Interception of sediment-liberated phosphate in a surface aquatic system for eutrophication control

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Ge Gao ◽  
Shengjiong Yang ◽  
Huining Xu ◽  
Mawuli Dzakpasu ◽  
Pengkang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Internal Loading ◽  
Aquatic System ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Eutrophication Control ◽  
Actual Application

Abstract Phosphorus internal loading from the sediment of a surface aquatic system is considered to be the primary source of phosphorus responsible for eutrophication. In this study, we propose a possible solution to intercept phosphorus liberated from sediment to overlying water by a membranous nano-barrier (MNB) with tunable capacity. The equilibrium could be attained within 2 h when the MNB interacted with phosphate-containing water. The intercepting capacity was almost unaffected when the solution pH was varied from 4 to 10. The laboratory-scale trial showed that the MNB could positively intercept phosphorus liberated from sediment when the MNB covered the sediment, and the MNB was easy to replace once it became phosphate saturated, making its actual application feasible. Generally, the novel MNB can be considered to be a possible pathway for eutrophication control in shallow surface aquatic systems and scenic water.

Contemporary issues in watershed and water quality modeling for eutrophication control

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Robert V. Thomann ◽  
Lewis C. Linker
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Water Quality Modeling ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Chesapeake Bay Watershed ◽  
Eutrophication Control ◽  
Quality Modeling

Three issues are discussed: controllability of nonpoint nutrient loadings using watershed models; the sometimes counter intuitive results from eutrophication models from nutrient controls for coastal waters; and the potential significant interaction of improvement in habitat for suspension feeding bivalves. For the Chesapeake Bay watershed model, and for Limit of Technology (LOT) controls, a 16% and 45% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, is calculated. For the Bay, it is concluded that removal of phosphorus only is less effective than nitrogen in improving bottom water DO because of differential transport of nitrogen downstream. For the Delaware estuary, a significant decline in phytoplankton chlorophyll has been observed in the absence of any nutrient controls but in the presence of improved DO. A simple model is offered that hypothesized an increase in benthic bivalve filtration of overlying water as a result of improvement in DO.

scholarly journals Techniques of Translating Interjection in the Novel “Looking For Alaska” in Terms of Functions, Meanings, and Categories

E-Structural ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Muhammad Izzul Wahid ◽  
Achmad Basari
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The objective of this research is to find out the functions, meanings, and categories of interjections, and the translation technique practiced by the Indonesian translator to translate English interjection found in the novel Looking for Alaska or Mencari Alaska in Indonesian. This research is adopting a descriptive qualitative, with the novel of Looking for Alaska and Mencari Alaska as the primary source of the data. Since the data collection of interjections is found in the book, it can be classified as content analysis. The researchers found out that there are six translation techniques used by the translators to translate interjections, six kinds of interjections in terms of functions and meanings, and three kinds of interjections in terms of categories found in the novel. Those six translation techniques are 164 interjections (41,21%) for literal translation technique, 49 interjections (12,31%) for translation by using an interjection with similar meaning and form technique, 61 interjection (15,33%) for translation by using an interjection with different forms, but the same meaning, 11 interjections (2,76%) for partly deleted omission technique, 9 interjections (2,26%) for total deleted omission technique, 8 interjections (2,01%) for addition technique, 58 interjections (10,80%) for pure borrowing technique, and 53 interjections (13,32%) for naturalized borrowing technique. From the research finding of the interjection regarding functions and meanings, there is a total of 419 types of English interjections where the researchers divided into six classes. Those types of function are: 5 (1,19%) data of interjection are used to greet, 35 (8,35%) data of interjection are used to express joy, 57 (13,37%) data of interjection are used to get attention, 169 (40,33) data of interjection are used to express approval, 120 (28,64%) data of interjection are used to express a surprise, and 34 (8,11) data of interjection used to express sorrow. Then from the research finding of interjection regarding category, there is a total of 419 data of English interjections where the researchers divided into three classes, those classes are 72 (17,18%) data of primary interjection, 336 (80,19%) data of secondary, and 11 (2,63%) data of onomatopoeic interjection. The findings of this study show that the translation techniques mostly used by the translators to translate an English interjection is translation by literal translation and translation by borrowing technique. In contrast, the least used translation technique is the addition technique that the translators rarely used it to translate the interjection.Keywords: Interjection, Interjection Translation, Looking for Alaska, Mencari Alaska, Translation Technique.

Extraction of Preformed Mixed Phase Graphene Sheets from Graphitized Coal by Fungal Leaching

2017 ◽  
pp. 287-299
Author(s):  
Manoj Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Carbon Nanostructure ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Bio Imaging ◽  
Potential Use

The potential use of coal as source of carbon nano structure is seldom investigated. Herein we report a facile fungal solubilization method to extract mixed phase carbon structure from low grade coal. Coal had been used as a primary source for the production of carbon nanostructure with novel property, in addition to its main utility as a fuel. The major hurdle in its application is the inherent mineral embedded in it. An environmentally benign demineralization procedure make coal as a widely accepted precursor for the novel carbon materials. With Aspergiilus niger leaching, the randomly oriented preformed crystalline mixed phase nanocarbon in coal can be extracted. Raman studies revealed the presence of E2g scattering mode of graphite. The sp3 domains at ~1355 cm-1 (D band) is an indication of diamond like structure with disorder or defect. In the 2D region, multilayer stacking of graphene layers is noticed. The ratio of the defect to graphitic bands was found to be decreasing with increasing rank of coal. Bio leaching of coal enhances the carbon content in coal while eliminating the associated minerals in it. These defected carbon is an ideal material for graphene quantum dots and carbon dots, which are useful in drug delivery and bio imaging applications.

George Eliot's Estuarial Form

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-217
Author(s):  
Kyle McAuley
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Mill On The Floss ◽  
Ecological Form ◽  
Near Future

This essay recasts the central locale of The Mill on the Floss in order to show how the geography and society of George Eliot's novel function together as a conjoined ecological system. I show that the port at St. Ogg's is set on an estuary, and from this observation, I claim that the entanglement of multiple estuarial waters provides a formal model for the overall ecology of the novel. Referring to this system as “ecological form,” the essay shows how the characters’ misunderstanding of the estuarial nature of the St. Ogg's hydrography is the primary source of the communal divisions with which the novel is so famously riven. In so doing, this essay makes two methodological interventions, one local, and one slightly more global. In the first, I show how unsticking the progression of our criticism from that of a novel's plot—especially one with such a catastrophically strong telos as Mill’s—can allow us to view form and, particularly, geography as newly vital to literary history. This leads to the second intervention, in which I suggest that reading practices in an age of environmental collapse should look beyond disaster itself and toward affected communities’ systemic ties to those extraneous systems—economic, legal, imperial—that aid and abet disasters elsewhere and even ignore the potential for catastrophic reoccurrence in the near future. In other words, reading for water readily yields a wide-ranging map of global capitalism perhaps unexpectedly centered on a small town in Lincolnshire.

scholarly journals Haemocompatibility and ion exchange capability of nanocellulose polypyrrole membranes intended for blood purification

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (73) ◽  
pp. 1943-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ferraz ◽  
Daniel O. Carlsson ◽  
Jaan Hong ◽  
Rolf Larsson ◽  
Bengt Fellström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Isotonic Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Heparin Coating ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Cellulose Composite

Composites of nanocellulose and the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) are presented as candidates for a new generation of haemodialysis membranes. The composites may combine active ion exchange with passive ultrafiltration, and the large surface area (about 80 m 2 g −1 ) could potentially provide compact dialysers. Herein, the haemocompatibility of the novel membranes and the feasibility of effectively removing small uraemic toxins by potential-controlled ion exchange were studied. The thrombogenic properties of the composites were improved by applying a stable heparin coating. In terms of platelet adhesion and thrombin generation, the composites were comparable with haemocompatible polymer polysulphone, and regarding complement activation, the composites were more biocompatible than commercially available membranes. It was possible to extract phosphate and oxalate ions from solutions with physiological pH and the same tonicity as that of the blood. The exchange capacity of the materials was found to be 600 ± 26 and 706 ± 31 μmol g −1 in a 0.1 M solution (pH 7.4) and in an isotonic solution of phosphate, respectively. The corresponding values with oxalate were 523 ± 5 in a 0.1 M solution (pH 7.4) and 610 ± 1 μmol g −1 in an isotonic solution. The heparinized PPy–cellulose composite is consequently a promising haemodialysis material, with respect to both potential-controlled extraction of small uraemic toxins and haemocompatibility.

scholarly journals Assuaging Microalgal Harvesting Woes via Attached Growth: A Critical Review to Produce Sustainable Microalgal Feedstock

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11159
Author(s):  
Nurulfarah Adilah Rosmahadi ◽  
Wai-Hong Leong ◽  
Hemamalini Rawindran ◽  
Yeek-Chia Ho ◽  
Mardawani Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Microalgal Cultivation ◽  
Harvesting Technique

Third-generation biofuels that are derived from microalgal biomass have gained momentum as a way forward in the sustainable production of biodiesel. Such efforts are propelled by the intention to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels as the primary source of energy. Accordingly, growing microalgal biomass in the form of suspended cultivation has been a conventional technique for the past few decades. To overcome the inevitable harvesting shortcomings arising from the excessive energy and time needed to separate the planktonic microalgal cells from water medium, researchers have started to explore attached microalgal cultivation systems. This cultivation mode permits the ease of harvesting mature microalgal biomass, circumventing the need to employ complex harvesting techniques to single out the cells, and is economically attractive. However, the main bottleneck associated with attached microalgal growth is low biomass production due to the difficulties the microalgal cells have in forming attachment and populating thereafter. In this regard, the current review encompasses the novel techniques adopted to promote attached microalgal growth. The physicochemical effects such as the pH of the culture medium, hydrophobicity, as well as the substratum surface properties and abiotic factors that can determine the fate of exponential growth of attached microalgal cells, are critically reviewed. This review aims to unveil the benefits of an attached microalgal cultivation system as a promising harvesting technique to produce sustainable biodiesel for lasting applications.

scholarly journals MORAL VALUES ANALYSIS IN THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL BY JOHN GREEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusril Ihza Mahendra ◽  
Dina Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
A Value ◽  
Living Things

Moral Value is a value that affects individual and social behavior in behaving. The current study aimedto find the categories of moral values that John Green tries to convey in The Fault in Our Stars noveland to interpret its meaning by using the theory of Universal Moral Values by Kinnier et. al with fourmajor moral values. To be able to understand moral values in the story without misinterpretation andthe lessons can be applied in real life. This study used the qualitative method because it focuses ondescribing and interpreting the moral values in descriptive. The primary source of data is taken fromthe novel The Fault in Our Stars in the form of narrations and the secondary data is from previousstudies in the form of statements that comes from the study findings. The results of the current studyshow that the categories of moral values found in the novel are (1) Commitment to something greaterthan oneself, (2) Self-respect, but with humility, self-discipline, and acceptance of personalresponsibility, and (3) Respect and caring for others, while the moral value that is not found is (4)Caring for other living things and environment which indicates that John Green inserted moral valuesin the novel more about the personal lives of the characters and the relationships between them, whichto civilize it, readers, to have the moral as an individual, being good to other people and to believe tosomething greater.

scholarly journals Postcolonialism, Islamophobia and Inserting Islam Facts in African-American Fiction: Umm Zakiyyah’s If I Should Speak

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Nadira Brioua
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
American Fiction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Materials ◽  
Do So

Islam has been growing quickly in the world, yet it is a predominately misunderstood religion. Othering Islam through media propaganda and western writings, and mis associating it with some assumptions are still rampant. Thus, the researcher attempts at showing these assumptions stereotypical prejudgments of Islam and Muslims that are commonly associated with Western assumptions resulted in Islamophobia and exploring the role of counter-discourses in contemporary Black-American Fiction by analyzing Umm Zakiyyah’s If I Should Speak and showing to what extents the novel has an important role in correcting assumptions and narrating the Islamic facts. Thus, this article highlights Umm Zakiyyah’s narrative of Islam’s truth within its historical sources the Qur’an and the Sunnah. The paper analyses Umm Zakiyyah’s reconsideration of Islam’s truth, by focusing on the meaning of Islam and being a Muslim. To do so, this qualitative and non-empirical research is conducted in a descriptive-theoretical analysis, using the selected novel as a primary source and library and online critical materials, such as books and journal articles, as secondary references. Based on the analysis, it is found that Umm Zakiyyah narrates Islam and Muslims to counter the West’s negative view on Islam. Furthermore, based on the story, the power of Muslim self-identification within the historical transparent knowledge based on the Quran’s perspectives leads to the conversion of Tamika Douglass, proving that Islam can be perceived positively by non-Muslims; in this case, it is represented within its subjectivity. It is found that the novel can be a tool of Islamic da’wah [call for the faith]. Hence, the Muslim writers and novelists should write to solve the challenges facing Muslims and the Ummah by Islamizing English fiction.

scholarly journals Sulfur Development in the Water-Sediment System of the Algae Accumulation Embay Area in Lake Taihu

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Shiguang Shao ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yiheng Du ◽  
Kaining Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Acid Volatile Sulfide ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Eutrophication Control ◽  
Algae Blooms ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Eutrophic Shallow Lakes

Sulfur development in water-sediment systems is closely related to eutrophication and harmful algae blooms (HABs). However, the development of sulfur in water-sediment systems during heavy algae accumulation still remains unclear, especially in hyper-eutrophic shallow lakes. In this study, a quarterly field investigation was carried out for a year in the algae accumulated embay area of Lake Taihu, accompanied by a short-term laboratory experiment on algae accumulation. The results show that hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol dominated the volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in the water during non-accumulation seasons, whereas the concentrations of dimethyl sulfides increased during heavy algae accumulation, both in the field and the laboratory. An increase in the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) in the surface sediments was also discovered together with the increase in dimethyl sulfides. The depletion of oxygen in the overlying water and sediment–water interface during the heavy algae accumulation and decomposition was found to be closely related to both the increase in VSCs in the overlying water and increase in AVS in the sediment. The increased concentrations of these reductive sulfocompounds might aggravate the eutrophication and HABs and should be given more consideration in future eutrophication control plans for lakes.

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