Microfiltration Used as a Means of Disinfection Downstream: A Bacterial Treatment Stage on Fixed-Bed Bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Langlais ◽  
Ph. Denis ◽  
S. Triballeau ◽  
M. Faivre ◽  
M. M. Bourbigot
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Filtration Cycle ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Bacterial Treatment

Conventional methods of disinfecting sewage are all highly sensitive to variations in the effluent quality upstream of the disinfection stage. Microfiltration was tested as a tertiary treatment downstream of biofiltration, simulating very poor biofilter efficiency, to test the limits of the microfiltration process. Despite the poor quality of the secondary effluent (COD between 100 and 400 mgO2/l, BOD5 between 30 and 150 mgO2/l and suspended solid concentrations between 15 and 90 mg/l), the microfiltration process (filtration level : 0.2 µm) eliminated all faecal germs and tenia and ascaris eggs. The total elimination of free amoeba cysts still needs to be confirmed. With the COD and BOD5 reduced by an average of 60 and 70% respectively, the effluent quality is equivalent to level e after microfiltration (COD: 90 mgO2/l and BOD5 = 30 mgO2/l on samples averaged over 24 hours). Turbidity, measured instead of suspended solids at outlet from the microfilter, was 99 % eliminated. The colour remained between 50 and 150 mg Pt.Co/l. Under the operating conditions applied, the minimum filtration cycle was 72 hours for a minimum permeate flow of 80 1/h/m2 of membrane. When microfiltration process was used to treat a secondary effluent of good quality (COD between 14 and 40 mg/l; turbidity between 1.4 and 5.1 NTU) the germ elimination remained the same; the COD removal (31 % average elimination) allowed us to get an effluent with an average COD concentration of 24 mgO2/l. The filtration cycle was much longer (300 hours).

Test on Microfiltration as a Tertiary Treatment Downstream of Fixed Bacteria Filtration

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Langlais ◽  
Ph Denis ◽  
S. Triballeau ◽  
M. Faivre ◽  
M. M. Bourbigot
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Filtration Cycle ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Conventional methods of disinfecting sewage water are all highly sensitive to variations in the effluent quality upstream of the disinfection stage. Microfiltration was tested as a tertiary treatment downstream of biofiltration, simulating very poor biofilter efficiency, to test the limits of the microfiltration process. Despite the poor quality of the secondary effluent (COD between 100 and 400 mgO2/l, BOD5 between 30 and 150 mgO2/l and suspended solid concentrations between 15 and 90 mg/l), the microfiltration process (filtration level : 0.2 µm) eliminated all faecal germs and tenia and ascaris eggs. The total elimination of free amoeba cysts still needs to be confirmed. With the COD and BOD5 reduced by an average of 60 and 70% respectively, the effluent quality is equivalent to level e after microfiltration (COD: 90 mgO2/l and BOD5=30 mgO2/l on samples averaged over 24 hours). Turbidity, measured instead of suspended solids at outlet from the microfilter, was 99% eliminated. The colour remained between 50 and 150 mg Pt.Co/l. Under the operating conditions applied, the minimum filtration cycle was 72 hours for a minimum permeate flow of 80 l/h/m2 of membrane.

Tertiary Nitrification Pilot Plants on Parisian Waste Water

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Paffoni ◽  
B. Védry ◽  
M. Gousailles
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Daily Output ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

The Paris Metropolitan area, which contains over eight million inhabitants, has a daily output of about 3 M cu.meters of wastewater, the purification of which is achieved by SIAAP (Paris Metropolitan Area Sewage Service) in both Achères and Valenton plants. The carbon pollution is eliminated from over 2 M cu.m/day at Achères. In order to improve the quality of output water, its tertiary nitrification in fixed-bed reactors has been contemplated. The BIOFOR (Degremont) and BIOCARBONE (OTV) processes could be tested in semi-industrial pilot reactors at the CRITER research center of SIAAP. At a reference temperature of 13°C, the removed load is approximately 0.5 kg N NH4/m3.day. From a practical point of view, it may be asserted that in such operating conditions as should be at the Achères plant, one cubic meter of filter can handle the tertiary nitification of one cubic meter of purified water per hour at an effluent temperature of 13°C.

Experimental Study on Treatment of Wastewater Containing Oil and Polyacrylamide by Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Meng Ren ◽  
Yu Pan ◽  
Xiu Min Yang ◽  
Yan Yun Qiao ◽  
Hong Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Wastewater containing oil and polyacylamide is a kind of organic wastewater, which is hard to treat. The combined process of moving-bed biofilm reactor and sulphate-reducing bacteria was used to treat the wastewater. Operating conditions of moving-bed biofilm reactor and sulphate-reducing bacteria were studied. Results indicate that the oil removal efficiency by moving-bed biofilm reactor can reach above 90% with 9 hours hydraulic retention time at 25°C, but it has no effect on polyacylamide. Sulphate-reducing bacteria can degrade polyacylamide, and polyacylamide conversion is about 50% at 37°C with 4 days culture time and 9ml inoculation size. The effluent quality of wastewater containing oil and polyacylamide can meet requirements of the first level in integrated wastewater discharge standard.

scholarly journals Implementasi Pengelolaan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit Islam Ibnu Sina Pekanbaru

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Hartati Hartati ◽  
Adrianto Ahmad ◽  
Elda Nazriati
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Setting Process

Liquid waste discharged from Ibnu Sina Muslim Hospital have a negative impacton the environment if the waste is not properly managed. Therefore it is mandatory to controlthe disposal priar to discharging in to the environtment. The present study aimed to determineliquid waste magement by determining the quality of effluent of Ibnu Sina Muslim Hospitaland comparing to the liquid waste quality standard of the minister of environment (Decre No58/1995) on the liquid waste quality of hospital activities. Data obtained by observation,questionnaires and laboratotory examination. Apparently, the temperatur BOD5, COD, pHana MPN meets effluent quality standard; while the ammonia, phosphate and TSS exceededthe upper treshold. Wastewater management Ibnu Sina Muslim as chlorine tank. Knowledgeof employees and health workers Ibnu Sina Muslim Hospital Pekanbaru on liquid wastemanagement has been high but in the setting process and operating conditions ware less. 

Effect of sewage effluents on germination of three marine brown algal macrophytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Burridge ◽  
T Portelli ◽  
P Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
End Point ◽  
Sewage Effluents ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Reference Toxicant ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Inhibition of germination of zygotes of the fucoid macroalgae Hormosira banksii and Phyllospora comosa and zoospores of the laminarian Macrocystis angustifolia was used as an end-point to assess the toxicity of three sewage effluents of differing quality. For each species, between-assay variation was low and results of tests with the reference toxicant 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid suggested that results are reproducible, especially in R. comosa. Each species showed a greater sensitivity to primary-treated effluent than to secondary-treated effluent, and higher variability in response to the primary effluent. High variation in response for each species when exposed to the primary effluent (compared with that for the secondary effluent) is presumably indicative of variation in quality of the primary effluent. The capacity to reproduce these assays, the sensitivity of species employed, and the ecological relevance of germination as a toxicological end-point suggest that germination tests of this nature may be useful in biological testing of effluent quality at discharge sites in south-eastern Australia.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the effluent quality of 231 on-site sanitation facilities in France monitored during a 6-year period

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
L. Olivier ◽  
V. Dubois ◽  
Y. LeGat ◽  
C. Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Log Linear

Abstract On-site wastewater treatment systems are approved by the French regulation based on the results of platform tests following the European standard NF EN 12566-3. In addition to this approval for the treatment system, at least 90% of outlet concentrations have to be below 30 mg L−1 for total suspended solids (TSS) and 35 mg L−1 for biochemical oxygen demand. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effluent quality of these treatment systems on site, i.e. under real operating conditions, and to assess their performances. Between 2011 and 2016, 1,286 treated wastewater samples were taken from 231 on-site sanitation facilities in France. Data collected are heterogeneous and a robust statistical methodology (using a generalized log-linear model) was used to study the effects of four explanatory variables (treatment systems, loading rate, aging and sampling methods) on the distribution of treated wastewater concentrations. The model calculates median outlet concentrations depending on the effects identified. Its application allowed studying and comparing the outlet median concentrations of 21 on-site sanitation systems classified into nine categories and three groups. Four treatment systems out of the 21 monitored showed TSS median outlet concentrations below 10 mg L−1 and four treatment systems have TSS medians higher than the regulatory threshold of 30 mg L−1.

Performance evaluation of small treatment systems in Turkey

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Akca ◽  
A. Samsunlu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Control Regulation

In accordance with the development of tourism, sea pollution has become the major problem of the coastal zones. In order to realize sustainable touristic activities in Turkey, it is very important to treat wastewater and preserve the environmental quality. It is roughly estimated that there are around 2000 small treatment plants in Turkey. However, it is necessary to construct 10,000 more wastewater treatment plants to solve the wastewater problems in small settlements. In this study, performances of small treatment systems were investigated. Two types of the treatment plants were of concern. The first one is a continuous system based on fixed bed activated sludge process, whereas the second system is based on batch activated sludge process. 96 treatment plants have been investigated in this study. The wastewater characteristic is determined as strong domestic wastewater. It has been observed that the effluent quality of the batch activated sludge and aerated biofilter systems meet the discharge requirements of Water Pollution Control Regulation in Turkey. Furthermore, they would be easily adapted to meet the stringent standards that are proposed for sensitive zones.

Design of Reconstruction and Extension Projects of the Wastewater Plant of an Ordnance Repairing Factory

2011 ◽  
Vol 413 ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
Jing Miao Li ◽  
Chen Liang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Original Process ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Total Treatment

In order to improve the treatment capacity and effluent quality of the wastewater plant of an ordnance repairing factory in Guangzhou City, China. The wastewater treatment process was modified and the construction was extended. The factory mainly repairs military equipments in air force, discharges 1200 m3/d wastewater .The current operating conditions of original wastewater treatment equipments are unstable and the effluent quality is substandard, and that the capacity is inadequate.By upgrading the technology and tapping the potential of original process, enlarge the primary treatment capacity to 500 m3/d and build another treatment process with the treatment capacity of 700 m3/d.The total treatment capacity is adequate and effluent quality meet the demands of criteria A specified in DB44/26-2001 of Guangzhou.

Physicochemical treatment of office and public buildings greywater

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2357-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Friedler ◽  
Yuval Alfiya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Physicochemical Process ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Cake Filtration ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Filtration Cycle ◽  
Very High

The current study analyses the performance of deep sand filtration of greywater from an office building and the performance of a combined physicochemical process comprising of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration. Raw greywater quality exhibited very high variability with average turbidity of 35 NTU, and TSS, CODt, and BOD of 45, 240, 75 mg/l respectively. The stand-alone filter removed 50 and 70% of the turbidity and TSS, but failed to remove COD and BOD. Quality of the produced effluent was too low to allow any reuse. Clogging rate of the filter was high and under hydraulic loading of 3–4 m3/(m2 h) the filtration cycle had to be terminated after 5–8 h. Clogging occurred mainly on the upper layer, indicating the dominance of “cake” filtration mechanism. Addition of coagulation and sedimentation prior to sedimentation dramatically improved effluent quality, reaching overall removal efficiencies of 92, 94, 65 and 57% of turbidity, TSS CODt and BOD respectively. The filtration cycle could be prolonged to 20 h. The effluent produced was of much better quality, yet, it has to be further treated (either biological treatment or membrane filtration). Most of the removal occurred in the coagulation-sedimentation step, while the filter acted as a polishing unit.

An experience of performing spirometry by trained general practitioners

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
M. A. Pokhaznikova ◽  
E. A. Andreeva ◽  
O. Yu. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Study Research ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Forced Expiratory Maneuver ◽  
Maximal Effort

The article discusses the experience of teaching and conducting spirometry of general practitioners as part of the RESPECT study (RESearch on the PrEvalence and the diagnosis of COPD and its Tobacco-related aetiology). A total of 33 trained in spirometry general practitioners performed a study of 3119 patients. Quality criteria met 84.1% of spirometric studies. The analysis of the most common mistakes made by doctors during the forced expiratory maneuver is included. The most frequent errors were expiration exhalation of less than 6s (54%), non-maximal effort throughout the test and lack of reproducibility (11.3%). Independent predictors of poor spirogram quality were male gender, obstruction (FEV1 /FVC<0.7), and the center where the study was performed. The number of good-quality spirograms ranged from 96.1% (95% CI 83.2–110.4) to 59.8% (95% CI 49.6–71.4) depending on the center. Subsequently, an analysis of the reasons behind the poor quality of research in individual centers was conducted and the identified shortcomings were eliminated. The poor quality of the spirograms was associated either with the errors of the doctors who undertook the study or with the technical malfunctions of the spirometer.

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