scholarly journals Impact of treated wastewater on groundwater quality in the region of Tiznit (Morocco)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounir El Heloui ◽  
Rachida Mimouni ◽  
Fatima Hamadi
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The Tiznit region has an arid to semi-arid climate. Rainfall is scarce and the reuse of wastewater for crop irrigation is common, and consequently groundwater can be contaminated by chemical and biological pollutants. A wastewater treatment plant is constructed with the aim of producing water suitable for reuse in agriculture and reducing groundwater pollution. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of factors that may influence groundwater quality, namely wastewater reuse and fertilizer use in the region. Groundwater was collected monthly over 1 year from five shallow wells (P1–P5) and analysed for a range of physicochemical and microbiological parameters. Concentrations frequently exceeded the WHO standards for potable water. The average concentration of nitrate was 98 mg/L. Conductivity varied from 1,930 to 2,500 μS/cm over four of the wells but was 11,703 in P3, which was close to the treatment plant. Bacteriological contamination was also found, with total coliforms varying from 0 at P1 to 9,000 cfu/100 mL at P4 and fecal coliforms (FC) 0 in P1, P2, P3 and P5 but up to 250 FC/100 mL at P4. Fecal streptococci (FS) varied from 0 to 3,500 FS/100 mL at P4. These values widely exceeded the limit for bacteria in water (0 units/100 mL).

scholarly journals Environmentally friendly interlocking concrete paver blocks produced with treated wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2028-2035
Author(s):  
Adriano Luiz Tonetti ◽  
Natalia Cangussu Duarte ◽  
Mariana Rodrigues Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Parking Lot

Abstract This study aimed at supporting processes and techniques for minimization of water consumption in the production of concrete. For this purpose, the use of treated wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in interlocking concrete paver block (ICPB) production was evaluated. The treated wastewater was added in various dosages (0%, 50%, 75% and 100%) to the water used to produce cylindrical concrete samples. These samples were evaluated for compressive strength and water absorption tests. After these evaluations, the dosage of 100% treated wastewater for concrete production was established and ICPB were produced with this water composition. Subsequently, an area in a parking lot was replaced by ICPB produced with treated wastewater, and an equal area was replaced by ICPB produced with potable water. A comparison between parameters obtained for cylindrical samples and ICPB samples prepared with treated wastewater and those prepared with potable water indicated that wastewater reuse would be a good alternative for potable water consumption reduction in the concrete industry.

scholarly journals Hydrological and Environmental Impact of Wastewater Treatment and Reuse on Zarqa River Basin in Jordan

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Naser Almanaseer ◽  
Muna Hindiyeh ◽  
Raha Al-Assaf
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Zarqa River ◽  
The Impact

Treated wastewater is an important component of the water resource in Jordan. As Samra wastewater treatment plant—the largest treatment plant in Jordan—discharges ~110 MCM per year of secondary treated municipal wastewater to Zarqa River, and eventually to Jordan Valley. This research aims at assessing the impact of treated wastewater reuse on the hydrology and environment in the most vulnerable areas within Amman-Zarqa Basin, specifically from As Samra treatment plant to Jerash Bridge. Historical data is collected, field survey is performed, and chemical and biological analyses are performed at eleven selected locations along the study area. Afterwards, all collected data is managed using suitable tools to address the impact. The findings of this research demonstrate high improvement in biological and microbial parameters along the flow path, yet the salinity is increased downstream. It is found that this increase is due to brackish water intrusion, apparently from sandstone aquifer. Analysis of BOD and COD carried out as part of this research showed effective system recovery with COD reduction from 130 mg/L at the effluent to less than 50 mg/l in the downstream. Moreover, microbial activities are reduced, mainly due to self-purification in the river.

scholarly journals Estimation of water quality by UV/Vis spectrometry in the framework of treated wastewater reuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Carré ◽  
Jean Pérot ◽  
Vincent Jauzein ◽  
Liming Lin ◽  
Miguel Lopez-Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectrometry as a complementary method for routine monitoring of reclaimed water production. Robustness of the models and compliance of their sensitivity with current quality limits are investigated. The following indicators are studied: total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrate. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) is used to find linear correlations between absorbances and indicators of interest. Artificial samples are made by simulating a sludge leak on the wastewater treatment plant and added to the original dataset, then divided into calibration and prediction datasets. The models are built on the calibration set, and then tested on the prediction set. The best models are developed with: PLSR for COD (Rpred2 = 0.80), TSS (Rpred2 = 0.86) and turbidity (Rpred2 = 0.96), and with a simple linear regression from absorbance at 208 nm (Rpred2 = 0.95) for nitrate concentration. The input of artificial data significantly enhances the robustness of the models. The sensitivity of the UV/Vis spectrometry monitoring system developed is compatible with quality requirements of reclaimed water production processes.

Evaluation of phytotoxicity of effluents from activated sludge and constructed wetland system for wastewater reuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Leiva ◽  
Adrián Albarrán ◽  
Daniela López ◽  
Gladys Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Epicotyl Elongation ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Seeds Germination

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of wastewater treated with horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) and activated sludge (AS) system using disinfection treatment such chlorination and ultraviolet (UV) system. To assess the impact of the reuse of different effluents (HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV), bioassays using seeds of Raphanus sativus (R. sativus) and Triticum aestivum (T. aestivum), were performed on both Petri dishes and soil. Different treated wastewater concentrations were varied (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%) and the percentage of germination inhibition (PGI), percentage of epicotyl elongation (PEE) and germination index (GI) were determined. Positive effects (PGI and PEE <0% and GI >80%) of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV effluents on germination and epicotyl elongation of R. sativus and T. aestivum were observed in Petri dishes bioassays. However, toxic effects of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV and AS-Cl on seeds germination and epicotyl elongation of both plant species were detected in soil samples (PGI and PEE >0% and GI <80%). Only R. sativus seeds to be irrigated with AS-UV achieved GI values above 86% for all concentrations evaluated. These results indicated that AS-UV effluent had a positive effect on seeds germination and can be recommended for treated wastewater reuse in agricultural irrigation.

scholarly journals A survey of attitudes and acceptance of wastewater reuse in Iran: Shiraz City as a case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Baghapour ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shooshtarian ◽  
Babak Djahed
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Willingness To Use

People's attitudes are a key issue in the use of reclaimed wastewater. Unfortunately, there is not enough research on the use of reclaimed wastewater in developing countries such as Iran. The present study aimed to investigate public acceptance and citizens' attitudes toward reclaimed wastewater in Shiraz, Iran. A two-part questionnaire, designed to collect demographic data and information about people's willingness to reuse wastewater, was distributed among 562 citizens of Shiraz. The results showed that most respondents knew nothing about the chemical quality (67.4%) or microbiological quality (81.5%) of the wastewater treatment plant effluent. The maximum acceptance of treated wastewater use was related to public consumption (87%), car washing (85%) and flush tank (80%), respectively. The minimum acceptance was related to cooking and drinking (8%). Also, a significant correlation was observed between citizens' willingness to use reclaimed wastewater and variables such as level of education, gender, awareness of wastewater treatment process and awareness of quality of reclaimed wastewater. Shiraz citizens, like other people in the world, were less willing to use reclaimed wastewater for cooking, drinking, laundry and bathing, but their willingness was obviously greater in applications with less skin contact.

scholarly journals Impact on Gaza aquifer from recharge with partially treated wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami M. Hamdan ◽  
Abdelmajid Nassar ◽  
Uwe Troeger
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Impact

The Gaza Strip suffers from high pressure imposed on its water resources. There is a deficit of about 50 mm3 every year, which has led to a declination of groundwater level and deterioration of groundwater quality. New water resources are sought to fulfil the water deficit; among them is the artificial recharge of treated wastewater to groundwater. The impact of recharging partially treated wastewater in Gaza was tested through a pilot project implemented east of the existing wastewater treatment plant. The daily application of about 10,000 m3 of effluent to infiltration basins had an effect on the aquifer, which was monitored through the surrounding operating water wells over five years from 2000 until 2005. Although the monitored wells are operated for irrigation by farmers, impacts were clearly noticed. Groundwater levels improved and an increase in some areas of 0.6 m within three years was observed. The nitrate ion concentration also decreased in the groundwater due to nitrification processes. However, chloride ion, which indicates salinity, increased because the effluent has high chloride concentration. Boron levels increased in some areas to 0.5 mg/l, which could affect sensitive crops grown in the area.

Uniform protocol for wastewater UV validation applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
G. E. Whitby ◽  
O. Lawal ◽  
P. Ropic ◽  
S. Shima ◽  
B. Ferran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Delivery Performance ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Uv Dose

The treatment objective of an ultraviolet disinfection system used in a wastewater application is to protect the aquatic environment and users of water that receive discharges from wastewater treatment plants. To ensure this objective is adequately met it is important to validate, or verify equipment performance for a specific application. The widely accepted method for completing this validation is by determining the UV dose delivery performance using biodosimetry. Until now a standard bioassay did not exist for UV equipment that is used to disinfect treated wastewater from a biological treatment plant that is achieving an average effluent quality of less than 30 mg/L BOD/TSS and disinfection requirements of 126 cfu/100 mL E. coli over a 30 day geometric mean or 200 cfu/100 mL fecal coliforms over a 30 day geometric mean. A uniform bioassay for wastewater UV equipment that can be widely adopted by industry and regulatory bodies was developed and approved by the International Ultraviolet Association. This bioassay for UV equipment is described.

The reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural purposes in Nicaragua; Central America

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Platzer ◽  
V. Cáceres ◽  
N. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

The first subsurface flow wetland (SSFW) system for about 1,000 PE, was constructed in Nicaragua in 1996 to apply this technology in the form of an integral project, combining the treatment of domestic wastewater with its reuse for crop production in small and medium size communities. The SSFW-effluent meets all standards established in the national regulations for wastewater reuse in agriculture, except for faecal coliforms, existent at an average concentration of 7 × 104 MPN/100 ml. A conventional surface irrigation method was used to irrigate different crop species selected to establish their risk of contamination. To judge the potential health risk for consumers and farmers, samples of vegetables and fruits harvested in the dry seasons of the years 1997 to 2002, were analyzed for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms like faecal coliforms, salmonella and shigella. In addition, a yield comparison between crops irrigated with well water using chemical fertilizers, and crops irrigated with the effluent of the SSFW-system was made, to analyze the economical benefits of the wastewater reuse.

Wastewater reclamation using discarded reverse osmosis membranes for reuse in irrigation in Djibouti, an arid country

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1362-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osman Awaleh ◽  
Moussa Mahdi Ahmed ◽  
Youssouf Djibril Soubaneh ◽  
Farhan Bouraleh Hoch ◽  
Samatar Mohamed Bouh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Mineralized Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this paper is to establish the feasibility of recovering discarded reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in order to reduce the salinity of domestic treated wastewater. This study shows that the reuse of RO membranes is of particular interest for arid countries having naturally high mineralized water such as Djibouti. The pilot desalination unit reduces the electrical conductivity, the turbidity and the total dissolved salt respectively at 75–85, 96.7 and 95.4%. The water produced with this desalination unit contains an average of 254 cfu/100 mL total coliforms and 87 cfu/100 mL fecal coliforms. This effluent meets the World Health Organization standards for treated wastewater reuse for agricultural purposes. The annual cost of the desalination unit was evaluated as US $/m3 0.82, indicating the relatively high cost of this process. Nevertheless, such processes are required to produce an effluent, with a high reuse potential.

Reuse of constructed wetland effluents for irrigation of energy crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1465-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barbagallo ◽  
A. C. Barbera ◽  
G. L. Cirelli ◽  
M. Milani ◽  
A. Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

The aim of this study was to evaluate biomass production of promising ‘no-food’ energy crops, Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Nash, Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu. and Arundo donax (L.), irrigated with low quality water at different evapotranspiration restitutions. Two horizontal subsurface flow (H-SSF) constructed wetland (CW) beds, with different operation life (12 and 6 years), were used to treat secondary municipal wastewaters for crop irrigation. Water chemical, physical and microbiological parameters as well as plant bio-agronomic characters were evaluated. The results confirm the high reliability of CWs for tertiary wastewater treatment given that the H-SSF1 treatment capacity remained largely unchanged after 12 years of operation. Average total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal for CWs were about 68, 58 and 71%, respectively. The Escherichia coli removal was satisfactory, about 3.3 log unit for both CW beds on average, but caution should be taken as this parameter did not achieve the restrictive Italian law limits for wastewater reuse. The average above-ground dry matter productions were 7 t ha−1 for Vetiveria zizanoides, 24 t ha−1 for Miscanthus × giganteus and 50 t ha−1 for Arundo donax. These results highlight attractive biomass yield by using treated wastewater for irrigation with a complete restitution of evapotranspiration losses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document