Carbon nanotube composite membranes for small ‘designer’ water treatment systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiou Huang ◽  
Howard Fairbrother ◽  
Benoit Teychene ◽  
Gaurav Ajmani ◽  
Talia Abbott Chalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Filtration Cycle

Small water systems that serve fewer than a few thousand persons are often less safe and less sustainable than large drinking water systems due to lack of suitable technologies. This ongoing research aims to develop a novel water treatment technology for small communities. By layering structured, functional carbon nanotubes (CNT) onto low pressure membranes (LPMs), composite membranes were prepared to remove different organic and inorganic contaminants from water, including heavy metals, viruses, natural organic matter, and organic micropollutants. The removal efficiencies varied from over 99.9% (for cadmium) to above 60% (for humic substances). A low-cost CNT formed an antifouling layer that removed membrane foulants by depth filtration, thereby extending the membrane filtration cycle over five-fold. When the CNTs were layered inside hollow fiber membranes, superb backwashable properties were observed, allowing the operation of CNT-modified membranes under full-scale treatment conditions. Moreover, a systematic study of CNT rejection by LPMs found that commercially available LPMs efficiently prevented CNT breakthrough, thus ensuring nanosafety of the treated water. By varying the composition and structure of functional CNT layers, energy-efficient composite membranes may be economically produced for designer water treatment systems and applied in small communities.

MASALAH DAN ALTERNATIF TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR UNTUK MASYARAKAT MISKIN KOTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Daily Water

Clean water to poor communities who live in crowded municipal area is stillexpensive and a luxury. This condition is evidenced by the number of people whouse ground water for their daily water, because water taps still seems expensivefor them. Diarrheal disease is still relatively high for Indonesia, where nearly 16thousand people suffer from diarrhea due to poor sanitation. To help the poor inthe city, there are several alternative technologies that can be applied to publicaccess to clean water and adequate low-cost, including ground water treatmenttechnology with a filter system equipped with an ultraviolet sterilizer, or ozonegenerators, or using ultrafiltration, if possible can also use the reverse osmosismembrane that for fresh water. Arsinum is the best alternative should be chosenfor fulfilled potable water in slump area.Keywords : Sanitation, water treatment technology, portable water, low-cost, slump area

Low-cost water treatment system using submerged membrane filtration in developing countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (39) ◽  
pp. 18101-18108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Miyoshi ◽  
Tjandra Setiadi ◽  
Agus Jatnika Effendi ◽  
Hiroyuki Maeda ◽  
Takashi Tsukaraha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment System

scholarly journals Recent Achievements in Polymer Bio-Based Flocculants for Water Treatment

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Maćczak ◽  
Halina Kaczmarek ◽  
Marta Ziegler-Borowska
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Solid Liquid

Polymer flocculants are used to promote solid–liquid separation processes in potable water and wastewater treatment. Recently, bio-based flocculants have received a lot of attention due to their superior advantages over conventional synthetic polymers or inorganic agents. Among natural polymers, polysaccharides show many benefits such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, ability to undergo different chemical modifications, and wide accessibility from renewable sources. The following article provides an overview of bio-based flocculants and their potential application in water treatment, which may be an indication to look for safer alternatives compared to synthetic polymers. Based on the recent literature, a new approach in searching for biopolymer flocculants sources, flocculation mechanisms, test methods, and factors affecting this process are presented. Particular attention is paid to flocculants based on starch, cellulose, chitosan, and their derivatives because they are low-cost and ecological materials, accepted in industrial practice. New trends in water treatment technology, including biosynthetic polymers, nanobioflocculants, and stimulant-responsive flocculants are also considered.

Piped Drinking Water Sampling Plan for Small Water Systems in Singapore - A Regulator's Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav S. Joshi ◽  
Ramnath Vaidyanathan ◽  
Lam Chun Hsiang ◽  
S Satish Appoo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Economy Of Scale ◽  
Organizational Controls ◽  
Piped Water

Small piped drinking water systems pose a unique challenge to the regulatory authorities since the owners/operators of such systems often lack technical expertise, resources and organizational controls to effectively operate their treatment systems, unlike the large utilities that have the economy of scale to address these issues in an optimal manner. With the discovery of new non-conventional sources of water and the continuous development of low-cost water treatment processes, the number of small suppliers is likely to grow worldwide in the future, especially in those remote areas/islands where drinking water is not easily available. In order to ensure that these suppliers are able to detect any health risk to the consumers in a timely manner, it is imperative to develop a water sampling plan that is comprehensive enough, yet flexible and practical to implement. This paper highlights Singapore's regulatory experience in prescribing, developing and monitoring the implementation of piped water sampling plans by small water suppliers.

scholarly journals Comparison of five point-of-use drinking water technologies using a specialized comparison framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Siwila ◽  
Isobel C. Brink
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Comparison Results

Abstract Three novel and two commercially available low-cost point-of-use (PoU) water treatment technologies were comparatively evaluated using a specialized comparison framework targeted at them. The comparison results and specialized framework have been discussed. The PoU systems were evaluated principally in terms of performance, flow rate and cost per volume of water treated (quantitatively), ease of use, potential acceptability and material availability (qualitatively) with main focus on rural and suburban settings. The three novel systems assessed were developed in an ongoing research project aimed at developing a multibarrier low-cost PoU water treatment system. The comparative evaluation and analysis revealed that the commercially available systems may often produce water free of pathogens (with an apparent 100% removal for Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms) but may not be affordable for application to the poorest groups in much of the developing world. The novel systems, which were principally constructed from local materials, were more affordable, can supply relatively safe water and can be constructed by users with minimal training. Overall, bacterial removal effectiveness, ease of use, flow rate, material availability, cost and acceptability aspects of water were identified as key to potential adoption and sustainability of the evaluated low-cost PoU systems.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Nanocellulose Functionalized–Hybrid Membranes and Application in Water Quality Improvement

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Sandrine Mbakop ◽  
Lebea N. Nthunya ◽  
Maurice S. Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Processing Technologies

The increasing discharge of voluminous non or partially treated wastewaters characterized by complex contaminants poses significant ecological and health risks. Particularly, this practice impacts negatively on socio-economic, technological, industrial, and agricultural development. Therefore, effective control of water pollution is imperative. Over the past decade, membrane filtration has been established as an effective and commercially attractive technology for the separation and purification of water. The performance of membrane-based technologies relies on the intrinsic properties of the membrane barrier itself. As a result, the development of innovative techniques for the preparation of highly efficient membranes has received remarkable attention. Moreover, growing concerns related to cost-effective and greener technologies have induced the need for eco-friendly, renewable, biodegradable, and sustainable source materials for membrane fabrication. Recently, advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of new high-tech nanomaterials from natural polymers (e.g., cellulose) for the preparation of environmentally benign nanocomposite membranes. The synthesis of nanocomposite membranes using nanocelluloses (NCs) has become a prominent research field. This is attributed to the exceptional characteristics of these nanomaterials (NMs) namely; excellent and tuneable surface chemistry, high mechanical strength, low-cost, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and renewability. For this purpose, the current paper opens with a comprehensive yet concise description of the various types of NCs and their most broadly utilized production techniques. This is closely followed by a critical review of how NC substrates and their surface-modified versions affect the performance of the fabricated NC-based membranes in various filtration processes. Finally, the most recent processing technologies for the preparation of functionalized NCs-based composite membranes are discussed in detail and their hybrid characteristics relevant to membrane filtration processes are highlighted.

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