scholarly journals Assessment of contamination level of a Tanzanian river system with respect to trace metallic elements and their fate in the environment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netsanet Muluneh Gebreyohannes ◽  
Mwemezi J. Rwiza ◽  
Wilson Leonidas Mahene ◽  
Revocatus L. Machunda
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
River System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Fe Content

Abstract The quality of water and sediments from a marginally-studied river was investigated with respect to As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn including their fractionation behavior and environmental risk. Samples were collected along the Kou River that flows across two districts in the Manyara region of Tanzania. The leaching behavior of Fe was studied using sequential extraction fractionation and kinetics approach. The Kou water failed to meet the irrigation, aquatic, and biological life standards with respect to one of more trace metallic elements (TMEs). Fe concentration in the river water ranged from 4.1 to 5.38 mg/L exceeding all the three standards. Six pollution indices were applied to assess the contamination and ecological risks of the nine trace metallic elements in the sediments. Overall, the metals were found to moderately contaminate the sediments. Cr, Fe, and Mn fell under the ‘severely polluted’ sediment quality class. Fe was the only metal that was found to significantly pollute both the river water and sediments. The Fe fractions in the sediments were in the order of residuals>Fe-Mn bound>organic bound>carbonate bound>water soluble>ion exchangeable. 7.8% of the total Fe content was bioavailable with a low potential to leach from the sediments. Under natural conditions, the sharpest release of the non-residual mobile fractions of Fe were identified to occur within the first 24 hours with the maximum Fe leached being 0.14% on the 12th day. None of the metals in the sediments were found with a potential to pose ecological risk.

scholarly journals Applying of pollution indices as a monitoring tool for assessment of water quality in Tigris River, Baiji district, Salah alden governorate

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Mahmood Fadhil Abed1 ◽  
Salwa Hadi Ahmed2
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Metal Pollution Index ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Quality Of Water

This research has investigated the quality of surface water at Baiji district of Salah Alden governorate based on 5 sampling stations for two season (September 2012 and April 2013). Water evaluation indices (i.e. heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and contamination degree index (Cd)) are utilized to characterize the quality of water in term of drinking purposes. All values of HPI were lower than (15), suggesting low heavy metal pollution. The values of HEI were also less than (10), indicating low heavy metal pollution, whereas Cd values were much less than (1) for all stations, indicating low heavy metal pollution. Consequently, Tigris River water in the study area is suitable for drinking purposes in terms of heavy metal pollution.    http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.089

scholarly journals Evaluation of a small scale water disinfection system using WFMF

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dorcas Enaji Alfa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Rural Water

Provision of microbiologically safe drinking water for people living in the rural areas of developing countries remains a major challenge to date. One of the reasons is due to the inability to access potable water mainly because of poor existing water purification systems. Current measures have been put in place to address the challenges of rural water supply. Development of appropriate technologies such as decentralized water treatment supply in the form of point of use (POU) systems are been considered. In lieu of the above, an appropriate POU system known as the Remote Rural Water Treatment System (RRWTS) was developed at Durban University of Technology (DUT). The RRWTS is polyester based locally sourced Woven Fabric Microfiltration (WFMF) membrane system. The unit is made up of flat sheet modules that are assembled into a pack. It is a robust gravity driven system with the ability to remove suspended solids and colloids in the form of turbidity. The system has high flux of 35 ± 7 LMH and turbidity below 1 NTU, it has the ability to remove pathogens well above 95%. However, this does not comply with WHO and SANS drinking water standards of zero E. coli count/100 ml of treated water. In order to bring the water treated by RRWTS to a satisfactory level for drinking, it is then necessary to add a separate disinfection step like chlorination step to further remove the remaining microbial contaminants. Thus the main objective of the study was to evaluate the disinfection efficacy of two disinfectants namely waterguard and bromochlor tablet disinfectants and investigate their integration with the WFMF membrane. The study was categorised into three parts. The first part is the addition of disinfectants to unfiltered river water sources for the determination of residual chlorine and the most optimum dose that will yield effective disinfection and also evaluate the extent of E. coli removal by the disinfectants. The second stage was the filtration of four river water sources using the woven fibre membrane (WFM) to determine the efficiency of WFMF. Finally the effect of disinfection kinetics on disinfection was achieved by agitating the water after disinfection and allowing it to stand at different contact times. Performance of the RRWTS was determined by the amount of E. coli and turbidity removed during filtration using WFMF and by chemical disinfectants after filtration. The results on residual chlorine for different water sources showed that feed quality and disinfectant dose determines the quantity of residual chlorine on all the water sources. The effectiveness of chemical disinfectants in E. coli removal is affected by the quality of water to be disinfected. The study showed that turbidity plays a major role on disinfection by increasing chlorine demand on water sources with high turbidity levels. The WFMF demonstrated excellent filtration performance by producing permeates with turbidity less than 1 NTU for feed turbidities ranging from 10 to 200 NTU. The E. coli removal efficiency by WFMF was very high on all the water sources treated. There was 95-99.8% E. coli removal on raw feeds with influent E. coli ranging between 500 and 44500 CFU/100 ml. It was seen that major benefits are derived from integrating the WFMF (RRWTS) with chemical disinfection. The benefits includes; better disinfection that meets drinking water set guidelines of zero E. coli and improved quality of water. The need for disinfection kinetics in order to obtain superior disinfection was eliminated. The possibility of disinfection-by-product formation was reduced as smaller quantities of chemical disinfectants were required for complete disinfection on the filtered water.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anthropogenic pollution in river water based on the genetic diversity of Aeromonas hydrophila

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Korzekwa ◽  
Iwona Gołaś ◽  
Monika Harnisz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
River Water ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Many Sources

Abstract Aeromonas hydrophila is a valuable indicator of the quality of water polluted by sewage and pathogens that pose a risk for humans and cold-blooded animals, including fi sh. The main aim of this research was to evaluate anthropogenic pollution of river water based on genetic diversity of 82 A. hydrophila strains by means of RAPD, semi-random AP-PCR (ISJ) and the rep-BOX conservative repeats test. Genetic diversity of A. hydrophila was HT = 0.28 (SD = 0.02) for all DNA markers (RAPD, semi random and rep-BOX). None of the analyzed electrophoretic patterns was identical, implying that there were many sources of strain transmission. The presence of genes for aerolysin (aerA), hemolysin (ahh1) and the cytotoxic enzyme complex (AHCYTOGEN) was verifi ed for all tested strains, and drug resistance patterns for tetracycline, enrofl oxacin and erythromycin were determined. The most diverse A. hydrophila strains isolated from river water were susceptible to enrofl oxacine (HS = 0.27), whereas less diverse strains were susceptible to erythromycin (HS = 0.24). The presence of the multidrug resistance marker (ISJ4-25; 1100 bp locus) in the examined strains (resistant to three analyzed drugs) indicates that intensive fi sh cultivation affects the microbiological quality of river water.

scholarly journals Penentuan Status Mutu Air Metode Storet DAS Kali Curah Macan

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Hariono ◽  
Saiful Anwar ◽  
Michael Joko Wibowo ◽  
Merry Muspita Dyah Utami
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Absorption Function ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Status ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Reduced Water

The monitoring station of Curah Macan Watershed is located in Arjasa Village, Arjasa District, Situbondo Regency with 7o71'66 " at the South Latitude and 114o12'17" at the East Longitude. The aim research is to know the quality of water routinely, so that the water quality condition of river water body can be detected from the beginning. This is due to changes in land functions that have reduced water absorption function, erosion, sedimentation and industrial and household activities. Therefore, research on the analysis of the status of water quality especially in the Curah Macan watershed is very important to be done periodically in order to maintain its sustainability. The research using STORET method shows the water quality of Curah Macan watershed in the period of January - December 2017 for the quality of class I, II, III and IV has a score respectively -50; -28; -12 and -4 so that the water quality qualification is bad, moderate, moderate and good. Keyword : Kali Macan Watershed, Storet Method, Water Quality, Period January - December 2017 

New integrated elemental and molecular strategies as a diagnostic tool for the quality of water soluble quantum dots and their bioconjugates

Nanoscale ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Trapiella-Alfonso ◽  
Antonio R. Montoro Bustos ◽  
Jorge Ruiz Encinar ◽  
Jose M. Costa-Fernández ◽  
Rosario Pereiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Quality Of Water

scholarly journals Response of free-living Nematodes to the quality of water and sediment at Bou Chrara Lagoon (Tunisia) during winter 2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MAHMOUDI ◽  
H. BEYREM ◽  
L. BACCAR ◽  
P. AISSA
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Water And Sediment Quality

The Bou Ghrara lagoon, a stretch of water in southeastern Tunisia, has shown an alarming reduction of its fishery resources since 1993. In order to study the response of free-living nematodes to the water and sediment quality of this area, thirteen stations have been sampled. According to this study, the heavy metal, organic carbon and hydrocarbon content of sediments are key factors negatively influencing the density, biomass and diversity of the nematofauna.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilizer Source on Fe, Mn, and Zn Leaching, Nutrient Distribution, and Geranium Growth

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 533E-533
Author(s):  
Michael D. Frost ◽  
Janet C. Cole ◽  
John M. Dole
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Potential Pollution ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
To Receive

Improving the quality of water released from containerized production nurseries and greenhouse operations is an increasing concern in many areas of the United States. The potential pollution threat to our ground and potable water reservoirs via the horticultural industry needs to receive attention from growers and researchers alike. `Orbit Red' geraniums were grown in 3:1 peat:perlite medium with microtube irrigation to study the effect of fertilizer source on geranium growth, micronutrient leaching, and nutrient distribution. Manufacturer's recommended rates of controlled-release (CRF) and water-soluble fertilizers (WSF) were used to fulfill the micronutrient requirement of the plants. Minimal differences in all growth parameters measured between WSF and CRF were determined. A greater percentage of Fe was leached from the WSF than CRF. In contrast, CRF had a greater percentage of Mn leached from the system than WRF during the experiment. Also, regardless of treatment, the upper and middle regions of the growing medium had a higher nutrient concentration than the lower region of medium.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document