scholarly journals Isolation, characterization and S2−-oxidation metabolic pathway of a sulfur-oxidizing strain from a black-odor river in Beijing

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyi Zhang ◽  
Chen Song ◽  
Yaoyao Xu ◽  
Yajun Shi ◽  
Xiaoling Liu
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Experiment ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Main Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sox Gene

Abstract A single strain capable of efficient S2−-oxidizing was isolated from a black-odor river in Beijing. The single strain was identified as Stenotrophomonas through the physiology and biochemical characteristics as well as the 16S rRNA sequencing experiment. This strain was named as Stenotrophomonas sp.sp3 (strain sp3). The experimental results showed that for the strain sp3 growth and S2− oxidization, the optimal conditions were as follows: 25 °C of temperature, initial pH 7, 2.5 g/L of initial glucose concentration and 1.00 g/L of initial cell concentration. It was found that there were 31 kinds of sulfur oxidation related genes in the strain sp3 through the whole genomic analysis. The results of the transcriptome analysis suggested that the main metabolic pathway of S2− to SO42− was the paracoccus sulfur oxidation process. The bioconversion processes of S2− to S0, S2− to SO32−, S2O32− to S0 and SO32−, and SO32− to SO42− were controlled by hdrA, cysIJ, tst and sox gene, respectively.

scholarly journals Sulfur bacteria promote dissolution of authigenic carbonates at marine methane seeps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton J. Leprich ◽  
Beverly E. Flood ◽  
Peter R. Schroedl ◽  
Elizabeth Ricci ◽  
Jeffery J. Marlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Methane Seeps ◽  
Etch Pits ◽  
Active Dissolution ◽  
Authigenic Carbonates ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

AbstractCarbonate rocks at marine methane seeps are commonly colonized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria that co-occur with etch pits that suggest active dissolution. We show that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are abundant on the surface of an exemplar seep carbonate collected from Del Mar East Methane Seep Field, USA. We then used bioreactors containing aragonite mineral coupons that simulate certain seep conditions to investigate plausible in situ rates of carbonate dissolution associated with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Bioreactors inoculated with a sulfur-oxidizing bacterial strain, Celeribacter baekdonensis LH4, growing on aragonite coupons induced dissolution rates in sulfidic, heterotrophic, and abiotic conditions of 1773.97 (±324.35), 152.81 (±123.27), and 272.99 (±249.96) μmol CaCO3 • cm−2 • yr−1, respectively. Steep gradients in pH were also measured within carbonate-attached biofilms using pH-sensitive fluorophores. Together, these results show that the production of acidic microenvironments in biofilms of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are capable of dissolving carbonate rocks, even under well-buffered marine conditions. Our results support the hypothesis that authigenic carbonate rock dissolution driven by lithotrophic sulfur-oxidation constitutes a previously unknown carbon flux from the rock reservoir to the ocean and atmosphere.

Feasibility of Bioaugmentation with Iron/Sulfur Oxidizing Acidophiles to Enhance Copper Bioleaching from a Flotation Copper Ore

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 447-457
Author(s):  
Li Juan Zhang ◽  
Feng Mao ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Xin Hua Chen ◽  
Hong Bo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Copper Extraction ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Copper Leaching ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

The feasibility of one strategy of bioaugmentation was assessed to enhance copper extraction from chalcopyrite. Bioaugmentation consisted of the re-addition of one iron/sulfur oxidizing acidophile (Acidithiobacillus caldus, Ferroplasma thermophilumorLeptospirillum ferriphilum) into the early stage (on the 5thday) of the bioleaching system. The strain selection and inoculum concentration of bioaugmentation were separately investigated by comparing changes in the bioleaching performance and leached solid residues. Results indicated that bioaugmentation with three augmented strains synergistically promoted the total microbial growth and increased the cell numbers, and then accelerated the iron/sulfur oxidation, thereby catalytically regenerated the copper leaching agents of Fe3+and H+compared to the unamended control. Finally, an enhancement in copper extraction was detected and moreover positively correlated with the introducing cell numbers. Particularly, re-addition ofL.ferriphilumon the 5thday showed the best improvement in copper leaching, which remarkably shortened the incubation time (12 days) of almost full copper extraction while only 85.8% of copper was leached after 24 days in the control. Therefore, bioaugmentation could be a useful bio-remedy to improve the bioleaching kinetics and level of copper ore.

scholarly journals ON THE GROWTH AND RESPIRATION OF SULFUR-OXIDIZING BACTERIA

1923 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selman A. Waksman ◽  
Robert L. Starkey
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Elementary Sulfur ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Injurious Effect ◽  
Cent Concentration ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

1. It is shown that Sulfomonas thiooxidans oxidizes elementary sulfur completely to sulfuric acid. Sodium thiosulfate is oxidized by this organism completely to sulfate. Sulfomonas thiooxidans differs, in this respect, from various other sulfur-oxidizing bacilli which either produce elementary sulfur, from the thiosulfate, or convert it into sulfates and persulfates. 2. The organism derives its carbon from the CO2 of the atmosphere, but is incapable of deriving the carbon from carbonates or organic matter. 3. The S:C, or ratio between the amount of sulfur oxidized to sulfate and amount of carbon assimilated chemosynthetically from the CO2 of the atmosphere, is, with elementary sulfur as a source of energy, 31.8, and with thiosulfate 64.2. The higher ratio in the case of the thiosulfate is due to the smaller amount of energy liberated in the oxidation of sulfur compound than in the elementary form. 4. Of the total energy made available in the oxidation of the sulfur to sulfuric acid, only 6.65 per cent is used by the organism for the reduction of atmospheric CO2 and assimilation of carbon. 5. Sulfates do not exert any injurious effect upon sulfur oxidation by Sulfomonas thiooxidans. Any effect obtained is due to the cation rather than the sulfate radical. Nitrates exert a distinctly injurious action both on the growth and respiration of the organism. 6. There is a definite correlation between the amount of sulfur present and velocity of oxidation, very similar to that found in the growth of yeasts and nitrifying bacteria. Oxidation reaches a maximum with about 25 gm. of sulfur added to 100 cc. of medium. However, larger amounts of sulfur have no injurious effect. 7. Dextrose does not exert any appreciable injurious effect in concentrations less than 5 per cent. The injurious effect of peptone sets in at 0.1 per cent concentration and brings sulfur oxidation almost to a standstill in 1 per cent concentration. Dextrose does not exert any appreciable influence upon sulfur oxidation and carbon assimilation from the carbon dioxide of the atmosphere. 8. Sulfomonas thiooxidans can withstand large concentrations of sulfuric acid. The oxidation of sulfur is affected only to a small extent even by 0.25 molar initial concentration of the acid. In 0.5 molar solutions, the injurious effect becomes marked. The organism may produce as much as 1.5 molar acid, without being destroyed. 9. Growth is at an optimum at a hydrogen ion concentration equivalent to pH 2.0 to 5.5, dropping down rapidly on the alkaline side, but not to such an extent on the acid, particularly when a pure culture is employed. 10. Respiration of the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria can be studied by using the filtrate of a vigorously growing culture, to which a definite amount of sulfur is added, and incubating for 12 to 24 hours.

scholarly journals Microbial Sulfur Cycle in Two Hydrothermal Chimneys on the Southwest Indian Ridge

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiluo Cao ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
On On Lee ◽  
Xiang Zeng ◽  
Zongze Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Indian Ridge ◽  
Midocean Ridge ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Hydrothermal Fields

ABSTRACT Sulfur is an important element in sustaining microbial communities present in hydrothermal vents. Sulfur oxidation has been extensively studied due to its importance in chemosynthetic pathways in hydrothermal fields; however, less is known about sulfate reduction. Here, the metagenomes of hydrothermal chimneys located on the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) were pyrosequenced to elucidate the associated microbial sulfur cycle. A taxonomic summary of known genes revealed a few dominant bacteria that participated in the microbial sulfur cycle, particularly sulfate-reducing Deltaproteobacteria. The metagenomes studied contained highly abundant genes related to sulfur oxidation and reduction. Several carbon metabolic pathways, in particular the Calvin-Benson-Bassham pathway and the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycles for CO2 fixation, were identified in sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic bacteria. In contrast, highly abundant genes related to the oxidation of short-chain alkanes were grouped with sulfate-reducing bacteria, suggesting an important role for short-chain alkanes in the sulfur cycle. Furthermore, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were associated with enrichment for genes involved in the denitrification pathway, while sulfate-reducing bacteria displayed enrichment for genes responsible for hydrogen utilization. In conclusion, this study provides insights regarding major microbial metabolic activities that are driven by the sulfur cycle in low-temperature hydrothermal chimneys present on an ultraslow midocean ridge. IMPORTANCE There have been limited studies on chimney sulfides located at ultraslow-spreading ridges. The analysis of metagenomes of hydrothermal chimneys on the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge suggests the presence of a microbial sulfur cycle. The sulfur cycle should be centralized within a microbial community that displays enrichment for sulfur metabolism-related genes. The present study elucidated a significant role of the microbial sulfur cycle in sustaining an entire microbial community in low-temperature hydrothermal chimneys on an ultraslow spreading midocean ridge, which has characteristics distinct from those of other types of hydrothermal fields.

scholarly journals An Electrochemical Investigation of Interfacial Electron Uptake by the Sulfur Oxidizing Bacterium Thioclava electrotropha ElOx9

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amruta Karbelkar ◽  
Annette R Rowe ◽  
Moh El-Naggar
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Extracellular Electron Transfer ◽  
Solid State Electron ◽  
Marine Microbe ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) allows microbes to acquire energy from solid state electron acceptors and donors, such as environmental minerals. This process can also be harnessed at electrode interfaces in bioelectrochemical technologies including microbial fuel cells, microbial electrosynthesis, bioremediation, and wastewater treatment. Improving the performance of these technologies will benefit from a better fundamental understanding of EET in diverse microbial systems. While the mechanisms of outward (i.e. microbe-to-anode) EET is relatively well characterized, specifically in a few metal-reducing bacteria, the reverse process of inward EET from redox-active minerals or cathodes to bacteria remains poorly understood. This knowledge gap stems, at least partly, from the lack of well-established model organisms and general difficulties associated with laboratory studies in existing model systems. Recently, a sulfur oxidizing marine microbe, <i>Thioclava electrotropha</i> ElOx9, was demonstrated to perform electron uptake from cathodes. However, a detailed analysis of the electron uptake pathways has yet to be established, and electrochemical characterization has been limited to aerobic conditions. Here, we report a detailed amperometric and voltammetric characterization of ElOx9 cells coupling cathodic electron uptake to reduction of nitrate as the sole electron acceptor. We demonstrate that this inward EET by ElOx9 is facilitated by a direct-contact mechanism through a redox center with a formal potential of -94 mV vs SHE, rather than soluble intermediate electron carriers. In addition to the implications for understanding microbial sulfur oxidation in marine environments, this study highlights the potential for ElOx9 to serve as a convenient and readily culturable model organism for understanding the molecular mechanisms of inward EET.

scholarly journals Mimicking the Microbial Oxidation of Elemental Sulfur with a Biphasic Electrochemical Cell

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco F. Suárez-Herrera ◽  
Jose Solla-Gullon ◽  
Micheal D. Scanlon
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Microbial Oxidation ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Aqueous Anions

<p>The lack of an artificial system that mimics elemental sulfur (S<sub>8</sub>) oxidation by microorganisms inhibits a deep mechanistic understanding of the sulfur cycle in the biosphere and the metabolism of sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms. In this article, we present a biphasic system that mimics biochemical sulfur oxidation under ambient conditions using a liquid|liquid (L|L) electrochemical cell and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as an interfacial catalyst. The interface between two solvents of very different polarity is an ideal environment to oxidise S<sub>8</sub>, overcoming the <a>incompatible solubilities </a>of the hydrophobic reactants (O<sub>2</sub> and S<sub>8</sub>) and hydrophilic products (H<sup>+</sup>, SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2–</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>, <i>etc.</i>). The interfacial AuNPs provide a catalytic surface onto which O<sub>2</sub> and S<sub>8</sub> can adsorb. Control over the driving force for the reaction is provided by polarizing the L|L interface externally and tuning the Fermi level of the interfacial AuNPs by the adsorption of aqueous anions.</p>

scholarly journals Optimization, purification and characterization of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Streptomyces costaricanus EBL.HB6 isolated in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Trung Nguyen ◽  
Thi Hong Thao Phan ◽  
Phuong Dai Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Thi Mai Anh Dao ◽  
Van Hien Mai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Great Burden

Abstract BackgroundDiabetes, a disease that has been a great burden of the treatment cost for patients and society. There are many drugs have been used to cure this disease available on the pharmaceutical market. One of the most prevalent source to produce these compounds are microorganism. Among them, Streptomyces sp. are popular microorganisms used for the production of α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs). Methods and ResultsIn this study, different cultivation conditions were optimized to enhance the production of AGIs. Purification and evaluation of AGIs from S. costaricanus EBL.HB6 were also performed. Our results demonstrated that Streptomyces costaricanus EBL.HB6 had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity among 6 Streptomyces sp. strains were isolated in Vietnam. The 16S rRNA sequencing of isolating HBC6-2 indicated 99% identity to the corresponding sequence of Streptomyces costaricanus, and was registered on GenBank with the code MT 453944.1. Streptomyces costaricanus EBL.HB6 was able to produce melanin yellow pigment, and its aerial and substrate mycelia have brown and yellow-grey pigment on ISP2 cultivating medium, respectively. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the supernatant was increased by a factor of 1.2 under optimal conditions (media containing 1.5% glucose, 1.2% yeast extract at 28°C, initial pH of 6.5, and culture time for 120 h) in comparison with the initial media and condition. The purified efficacy of a-glucosidase inhibitors was 5% with a retention factor of 0.71 on thin-layer chromatography and IC50 value of 9.59 mg/mL.ConclusionsStreptomyces costaricanus EBL.HB6 strain was selected, purified and evaluated for its highly producible of α-glucosidase inhibitors.

scholarly journals Acidity and sulfur oxidation intermediate concentrations controlled by O2-driven partitioning of sulfur oxidizing bacteria in a mine tailings impoundment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J Whaley-Martin ◽  
Lin-Xing Chen ◽  
Tara Colebrander Nelson ◽  
Jay Gordon ◽  
Rose Kantor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Reduced Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Anoxic Waters ◽  
Tailings Impoundment ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Acidification of freshwater in mining impacted areas is a major global environmental problem catalyzed by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). To date, little is known about the active bacteria in mine tailings impoundments and their environmental niches. Here, biological sulfur oxidation was investigated over four years in a mine tailings impoundment, integrating sulfur geochemistry, genome-resolved metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. We demonstrated oxygen driven niche partitioning of SOB and their metabolic pathways that explain acidity generation and thiosulfate persistence. Four chemolithoautotrophic SOB, Halothiobacillus, Thiobacillus, Sulfuricurvum and Sediminibacterium comprised 37% to 73% of the analyzed communities. The impoundment waters alternated between the dominance of Halothiobacillus versus a Thiobacillus, Halothiobacillus, Sulfuricurvum and Sediminibacterium consortia. Halothiobacillus dominance was associated with lower pH values (~4.3), higher [H+]/[SO42-] and lower [S2O32-], collectively indicative of extensive sulfur oxidation. Halothiobacillus, which couple sulfur oxidation via the Sox pathway to aerobic respiration or NO2- reduction, were present throughout the depth profile, yet their expression of sox genes occurred only in upper highly oxygenated waters. Conversely, when consortia of Thiobacillus, Halothiobacillus, Sulfuricurvum and Sediminibacterium dominated, recycling/disproportionating reactions were more prevalent. Thiobacillus, which dominated deeper micro-oxic/anoxic waters, oxidized sulfur primarily through the rDSR pathway, coupled to NO3-/NO2- reduction, resulting in lower [H+]/[SO42-] and higher [S2O32-] relative to upper waters. These field results mirror the Sox/rDSR-geochemical patterns of experimental SOB enrichments and reveal opportunities for biological treatments of recalcitrant reduced sulfur compounds, as well as gene-based monitoring and in situ RNA detection to predict the onset of problematic geochemistry.

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