scholarly journals Modelling the urban water system of Alexandria using the Aquacycle model

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Donia ◽  
Eleni Manoli ◽  
D. Assimacopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
National Level ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
New Paradigm

As in other cities in Egypt, water demand in the metropolitan area of Alexandria is rapidly increasing over time, as a result of urban expansion, amelioration of living standards and industrial development. As the River Nile is the main source of freshwater supply, concerns arise regarding a potential reduction in Alexandria's allocation quota, which could affect population growth at the national level, agricultural development plans and water demand increase in the upstream areas. In this context, demand management and diversification of urban water supply are gradually gaining momentum among local authorities. The transition to a new paradigm for urban water management, including closed-loop systems at different levels to meet increasing water demands, has been the focus of a recent research effort, within the framework of the European-Commission-funded SWITCH Integrated Project. One relevant activity, whose results are presented in this study, concerned the development of an urban water balance model for the metropolitan area of Alexandria. The model, which was created using the Aquacycle software package, was further used for the preliminary assessment of decentralised solutions at different spatial scales, in order to evaluate their application potential and effectiveness in reducing freshwater imports to and wastewater outflows from the city.

scholarly journals Urban Water Consumption at Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scales. A Review of Existing Datasets

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Anna Di Mauro ◽  
Andrea Cominola ◽  
Andrea Castelletti ◽  
Armando Di Nardo
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Urban Water Demand ◽  
Temporal Sampling ◽  
Smart Water

Over the last three decades, the increasing development of smart water meter trials and the rise of demand management has fostered the collection of water demand data at increasingly higher spatial and temporal resolutions. Counting these new datasets and more traditional aggregate water demand data, the literature is rich with heterogeneous urban water demand datasets. They are characterized by heterogeneous spatial scales—from urban districts, to households or individual water fixtures—and temporal sampling frequencies—from seasonal/monthly up to sub-daily (minutes or seconds). Motivated by the need of tracking the existing datasets in this rapidly evolving field of investigation, this manuscript is the first comprehensive review effort of the state-of-the-art urban water demand datasets. This paper contributes a review of 92 water demand datasets and 120 related peer-review publications compiled in the last 45 years. The reviewed datasets are classified and analyzed according to the following criteria: spatial scale, temporal scale, and dataset accessibility. This research effort builds an updated catalog of the existing water demand datasets to facilitate future research efforts end encourage the publication of open-access datasets in water demand modelling and management research.

scholarly journals Analysis of 220 Years of Floodplain Population Dynamics in the US at Different Spatial Scales

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Firoza Akhter ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni ◽  
Luigia Brandimarte
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we explore the long-term trends of floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales in the contiguous United States (U.S.). We exploit different types of datasets from 1790–2010—i.e., decadal spatial distribution for the population density in the US, global floodplains dataset, large-scale data of flood occurrence and damage, and structural and nonstructural flood protection measures for the US. At the national level, we found that the population initially settled down within the floodplains and then spread across its territory over time. At the state level, we observed that flood damages and national protection measures might have contributed to a learning effect, which in turn, shaped the floodplain population dynamics over time. Finally, at the county level, other socio-economic factors such as local flood insurances, economic activities, and socio-political context may predominantly influence the dynamics. Our study shows that different influencing factors affect floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales. These facts are crucial for a reliable development and implementation of flood risk management planning.

scholarly journals Rainwater Harvesting Potentials in Commercial Buildings in Dhaka: Reliability and Economic Analysis

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Md. Rezaul Karim ◽  
B. M. Sadman Sakib ◽  
Sk. Sadman Sakib ◽  
Monzur Alam Imteaz
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Catchment Areas

Despite numerous studies on residential rainwater tank, studies on commercial rainwater tank are scarce. Corporate authorities pay little heed on this sustainable feature. With the aim of encouraging corporate authorities, this study presents the feasibility and economic benefits of rainwater harvesting (RWH) in commercial buildings in the capital city of Bangladesh, where water authority struggles to maintain town water supply. The analysis was conducted using a daily water balance model under three climate scenarios (wet, dry and normal year) for five commercial buildings having catchment areas varying from 315 to 776 m2 and the storage tank capacity varying from 100 to 600 m3. It was found that for a water demand of 30 L per capita per day (lpcd), about 11% to 19% and 16% to 26.80% of the annual water demand can be supplemented by rainwater harvesting under the normal year and wet year climate conditions, respectively. The payback periods are found to be very short, only 2.25 to 3.75 years and benefit–cost (B/C) ratios are more than 1.0, even for building having the smallest catchment area (i.e., 315 m2) and no significant overflow would occur during monsoon, which leads to both economic and environmental benefits. Though the findings cannot be translated to other cities as those are dependent on factors like water price, interest rate, rainfall amount and pattern, however other cities having significant rainfall amounts should conduct similar studies to expedite implementations of widescale rainwater harvesting.

scholarly journals Integrating climate change adaptation in coastal governance of the Barcelona metropolitan area

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga J. Sauer ◽  
Elisabet Roca ◽  
Míriam Villares
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
National Level ◽  
Adaptation Planning ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Adaptive Governance ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Coastal Governance

AbstractCoastal cities are exposed to high risks due to climate change, as they are potentially affected by both rising sea levels and increasingly intense and frequent coastal storms. Socio-economic drivers also increase exposure to natural hazards, accelerate environmental degradation, and require adaptive governance structures to moderate negative impacts. Here, we use a social network analysis (SNA) combined with further qualitative information to identify barriers and enablers of adaptive governance in the Barcelona metropolitan area. By analyzing how climate change adaptation is mainstreamed between different administrative scales as well as different societal actors, we can determine the governance structures and external conditions that hamper or foster strategical adaptation plans from being used as operational adaptation tools. We identify a diverse set of stakeholders acting at different administrative levels (local to national), in public administration, science, civil society, and the tourism economy. The metropolitan administration acts as an important bridging organization by promoting climate change adaptation to different interest groups and by passing knowledge between actors. Nonetheless, national adaptation planning fails to take into account local experiences in coastal protection, which leads to an ineffective science policy interaction and limits adaptive management and learning opportunities. Overcoming this is difficult, however, as the effectiveness of local adaptation strategies in the Barcelona metropolitan area is very limited due to a strong centralization of power at the national level and a lack of polycentricity. Due to the high touristic pressure, the legal framework is currently oriented to primarily meet the demands of recreational use and tourism, prioritizing these aspects in daily management practice. Therefore, touristic and economic activities need to be aligned to adaptation efforts, to convert them from barriers into drivers for adaptation action. Our work strongly suggests that more effectively embedding adaptation planning and action into existing legal structures of coastal management would allow strategic adaptation plans to be an effective operational tool for local coastal governance.

scholarly journals Simulating a Stochastic Signal of Urban Water Demand by a Novel Combination of Data Analytic and Machine Learning Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 1058 (1) ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
Salah L. Zubaidi ◽  
Hussein Al-Bugharbee ◽  
Yousif Raad Muhsin ◽  
Sadik Kamel Gharghan ◽  
Khalid Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Stochastic Signal ◽  
Urban Water Demand ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Data Analytic

Regional Industrial Development under Liberal Economic Regime in Punjab

2021 ◽  
pp. 339-349
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Restructuring ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Economic Regime

The objective of this study was two-fold, firstly, it analysed industrial development trends and deceleration across major Indian states since 1980-81 and, investigated industrial development in Punjab, a mineral resources deprived and a land-locked state. It was important as the policy changed at the national level in 1991 and removed various benefits for industrial development in mineralresources deprived regions and economically backward regions. To analyse the objective, both primary as well as secondary information was used. Findings of the study highlighted that industrial restructuring took place across major states in India during 1980-81 to 2017-18. In general, economically poor states and mineral resources deprived states witnessed the deceleration of the industrial sector. The position of the industrial sector in Punjab declined as compared to other states and compared to its past. The discussions with various stakeholders, including sampled industrial units, representatives of industrial associations, etc., highlighted various economic and non-economic factors behind the ongoing industrial deceleration in Punjab.

A Fine Grained Forecasting Method for Minute-Level Urban Water Demand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunyu Wu ◽  
Pingwei Zhao ◽  
Miaoshun Bai ◽  
Jingcheng Wang ◽  
Yang Lan
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Urban Water Demand ◽  
Forecasting Method
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