are living in SSA. The vast availability of non-recycled wastewater and poor waste management infrastructures in SSA is the major contributing factor to environmental degradation and water pollution. In this paper, the challenges confronting wastewater treatment and reuse towards improving water resource management in SSA are discussed. One major issue identified in this work is the socio-cultural perception of people in SSA to the emerging trend of wastewater reuse for water resource conservation and management. One recognized approach by which wastewater reuse can be encouraged in SSA is by validating the quality of the reclaimed water through public sensitization. Another method is by introducing incentives that will motivate public acceptability of recycled water from wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Changes in Evapotranspiration from an Overexploited Water Resources Basin in Arid Northern China and Their Implications for Ecosystem Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfu Liu ◽  
Yujiu Xiong ◽  
Jianlin Tian ◽  
Zhihang Tan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Shiyang River Basin

Evapotranspiration (ET), including evaporation from soil and water surfaces and transpiration from vegetation, influences water distribution in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, especially in arid areas where water is a key limiting factor. Therefore, understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of ET, including its two components of soil evaporation (Es) and vegetation transpiration (Ec), can be useful for water resource management and ecological restoration in arid regions. Based on ET data from 2002 to 2012, the spatiotemporal variations in ET were evaluated in the Shiyang River Basin in arid Northwest China. The results showed the following: (1) spatially, ET decreased from upstream of the Qilian Mountains to the middle and downstream, with a mean annual value of 316 mm; (2) temporally, ET showed a single peak curve throughout the year, with the highest value occurring in summer; (3) ET showed a downward trend (from 350 to 265 mm) before 2009 and thereafter increased (from 265 to 345 mm); and (4) water use efficiency, indicated by the ratio of Ec to ET, was low in the cropland, with a mean value of 50.9%. Further analysis indicates that decreases in ET are mainly caused by vegetation decreases; in contrast, ecological restriction measures and strict water resource management policies in the middle reaches of the basin led to ET increases. It is concluded that understanding ET and its two components can elucidate the connections between water and human society.

Assessment of Regional Water-Human Harmony Based on ANP-Entropy Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Wang ◽  
De Shan Tang ◽  
Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
Jin Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Water ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Water System ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
Entropy Model ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Regional Water

Aiming at interactions between human system and water system, a new evaluation system for water-human harmony index (WHHI) was built on the base of triple criteria: Natural water cycle’s health degree (NWHD), Social water cycle’s rationality degree (SWRD) and Human-to-water fitness degree (HWFD). Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Entropy Mothed were applied to the evaluation model for Water-human harmony degree (WHHD). With relevant data of WHHI in Zhangye city, Gansu province, the state of the water-human relationship in Zhangye was assessed from each criterion angle and the result showed that water-human harmony situation as a whole was on the upswing, while the trouble of natural water cycle’s health was the biggest shortcoming in the process of harmonious development. This evaluation model can satisfy practical applications and reflect regional objective reality on water-human relationship, which has a certain guiding significance for regional water resource management.

scholarly journals Synthesizing a Regional Territorial Evapotranspiration Dataset for Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Linjiang Wang ◽  
Bingfang Wu ◽  
Abdelrazek Elnashar ◽  
Hongwei Zeng ◽  
Weiwei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Weighted Mean

As a vital role in the processes of the energy balance and hydrological cycles, actual evapotranspiration (ET) is relevant to many agricultural, ecological and water resource management studies. The available global or regional ET products provide ET estimations with various temporal ranges, spatial resolutions and calculation methods (algorithms, inputs and parameterization, etc.), leading to varying degrees of introduced uncertainty. Northern China is the main agriculturally productive region supporting the whole country; thus, understanding the spatial and temporal changes in ET is essential to ensure water resource and food security. We developed a synthesis ET dataset for Northern China at a 1000 m spatial resolution, with a monthly temporal resolution covering a period ranging from 1982 to 2017, using an in-depth assessment of several ET products. Specifically, assessments were performed using in situ measured ET from eddy covariance (EC) observation towers at the site-pixel scale over interannual months under the conditions of different land cover types, climatic zones and elevation levels to select the most optimally performing ET products to be used in the synthesized ET dataset. Eight indicators under 21 conditions were involved in the assessment sheet, while the statistics of the different ET product occurrences and corresponding ratios were analyzed to select the best-performing ET products to build the synthesis ET dataset using the weighted mean method. The weights were determined by the Taylor skill score (TSS), calculated with ET products and EC ET observation data. Based on the assessment results, the Penman–Monteith–Leuning (PML_v2), ETWatch and Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) datasets were selected for implementation in the synthesis ET dataset from 2003 to 2017, while Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) v3.3a, complementary relationship (CR) ET, and Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG) datasets were chosen for the synthesis ET dataset from 1982 to 2002. The weighted mean synthesized results from 2003 to 2017 performed well when compared to the in situ measured EC ET values produced under all of the above conditions, while the synthesized results from 1982 to 2002 performed well through the water balance method in Heihe River Basin. These results can provide more stable ET estimations for Northern China, which can contribute to relevant agricultural, ecological and hydrological studies.

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