Dynamic Study of Adsorption for the Removal of Bismark Brown – Using Activated Carbons

2011 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
A. Xavier ◽  
R Sathya ◽  
J. Gandhi Rajan ◽  
R. Nagarathnam
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion

Many industries use dyes and pigments to colorize their products. Large amount different types of dyes enter in to the environment. These dyes are invariably left in the industrial wastes. As a part of removal of Bismark Brown dye from textile and leather industrial wastes, using activated carbon as adsorbents namely, commercial activated carbon (CAC), rose apple carbon (RAC), coconut shell carbon (CSC) and saw dust carbon (SDC). The percentage removal of Bismark-Brown adsorbed increases with decrease in initial concentration and particle size of adsorbent and increased with increase in contact time, temperature and dose of adsorbent. The pH is highly sensitive for dye adsorption process. The adsorption process followed first order kinetics and the adsorption data with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The first kinetic equations like Natarajan Khalaf, Lagergren, Bhattacharya and Venkobhachar and intra-particle diffusion were found to be applicable. A comparative account of the adsorption capacity of various carbons has been made. These activated carbons are alternative to commercial AC for the removal dyes in General and Bismark-brown (BB) is particular. These results are reported highly efficient and effective and low cost adsorbent for the BB. The thermodynamics parameters are also studied and it obeys spontaneous process. The results are confirmed by before and after adsorption process with the help of the following instrumental techniques viz., FT-IR, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and SEM analyze.

Removal of Methylene Blue by Adsorption Process - A Comparative Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 245-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Xavier ◽  
J. Gandhi Rajan ◽  
D. Usha ◽  
R Sathya
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Molecular Formula

Methylene blue is a heterocyclic aromatic chemical compound with the molecular formula C16H18N3SCl. It has used in the biology and chemistry field. At room temperature, it appears as a solid, odourless dark green powder that yields blue solution when dissolved in water. As a part of removal of methylene blue dye from textile and leather industrial wastes, using activated carbon as adsorbents namely, commercial activated carbon (CAC), rose apple carbon (RAC), coconut shell carbon (CSC) and saw dust carbon (SDC). The percentage of Methylene blue adsorbed increases with decrease in initial concentration and particle size of adsorbent and increased with increase in contact time, temperature and dose of adsorbents. The pH is highly sensitive for dye adsorption process. The adsorption process followed first order kinetics and the adsorption data the modeled with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The first kinetic equations like Natarajan Khalaf, Lagergren, Bhattacharya and Venkobhachar and intra particle diffusion were found to be applicable. A comparative account of the adsorption capacity of various carbons has been made. These activated carbons are alternative to commercial AC for the removal dyes in General and MB is particular. These results are reported highly efficient and effective and low cost adsorbent for the MB. The thermodynamics parameters are also studied and it obeys spontaneous process. The results are confirmed by before and after adsorption process with the help of the following instrumental techniques viz., FT-IR, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and SEM photos.

Studies on the Removal of Malachite Green Dyes by Adsorption onto Activated Carbons – A Comparative Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
pp. 165-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Xavier ◽  
D. Usha ◽  
J. Gandhi Rajan ◽  
M. Malarvizhi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
First Order

Malachite Green is an organic compound that is used as a dyestuff for the materials like silk, leather and paper. As a part of removal of malachite green dye from textile and leather industrial wastes, using activated carbon as adsorbents namely, commercial activated carbon (CAC), rose apple carbon (RAC), coconut shell carbon (CSC) and saw dust carbon (SDC). The percentage of malachite green adsorbed increases with decrease in initial concentration and particle size of adsorbent and increased with increase in contact time, temperature and dose of adsorbent. The pH is highly sensitive for dye adsorption process. The adsorption process followed first order kinetics and the adsorption data with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The first order kinetic equations like Natarajan Khalaf, Lagergren, Bhattacharya and Venkobhachar and intra particle diffusion were found to be applicable. A comparative account of the adsorption capacity of various carbons has been made. These activated carbons are alternative to commercial AC for the removal dyes in General and MG is particular. These results are reported highly efficient and effective and low cost adsorbent for the MG. The thermodynamics parameters are also studied and it obeys spontaneous process. The results are confirmed by before and after adsorption process with the help of the following instrumental techniques viz., FT-IR, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and SEM photos.

scholarly journals Reactive Blue 203 dye Removal Using Biosorbent: A Study of Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Marzieh Bagheri ◽  
Mohammad Nasiri ◽  
Bahareh Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm Models ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Maximum Removal

Nowadays, due to increasing usage of dye in various industries and its destructive effects on health and environment, it is necessary to remove dyes from industrial wastes. Although few studies can be found on using pine cone for removal of different dyes, it has not been used yet to remove Reactive Blue 203 (RB203) dye. The purpose of this study is to investigate RB203 dye adsorption using activated carbon produced from pine cone. Optimal values of influencing factors for RB203 dye removal were obtained. The results showed that the maximum removal was occurred at a pH of 2, temperature of 30˚C, dye concentration of 30 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 100 mg/L, and contact time of 15 min. The maximum removal percentage was 98.48%. In order to study the synthesized activated carbon, some characterization methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) have been used. Investigation of adsorption isotherm models revealed that adsorption of RB203dye can be described through D-R and Temkin isotherm models. Additionally, RB203 dye removal follows the pseudo-firstorder kinetic equation.

scholarly journals Removal of Basic Orange 2 dye and Ni2+ from aqueous solutions using alkaline-modified nanoclay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Geroeeyan ◽  
Ali Niazi ◽  
Elaheh Konoz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Diffusion Kinetic ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Abstract In the present research, the removal of Basic Orange 2 (BO2) dye using alkaline-modified clay nanoparticles was studied. To characterize the adsorbent, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, BET and BJH analyses were performed. The effect of the variables influencing the dye adsorption process such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, stirring rate, temperature, and initial dye concentration was investigated. Furthermore, the high efficiency of Ni2+ removal indicated that it is possible to remove both dye and metal cation under the same optimum conditions. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Fitting the experimental data to Langmuir isotherm indicated that the monolayer adsorption of dye occurred at homogeneous sites. Experimental data were also analyzed with pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic equations for kinetic modeling of the dye removal process. The adsorption results indicated that the process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters of the dye adsorption process such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy changes were calculated and revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The results presented the high potential of the modified nanoclay as a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of BO2 dye and Ni2+ from aqueous medium.

Removal of Dyes From Wastewater by Adsorption Onto Low-Cost Adsorbents

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-257
Author(s):  
Victor Odhiambo Shikuku ◽  
George Oindo Achieng' ◽  
Chrispin O. Kowenje
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm Models ◽  
Inorganic Adsorbents

This chapter describes an up-to-date critique of the use of adsorption as a wastewater treatment technique for the removal of dyes. The topics range from the classification of dyes, their occurrence in water and toxicity, various treatment methods, and dye adsorption dynamics onto agricultural wastes and inorganic adsorbents such as clay and metal oxides and adsorption onto microbial biomass under varying operational conditions. It is demonstrated that the discussed materials form alternative adsorbents for dye adsorption from aqueous solutions with comparable or better removal efficiencies relative to the non-renewable coal-based granular activated carbons; they are cheap and abundant. The relative performance of the adsorbents under different environmental parameters for dye removal has also presented. The deductions made and alluded to from various kinetic and adsorption isotherm models are also discussed. The chapter presents the past, present, and suggestions for future considerations in search of non-conventional adsorbents for dye sequestration from aqueous solution.

Performance of Activated Carbon Made from Gigantochloa verticillata Bamboo for Biogas Purification

2020 ◽  
Vol 1013 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
I Putu Hari Wangsa ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia ◽  
Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara ◽  
I Wayan Surata
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biogas Purification

Biogas is known to contain mainly methane (CH4), and other gas impurities such as carbon dioxide (CO2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Biogas should be purified to remove gas impurities prior to be used as a fuel. Activated carbon is a famous biogas purifier. Commercial activated carbons are found expensive due to high cost during production. New routes for low cost production of activated carbon are still in progress. Many natural sources were explored for production of low cost and good quality activated carbon. One of the natural sources of raw material of activated carbon is bamboo. The bamboo from species of Gigantochloa verticillata from the tropical source of Indonesia was prepared for this purpose. The bamboo was cut from the tree, dried under the sun and cut to small pieces. The dried small pieces of bamboo cut were carbonized at 700 °C for 1.5 hours in air-tight chamber made from steel. The sample then was crushed and screen in 3 different particle sizes, namely: 150-250 mesh, 250-350 mesh and 350-450 mesh. About 100 gram of carbonized bamboo from these three variations were activated at 750°C for 1 hour in around 5100 cm3 steel chamber with nitrogen gas (N2) was flowed with rate 350 ml/minute. The result of activated carbon were analyzed by using TGA (thermo gravimetric analyses) for moisture, volatile, ash and fixed carbon composition test. The activated carbon then was set in acrylic tube for biogas purification. Around 200 liters of raw biogas were collected in PVC bag. The biogas was flowed with flow rate 500 mL/minute. The biogas composition before and after passing the activated carbon was measured in three time repetitions. The results indicate that the activated carbon made from Gigantochloa verticillata bamboo developed in this work is promising biogas purifier.

scholarly journals Activated Carbon from the Peelings of Cassava Tubers (Manihot esculenta) for the Removal of Nickel(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Brice Armel Ajouafeu Alongamo ◽  
Lydie Dodo Ajifack ◽  
Julius Numbonui Ghogomu ◽  
Ndi Julius Nsami ◽  
Joseph Mbadcam Ketcha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Homogeneous Surface

Activated carbons were obtained from the peelings of cassava tubers (Manihot esculenta) by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid at impregnation ratios of 2 : 1 and 1 : 1, respectively, at 400°C for batch adsorption of nickel(II) ions from aqueous solution. Characterization of activated carbon samples was achieved via proximate analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, pH of zero-point charge, Boehm method, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and iodine number determination for each adsorbent. The effects of pH, contact time, initial adsorbate concentration, and adsorbent dose were studied at 27°C in order to optimize the conditions for maximum adsorption. Equilibrium was attained after 40 minutes of contact of both materials with activating solutions. Maximum adsorption capacities of 41.15 mg/g for ACPH, 47.39 mg/g for ACPA, 35.34 mg/g for NIC, and 34.48 mg/g for RM, respectively, were obtained at pH = 4. Equilibrium data showed that the Langmuir model best described the adsorption process with R2 closed to unity, indicative of monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process is controlled by the pseudo-second-order model. These results show that activated carbon prepared from cassava peelings constitutes an effective low-cost material for the treatment of wastewater containing nickel(II) ions.

scholarly journals Studies on the Removal of Red Industrial Dye Using Teak Leaf, Maize Corn and Babool Tree Bark Carbons -A Comparison

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 770-774
Author(s):  
N. Kannan ◽  
A. Vijayakumar ◽  
P. Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion

Activated carbons prepared from teak leaf (TLC), maize corn (MCC) and babool tree bark (BTBC) were used to study adsorption of red industrial dye under various experimental conditions. Effect of various experimental parameters such as initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, particle size, contact time and initial pH of solution was studied. Batch adsorption studies were carried out at room temperature (30±1°C). Adsorption parameters were modeled by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Adsorption data were fitted with the Natarajan and Khalaf, Lagergren and Bhattacharya -Venkobachar equations. The high value of 21.28 was obtained from Langmuir plot indicates maize corn carbon (MCC) is the best low cost adsorbent. The adsorption process followed first order kinetics, with intra- particle diffusion as one of the rate limiting steps

scholarly journals Efficiency of Sawdust as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Dyes Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
R. Chikri ◽  
N. Elhadiri ◽  
M. Benchanaa ◽  
Y. El maguana
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm Models ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Dyes Removal

In recent years, the removal of dyes from wastewater has attracted considerable attention due to their harmful effects to ecosystem and human health. Adsorption as a facile and effective technique has been widely used to eliminate a large variety of dyes from aqueous solutions. Activated carbon is the most preferred adsorbent to treat wastewater but its use is limited because of high cost. Therefore, several low-cost and natural materials and wastes have been used as precursors for the preparation of alternative adsorbents. Among them, sawdust as an abundant and low-cost by-product has been explored as adsorbent for the removal of dyes from wastewater. This review focuses on the various sawdust used as a precursor for the preparation of activated carbons. Extensive literature information about sawdust, its compositions, activation methods, its efficiency for dyes removal, and environmental conditions effects has been reviewed. The applicability of various adsorption kinetic models and adsorption isotherm models for dye removal by sawdust-derived activated carbons has been also reported. Finally, this paper highlights the use of sawdust as base material for various composites and mixture which can be used as granular activated carbon.

scholarly journals Development of a Novel Adsorbent Prepared from Dredging Sediment for Effective Removal of Dye in Aqueous Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10722
Author(s):  
Abdelkader Ouakouak ◽  
Messameh Abdelhamid ◽  
Barhoumi Thouraya ◽  
Hadj-Otmane Chahinez ◽  
Grabi Hocine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Water Media ◽  
A Minor

This study proposed a novel and low-cost adsorbent prepared from dredging sediment (DSD) for effective removal of dye in aqueous solutions. The adsorption efficiency and behavior of the DSD adsorbent toward the crystal violet (CV), a cationic dye, were investigated via batch experiments. The results showed that DSD samples contain mainly clay minerals (illite and kaolinite) and other mineral phases. In addition, DSD is a mesoporous material (Vmesopore = 94.4%), and it exhibits a relatively high surface area (~39.1 m2/g). Adsorption experiments showed that the solution’s pH slightly affects the adsorption process, and a pH of 11 gave a maximum capacity of 27.2 mg/g. The kinetic data of CV dye adsorption is well described by the pseudo–second-order and the Avrami models. The Langmuir and Liu isotherm models provide the best fit for the adsorption equilibrium data. The monolayer adsorption capacity of Langmuir reached 183.6, 198.0, and 243.6 mg/g at 293, 308, and 323 K, respectively. It was also found that the adsorption process was spontaneous (−ΔG°), exothermic (−∆H°), and increased the randomness (+∆S°) during the adsorption operation. The primary mechanisms in CV dye adsorption were ion exchange and pore filling, whereas electrostatic attraction was a minor contribution. In addition, three steps involving intraparticle diffusion occur at the same time to control the adsorption process. The results of this study highlight the excellent efficiency of DSD material as an ecofriendly sorbent for toxic dyes from water media.

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