Adsorption of MIB by activated carbons produced using several activation techniques

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
R. McCallum ◽  
F. Roddick ◽  
M. Hobday
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Water treatment authorities use activated carbon as the best available technology to remove low molecular weight organic compounds from potable water. In Australia, pollutants of concern include secondary metabolites from bacterial and cyanobacterial blooms which are highly odorous and, in some cases, toxic. Of these compounds, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) is one of the most common and its unpleasant musty earthy odour can be detected at or above approximately 10 ng/L. Difficulties in using activated carbon to target such small organic compounds arise when the water has high concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM), as these compounds also adsorb on activated carbon. The adsorption of NOM on activated carbon increases the cost of using this material in water treatment due to competition with the target organic compounds, reducing the capacity of the activated carbon for the latter. The surface of activated carbon can be tailored during production to provide physical and chemical characteristics that can either aid or hinder the adsorption of particular compounds. One source of activated carbon currently under investigation at RMIT University is brown coal char waste from power stations. This waste, currently disposed of to landfill, is potentially an option for activated carbon production. This material has the advantage that it has already been carbonised at around 500°C in the power generation process. This means that less energy is required to produce activated carbon from power station char compared to coal, making the final product cheaper to produce. Previous work at RMIT has shown that steam activated power station char can remove organic compounds from water. Production of a range of activated carbons from power station char (PSC) was undertaken using different activation methods, including steam activation, steam activation with acid pre-treatment, alkali heat treatment, and Lewis acid heat treatment. The different activation methods produced activated carbons with different pore size distributions, in particular, the acid pre-treatment increased the surface area and porosity significantly compared with steam activation, and the alkali treatment increased the microporosity. Adsorption of MIB on these activated carbons was evaluated to determine the relationship between physical and chemical interactions of the activated carbon and adsorption. Adsorption of MIB on these activated carbons was found to be dependent on the secondary micropore volume. Lewis acid treatment and alkali treatment was not involved in the generation of many of these secondary pores, hence carbons from these treatments did not perform well in adsorption tests. The best adsorption results were achieved with steam activated or acid treated steam activated samples which performed comparably to commercial products. Initial results showed that competition from NOM adsorption was lowest with the PSC activated carbons, allowing greater adsorption of MIB, compared with the commercial activated carbons.

scholarly journals Optimization of Activated Carbons Prepared byH3PO4and Steam Activation of Oil Palm Shells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daouda Kouotou ◽  
Horace Ngomo Manga ◽  
Abdelaziz Baçaoui ◽  
Abdelrani Yaacoubi ◽  
Joseph Ketcha Mbadcam
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Two Factors

In this study, activated carbons were prepared from oil palm shells by physicochemical activation. The methodology of experimental design was used to optimize the preparation conditions. The influences of the impregnation ratio (0.6–3.4) and the activation temperature between 601°C and 799°C on the following three responses: activated carbon yield (R/AC-H3PO4), the iodine adsorption (I2/AC-H3PO4), and the methylene blue adsorption (MB/AC-H3PO4) results were investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify the significant parameters. Under the experimental conditions investigated, the activation temperature of 770°C and impregnation ratio of 2/1 leading to the R/AC-H3PO4of 52.10%, theI2/AC-H3PO4of 697.86 mg/g, and the MB/AC-H3PO4of 346.25 mg/g were found to be optimum conditions for producing activated carbon with well compromise of desirability. The two factors had both synergetic and antagonistic effects on the three responses studied. The micrographs of activated carbons examined with scanning electron microscopy revealed that the activated carbons were found to be mainly microporous and mesoporous.

scholarly journals Waste biomass as sources for activated carbon production-A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MA Rouf
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Active Carbons ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A review of the production of activated carbons from waste biomass has been presented. The effects of various process parameters on the pyrolysis stage have been reviewed. Influences of activating conditions, physical and chemical, on the active carbon properties have been discussed. Under certain process conditions several active carbons with BET surface areas, ranging between 250 and 2410 m2/g and pore volumes of 0.022 and 91.4 cm3/g, have been produced. A comparison in characteristics and uses of activated carbons from waste biomass with those of commercial carbons has been made. Waste biomass being highly efficient, low cost and renewable sources of activated carbon production. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(4), 347-364, 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.14064

scholarly journals Regeneration of Activated Carbons Spent by Waste Water Treatment Using KOH Chemical Activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Park ◽  
Gi Bbum Lee ◽  
Bum Ui Hong ◽  
Sang Youp Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
X Ray

In this study, spent activated carbons (ACs) were collected from a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) in Incheon, South Korea, and regenerated by heat treatment and KOH chemical activation. The specific surface area of spent AC was 680 m2/g, and increased up to 710 m2/g through heat treatment. When the spent AC was activated by the chemical agent potassium hydroxide (KOH), the surface area increased to 1380 m2/g. The chemically activated ACs were also washed with acetic acid (CH3COOH) to compare the effect of ash removal during KOH activation. The low temperature N2 adsorption was utilized to measure the specific surface areas and pore size distributions of regenerated ACs by heat treatment and chemical activation. The functional groups and adsorbed materials on ACs were also analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. The generated ash was confirmed by proximate analysis and elementary analysis. The regenerated ACs were tested for toluene adsorption, and their capacities were compared with commercial ACs. The toluene adsorption capacity of regenerated ACs was higher than commercial ACs. Therefore, it is a research to create high value-added products using the waste.

scholarly journals Coal-Based Activated Carbons for the Removal of Sulphur Dioxide via Adsorption

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 803-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Youssef ◽  
M.R. Mostafa ◽  
E.M. Dorgham
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Pore Widening

Zinc chloride-activated carbons and steam-activated carbons were prepared from Maghara coal. The textural properties were determined from low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Zinc chloride activation is usually associated with the creation of new micropores while steam activation involves pore widening particularly when the percentage burn-off is high. The adsorption of SO2 on steam-activated carbon is high compared with ZnCl2-activated carbons. Steam activation develops surface basic groups which provide chemisorption sites for SO2. The adsorption of SO2 is enhanced in the presence of O2 and water vapour and involves the formation of sulphuric acid in this case. Sulphur dioxide adsorption is related to the chemistry of the carbon surface rather than to the extent of the surface area of the activated carbon.

Improvement of mesoporosity of activated carbons from PET by novel pre-treatment for steam activation

Carbon ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Tamon ◽  
K Nakagawa ◽  
T Suzuki ◽  
S Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Pre Treatment

Physical and Chemical Activation Effect on Activated Carbon Prepared from Local Pineapple Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Yacob ◽  
Adlina Azmi ◽  
Mohd Khairul Asyraf Amat Mustajab
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The characteristics and quality of activated carbons prepared depending on the chemical and physical properties of the starting materials and the activation method used. In this study, activated carbon prepared using pineapple waste. Three parts of pineapple waste which comprises of peel, crown and leaf were studied. For comparison activated carbon were prepared by both physical and chemical activation respectively. Three types of chemicals were used, phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The preparation includes carbonization at 200°C and activation at the 400°C using muffle furnace. The chemical characterization of the activated carbon was carried out using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Nitrogen gas adsorption analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The highest BET surface area was achieved when the pineapple peel soaked in 20% phosphoric acid with a surface area of 1115 m2g-1. FTIR analysis indicates that the reacted pineapple waste successfully converted into activated carbons.

Microwave-Alkali Activation on the Morphology and Structure of Bamboo Activated Carbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlena Hamzah ◽  
Mahanim Sarif ◽  
Farah Nur Zaiham Zulkifli ◽  
Nur Hamizah Ismail ◽  
Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A study was conducted for production of activated carbon (AC) from industrial bamboo waste using carbonization and Microwave-alkali (Mw-A) activation techniques. The aim of the study is to produce activated carbon with higher surface area via Mw-A activation techniques. The study was focused on the effect of activation (KOH soaking and Mw-A) and carbonization temperature (400oC and 500oC) on the physical and chemical structure of AC. The analysis was conducted using proximate analysis, BET surface area, FESEM and FTIR analysis. The morphology and characteristic study on activated carbon shown that Mw-A activation techniques gave higher BET surface area and well develop pore structure. The results indicated that Mw-A activation of activated carbon gave BET surface area of 950m2g-1, whereas by using steam activation only 719 m2g-1 of BET surface area was recorded. Higher carbonization temperature for Mw-A treated bamboo produced higher surface area of AC. At 500oC, 1578m2g-1 BET surface area of AC was achieved. This work highlighted, Mw-A activation can be applied and further enhanced to obtain higher surface area of activated carbon derived from industrial bamboo waste.

scholarly journals Fate of Trace Organic Compounds in Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Adsorbers for Drinking Water Treatment

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sperlich ◽  
Mareike Harder ◽  
Frederik Zietzschmann ◽  
Regina Gnirss
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Trace Organic Compounds ◽  
Trace Organic

scholarly journals Integrated approach in treatment of solid olive residue and olive wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Altalhi ◽  
A. Abd El-moemen ◽  
Mohamed M. Ibrahim ◽  
Amine Mezni ◽  
Ibrahim Hotan Alsohaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Olive Residue ◽  
By Products

Abstract Olive oil production processes breed two kinds of environmentally detriment waste by-products; the solid olive residue (SOR) and olive waste water (OWW) by-products. The current work aims to treat simultaneously both wastes in the same location. The solid olive residue was converted to activated carbon with pyrolysis at 600°C, followed by steam activation at 600, 700 and 800°C. The produced activated carbons were investigated by FTIR, SEM, BET surface areas analyzer and iodine number. The surface area increases with increasing stream activation temperature up to 800°C (1020 m2/g BET). However, steam activation at 700°C is most environmental and economically feasible, because increasing the activation temperature from 700 to 800°C increases the surface area only from 979 to 1020 m2/g. Activated carbon steam cured at 700°C shows high removal capacity of both polyphenolic compounds and COD of OWW. 95.5% of COD and 84.2% of polyphenolic compounds was removed after equilibrium with activated carbon for 2 hours at room temperature.

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