Treatment of Wastewater Containing Oil

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
V. Mavrov ◽  
I. Dobrevski ◽  
V. Peneva ◽  
S. Rashkov ◽  
N. Stathopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Brown Coals

The possibilities for treatment of a wastewater containing 120 - 170 mg/l of oil, with a COD of 190 - 312 mg O2/l and a pH of 7 - 7.6, were studied. A treatment process consisting of coagulation and adsorption was investigated. The effectiveness of coagulation using aluminium sulphate, ferric chloride, and aluminium chloride, was examined, and for the adsorption process, three activated carbons (A, B, and C) were considered. Carbons A and B were new types of activated carbon based on different pyrolysed brown coals, and carbon C was a commercial activated carbon. It was established that the optimum results were achieved by coagulation with 140 mg/l aluminium chloride (Al2(OH)5Cl), which produced a treated effluent with an oil content of 11 - 12 mg/l, followed by adsorption using activated carbon A, which gave a treated effluent with an oil content below 2 mg/l. Carbon. A could treat up to 2200 bed volumes of water before regeneration of the activated carbon was necessary.

Practical application of a combined treatment process for removal of recalcitrant NOM - alum and PAC

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fabris ◽  
C.W.K. Chow ◽  
M. Drikas
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Three different powdered activated carbons were applied in combination with aluminium sulphate to treat a high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) source water with a focus on improving natural organic matter removal. Treated water quality was analysed using absorbance at 254 nm, DOC, trihalomethane formation potential (THM-FP), rapid fractionation, C13 NMR and molecular weight distribution by high performance size exclusion chromatography. Carbon C and B offered equivalent DOC removal but carbon C was considered superior as treated water THM-FP was reduced. It is postulated that an organic fraction around 1000 Daltons is responsible for differences in THM-FP shown in the treated waters.

scholarly journals Performance of Sweet Potato’s Leaf-Derived Activated Carbon for Hydrogen Sulphide Removal from Biogas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Geni Juma ◽  
Revocatus Machunda ◽  
Tatiana Pogrebnaya
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Optimal Test ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Activation Ratio

In this study, sweet potato leaf activated carbon (SpLAC) was prepared by the chemical activation method using KOH and applied as an adsorbent for H2S removal from biogas. The study focused on the understanding of the effect of carbonization temperature (Tc), varying KOH : C activation ratio, flow rate (FR) of biogas, and mass of SpLAC on sample adsorption capacity. The BET analysis was performed for both fresh and spent activated carbons as well as for carbonized samples, which were not activated; also, the activated carbon was characterized by XRF and CHNS techniques. The results showed that removal efficiency (RE) of the SpLAC increased with increase carbonization temperature from 600 to 800°C and the mass of sorbent from 0.4 g to 1.0 g. The optimal test conditions were determined: 1.0 g of sorbent with a KOH : C ratio of 1 : 1, Tc=800°C, and FR=0.02 m3/h which resulted in a sorption capacity of about 3.7 g S/100 g of the SpLAC. Our findings corroborated that H2S removal was contributed not only by the adsorption process with the pore available but also by the presence of iron in the sample that reacted with H2S. Therefore, upon successful H2S sorption, SpLAC is suggested as a viable adsorbent for H2S removal from biogas.

Removal of Methylene Blue by Adsorption Process - A Comparative Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 245-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Xavier ◽  
J. Gandhi Rajan ◽  
D. Usha ◽  
R Sathya
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Molecular Formula

Methylene blue is a heterocyclic aromatic chemical compound with the molecular formula C16H18N3SCl. It has used in the biology and chemistry field. At room temperature, it appears as a solid, odourless dark green powder that yields blue solution when dissolved in water. As a part of removal of methylene blue dye from textile and leather industrial wastes, using activated carbon as adsorbents namely, commercial activated carbon (CAC), rose apple carbon (RAC), coconut shell carbon (CSC) and saw dust carbon (SDC). The percentage of Methylene blue adsorbed increases with decrease in initial concentration and particle size of adsorbent and increased with increase in contact time, temperature and dose of adsorbents. The pH is highly sensitive for dye adsorption process. The adsorption process followed first order kinetics and the adsorption data the modeled with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The first kinetic equations like Natarajan Khalaf, Lagergren, Bhattacharya and Venkobhachar and intra particle diffusion were found to be applicable. A comparative account of the adsorption capacity of various carbons has been made. These activated carbons are alternative to commercial AC for the removal dyes in General and MB is particular. These results are reported highly efficient and effective and low cost adsorbent for the MB. The thermodynamics parameters are also studied and it obeys spontaneous process. The results are confirmed by before and after adsorption process with the help of the following instrumental techniques viz., FT-IR, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and SEM photos.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Polydisperse Polyvinyl Alcohol Molecules on the Surface of Activated Carbons

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-473
Author(s):  
J. Barkauskas ◽  
A. Vinslovaite
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Surface Heterogeneity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Graphene Layers

The adsorption of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on activated carbons was studied in aqueous solutions. Each batch of activated carbon produced was obtained via a definite number of technological operations using wood as the raw material. The adsorption process was studied using a gel chromatography technique with potentiometric titrations being employed for evaluating the chemical composition of the activated carbons produced. The data obtained from the various activated carbon samples were compared to ascertain the adsorption mechanism. It was concluded that water molecules had a limited influence on the competitive process of polymer adsorption. A rather pronounced negative correlation between the number of phenol functional groups and PVA adsorption capacity was observed, indicating that these groups hindered the adsorption process. Assumptions concerning the role of phenol functional groups were made, taking into account not only the surface heterogeneity but also changes in the electron density of the graphene layers in the carbon substrate.

Scavenging of Nickel(II) from Aqueous Wastes by Adsorption with Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)

2014 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Supriya Gawhane
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Models

Due to explosive growth of industrial and agricultural activities, there is rise in pollutants in water including heavy metals and toxic elements. In light of increasing pollution load of environment it is imperative to address this problem by different approaches and means.Of the numerous unit processes, evaluated to control pollution, to a degree, adsorption by GAC is one of the best available broad spectrum technologies. Scavenging of a precious metal such as Nickel, present in aqueous systems can be carried out with or without use of carrier such as 8-hydroxyquinoline (Oxine) and its derivatives on various grades of as received activated carbons. The carrier improves uptake of metal ions by GAC. The adsorption process agrees with the Langmuir and Freundlich models and also obeys pseudo-second order kinetics.

scholarly journals Proposal of enhanced treatment process based on actual pilot plant for removal of micropharmaceuticals in sewage treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-596
Author(s):  
Shun-hwa Lee ◽  
Yun-kyung Park ◽  
Miran Lee ◽  
Byung-dae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Optimal Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Single Process

This study was carried out to increase the treatment efficiency through the improvement of the conventional biological process, and to propose the optimal treatment direction. The optimal treatment conditions were derived based on the results of the spike damage tests in each single process. The removal efficiency of micropharmaceuticals was further increased when an ozone treatment process was added to the biological process compared to the single process. The soil and activated carbon adsorption process was introduced in the post-treatment to remove the micropharmaceutical residues, and the removal efficiency of the pharmaceduticals in the final effluent was more than 85% in spike damage experiment. In particular, the continuous process of biological treatment-ozone-adsorption could ensure the stable treatment of micropharmaceuticals, which had not been efficiently removed in the single process, as it showed more than 80% removal efficiency. Therefore, it is expected that the addition of the ozone oxidation and activated carbon adsorption process to the existing sewage treatment facilities can contribute to the efficient removal of micropharmaceuticals.

Sorption Purification of Sewage from Aromatic Nitro Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
L.I. Mukhortova ◽  
Yu.T. Efimov ◽  
T.G. Konstantinovа ◽  
V.P. Endyuskin
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Nitro Compounds ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Sorption Purification ◽  
Aromatic Nitro ◽  
Degree Of Purification

The possibility of using activated carbons in wastewater treatment from aromatic nitrophenols and nitrosulfonic acids was investigated. The main parameters of the adsorption process that provide the maximum degree of purification are determined: the amount of activated carbon and the pH of mother solutions. The method of regeneration of the extracted activated carbon by treatment with sodium hydroxide solution was studied, the optimal conditions of extraction were determined.

Dynamic Study of Adsorption for the Removal of Bismark Brown – Using Activated Carbons

2011 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
A. Xavier ◽  
R Sathya ◽  
J. Gandhi Rajan ◽  
R. Nagarathnam
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion

Many industries use dyes and pigments to colorize their products. Large amount different types of dyes enter in to the environment. These dyes are invariably left in the industrial wastes. As a part of removal of Bismark Brown dye from textile and leather industrial wastes, using activated carbon as adsorbents namely, commercial activated carbon (CAC), rose apple carbon (RAC), coconut shell carbon (CSC) and saw dust carbon (SDC). The percentage removal of Bismark-Brown adsorbed increases with decrease in initial concentration and particle size of adsorbent and increased with increase in contact time, temperature and dose of adsorbent. The pH is highly sensitive for dye adsorption process. The adsorption process followed first order kinetics and the adsorption data with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The first kinetic equations like Natarajan Khalaf, Lagergren, Bhattacharya and Venkobhachar and intra-particle diffusion were found to be applicable. A comparative account of the adsorption capacity of various carbons has been made. These activated carbons are alternative to commercial AC for the removal dyes in General and Bismark-brown (BB) is particular. These results are reported highly efficient and effective and low cost adsorbent for the BB. The thermodynamics parameters are also studied and it obeys spontaneous process. The results are confirmed by before and after adsorption process with the help of the following instrumental techniques viz., FT-IR, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and SEM analyze.

scholarly journals Efficient Removal of Cr(VI) from Water by Biochar and Activated Carbon Prepared through Hydrothermal Carbonization and Pyrolysis: Adsorption-Coupled Reduction Mechanism

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Vo ◽  
Van Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Abdelkader Ouakouak ◽  
Aileen Nieva ◽  
Bonifacio T. Doma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Surface Element ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Prepared Material ◽  
Pre Treatment

Three carbonaceous porous materials (biochar and activated carbon) were developed from the Tectona grandis tree sawdust. The applied process of two-stage preparation included pre-treatment through hydrothermal carbonization at 190 °C and subsequent pyrolysis at 800 °C. Two chemical activating agents (K2CO3 and ZnCl2) were used to prepared activated carbons (K2CO3-AC and ZnCl2-AC), respectively. They were characterized by textural property, morphology, and surface element components and applied to remove Cr(VI) from solution at various solution pH values and initial Cr(VI) concentrations. Results showed that the textural parameters (SBET and VTotal) of the prepared material were 1757 m2/g and 1.027 cm3/g for Zn-Cl2-AC, 1013 m2/g and 0.418 cm3/g for K2CO3-AC, and 792 m2/g and 0.345 cm3/g for biochar. The adsorption process reached the highest efficiency at pH 3.0. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity indicated the decreasing order: ZnCl2-AC (127 mg/g) > K2CO3-AC (103 mg/g) > biochar (83.5 mg/g). The removal mechanism of Cr(V) from solution was regarded as an adsorption-coupled reduction, namely (1) partial reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) during the adsorption process and (2) adsorption of the Cr(VI) anions through electrostatic attraction and pore filling and the reduced Cr(III) cations through complexation, Cπ–cation interaction, cation exchange, and pore filing. Therefore, the prepared biochar and activated carbon can server as promising adsorbents to efficiently remove both Cr(VI) and Cr(III) from water.

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