Axo-dye biodegradation under anoxic conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Zissi ◽  
G. Lyberatos
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Terminal Electron Acceptor ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Double Bond

Biological oxidation of azo-dyes is important for wastewater treatment. Azo-dyes are synthetic organic colorants that exhibit great structural variety. A large majority of these dyes are released into the environment. The textile industry and dyestuff manufacturing industry are two major sources of released azodyes. In the present study, we focus on the anoxic degradation of a disperse azo-dye, p-aminoazobenzene (pAAB), a simple azo-dye, by a pure culture of Bacillus subtilis, growing on a synthetic medium. Bacillus subtilis is a bacterium capable of using nitrate and/or nitrite as terminal electron acceptor under anoxic conditions. This bacterium lacks the capability for fermentation. The degradation of p-aminoazobenzene by Bacillus subtilis was examined through batch experiments in order to elucidate the mechanism of dye degradation. The results proved that Bacillus subtilis co-metabolizes p-aminoazobenzene under denitrifying conditions, in the presence of glucose as carbon source, producing aniline and p-phenylenediamine as the nitrogen-nitrogen double bond is broken.

Biodegradation of selected azo dyes under methanogenic conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elías Razo-Flores ◽  
Maurice Luijten ◽  
Brian Donlon ◽  
Gatze Lettinga ◽  
Jim Field
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Azo Reduction ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Biological treatment of wastewaters discharged by the textile industry could potentially be problematic due to the high toxicity and recalcitrance of the commonly-used azo dye compounds. In the present report, the fate of two azo dyes under methanogenic conditions was studied. Mordant Orange 1 (MO1) and Azodisalicylate (ADS) were completely reduced and decolorised in continuous UASB reactors in the presence of cosubstrates. In the MO1 reactor, both 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and 1,4-phenylenediamine were identified as products of azo cleavage. After long adaptation periods, 5-ASA was detected at trace levels, indicating further mineralization. ADS, a pharmaceutical azo dye constructed from two 5-ASA units, was completely mineralized even in the absence of cosubstrate, indicating that the metabolism of 5-ASA could provide the reducing equivalents needed for the azo reduction. Batch experiments confirmed the ADS mineralization. These results demonstrate that some azo dyes could serve as a carbon, energy, and nitrogen source for anaerobic bacteria.

Role of Enzymes From Microbes in the Treatment of Recalcitrant From Industries

2018 ◽  
pp. 395-420
Author(s):  
Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Degradation Of Azo Dye

The limited availability of fresh water is a global crisis. The growing consumption of fresh water due to anthropogenic activities has taken its toll on available water resources. Unfortunately, water bodies are still used as sinks for waste water from domestic and industrial sources. Azo dyes account for the majority of all dye stuffs, produced because they are extensively used in the textile, paper, food, leather, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Bacterial degradation of azo dyes under certain environmental conditions has gained momentum as a method of treatment, as these are inexpensive, eco-friendly, and can be applied to wide range of such complex dyes. The enzymatic approach has attracted much interest with regard to degradation of azo dyes from wastewater. The oxido-reductive enzymes are responsible for generating highly reactive free radicals that undergo complex series of spontaneous cleavage reactions, due to the susceptibility of enzymes to inactivation in the presence of the other chemicals. The oxidoreductive enzymes, such as lignin peroxidase, laccases, tyrosinase, azoreductase, riboflavin reductive, polyphenol oxidase, and aminopyrine n-demethylase, have been mainly utilized in the bacterial degradation of azo dye. Along with the reductive enzymes, some investigators have demonstrated the involvement in some other enzymes, such as Lignin peroxides and other enzymes. This chapter reviews the importance of enzymes in dye degradation.

scholarly journals Bio-degradation of Azo Dye Acid Orange-10 by a New Isolate of Bacillus subtilis Isolated from Soil Sample around Textile Industry in South Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-716
Author(s):  
Hema Gunti ◽  
Vyshali Venkatappa Maruthiramaih ◽  
Tippeswamy Boreddy Shivanandappa
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Acid Orange ◽  
Acid Orange 10 ◽  
Static Conditions

Untreated effluents from the textile industry affect aquatic life irreversibly. Synthetic dyes not only change the color of water resources but also make them hazardous.The main objective of the study was to evaluate the decolorizing potential of a new isolate of Bacillus subtilis from soil samples contaminated with industrial effluent in and around textile industrial area in South Karnataka. This isolate of Bacillus subtilis has high decolorizing potential and took only 24 hrs for complete decolorization of acid orange-10 azo dye at 200ppm. Different parameters like temperature, pH, aeration, dye concentration and inoculum size were optimized for complete decolorization of Acid orange-10 azo dye by this isolate of Bacillus subtilis. The dye was completely decolorized at 400C within 24 hrs and it was capable of decolorizing 700 ppm dye in 72 hrs. Optimum pH was found to be 8.5 and maximum decolorization was achieved under static conditions. As the inoculum size increased, the time taken for complete decolorization of Acid orange-10 dye was decreased from 36 hrs at 1% to 16 hrs at 10% of inoculum size. The new isolate decolorizes 100 ppm of dye completely (i.e.100%) within 12hrs of incubation. The time taken for the complete decolorization increased with increase in the concentration of Acid orange-10 azo dye. In conclusion, the new isolate of Bacillus subtilis from soil samples contaminated with textile industrial effluent was found to be a potential candidate for decolorization of Acid orange-10 azo dye in textile effluents.

scholarly journals Investigating degradation metabolites and underlying pathway of azo dye “Reactive Black 5” in bioaugmented floating treatment wetlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nain Tara ◽  
Mazhar Iqbal ◽  
Fazale Habib ◽  
Qaiser Mahmood Khan ◽  
Samina Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Acinetobacter Junii ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Successful Removal ◽  
Floating Treatment Wetlands

Abstract The direct discharge of azo dyes and/or their metabolites into the environment may exert toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects on exposed fauna and flora. In this study, we analyzed the metabolites produced during the degradation of an azo dye namely Reactive Black 5 (RB5) in the bacterial augmented-floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), followed by the investigation of their underlying toxicity. To this end, a FTWs system was developed by using a common wetland plant Phragmites australis in the presence of three dye-degrading bacteria (Acinetobacter junii strain NT-15, Pseudomonas indoloxydans strain NT-38, and Rhodococcus sp. strain NT-39). We found that the FTW system effectively degraded RB5 into at least 20 different metabolites with the successful removal of color (95.5%) from the water. The fish toxicity assay revealed the non-toxic characteristics of the metabolites produced after dye degradation. Our study suggests that bacterially aided FTWs could be a suitable option for the successful degradation of azo dyes, and the results presented in this study may help improve the overall textile effluent clean-up processes.

scholarly journals Bioefficacies of microbes for mitigation of Azo dyes in textile industry effluent: A review

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9858-9881
Author(s):  
Ambika Saxena ◽  
Sarika Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Textile Dyeing ◽  
Industry Effluent ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, India has emerged as a promising industrial hub. It has a cluster of textile, dyeing, and printing industries. The adjoining rivers/water bodies receive mostly untreated discharge from these industries. Textile industrial effluent contains various contaminants (dyes, heavy metals, toxicants, and other organic/inorganic dissolved solids) that alter the physico-chemical properties of adjoining land and waterbodies in which it is discharged, thereby degrading the water quality and subsequently affecting the landscapes in the vicinity. This ultimately affects the flora and fauna of the locale and has adverse effects on human health. Out of the total dyes (approximately 10,000 dyes) exploited in the textile dyeing and printing units, azo dyes possess a complex structure and are synthetic in origin. They contribute nearly 70% to the total effluent discharge. Biological processes are based on the ability of inhabiting indigenous microorganisms in these contaminated environments to tolerate, resist, decolorize/degrade, and mitigate the recalcitrant compounds. Exploring microbes with higher efficacy of azo dye degradation can reduce the amount of chemical discharged from the process. The present review explores the potential of microbial diversity for the development of an effective bioremediation approach. The review also includes the impact of azo dyes on the flora and fauna, as well as conventional and microbe-assisted nanoparticle technology for treatment of the textile wastewater targeting the degradation of dye contaminants.

scholarly journals Phylogenetically diverse bacteria isolated from tattoo inks, an azo dye-rich environment, decoloize a wide range of azo dyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Won Nho ◽  
Xue Wen Cui ◽  
Ohgew Kweon ◽  
Jinshan Jin ◽  
Huizhong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Methyl Red ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Optical Absorbance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
Tattoo Inks

Abstract Purpose: There has been an interest in the microbial azo dye degradation as an optional method for the treatment of azo dye-containing wastes. Tattoo ink is an extremely unique azo dye-rich environment, which never been explored in terms of microorganisms capable of degrading azo dyes. Previously, we isolated 81 phylogenetically diverse bacteria, belonging to 20 genera and 49 species, contaminated in tattoo inks. In this study, we investigated if these bacteria, which can survive in the azo dye-rich environment, have an ability to degrade azo dyes. Methods: We conducted a two-step azo dye degradation (or decolorization) assay. In step 1, a high-throughput degradability assay was done for 81 bacterial isolates using Methyl Red and Oragne II. In step 2, a further degradation assay was done for 10 selected bacteria with a representative of 11 azo dyes, including 3 commercial tattoo ink azo dyes. Degradation of azo dyes were calculated from measuring optical absorbance of souble dyes at specific wavelenths. Results: The initial high-throughput azo dye assay (step 1) showed that 79 isolates had a complete or partial degradation of azo dyes; >90% of Methyl Red and Orange II were degraded within 24 h, by 74 and 20 isolates, respectively. A further evaluation of azo dye degradability for 10 selected isolates in step 2 showed that the isolates, belonging to Bacillus , Brevibacillus , Paenibacillus , and Pseudomonas , exhibited an excellent decolorization ability for a wide range of azo dyes. Conclusions: This study showed that phylogenetically diverse bacteria, isolated from azo dye-rich tattoo inks, is able to degrade a diverse range of azo dyes, including 3 azo dyes used in commercial tattoo inks. Some of the strains would be good candidates for future studies to provide a systematic understanding of azo dye degradation mechanisms

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Two Textile Azo Dye-Degrading Shewanella sp. Strains Isolated from a Textile Effluent in Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivette Fuentes ◽  
Robert Ccorahua ◽  
Oscar Tinoco ◽  
Oscar León ◽  
Pablo Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Textile Effluent ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Here, we report the annotated genome sequences of two Shewanella sp. strains isolated from textile industry wastewater effluent in Peru. Potential genes for encoding enzymes that enable the strain to decolorize and degrade textile azo dyes were detected in both genomes.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization ofParacoccussp. GSM2 Capable of Degrading Textile Azo Dye Reactive Violet 5

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallikarjun C. Bheemaraddi ◽  
Santosh Patil ◽  
Channappa T. Shivannavar ◽  
Subhashchandra M. Gaddad
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir

A potential bacterial strain GSM2, capable of degrading an azo dye Reactive Violet 5 as a sole source of carbon, was isolated from textile mill effluent from Solapur, India. The 16S rDNA sequence and phenotypic characteristics indicated an isolated organism asParacoccussp. GSM2. This strain exhibited complete decolorization of Reactive Violet 5 (100 mg/L) within 16 h, while maximally it could decolorize 800 mg/L of dye within 38 h with 73% decolorization under static condition. For color removal, the most suitable pH and temperature were pH 6.0–9.0 and 25–40°C, respectively. The isolate was able to decolorize more than 70% of five structurally different azo dyes within 38 h. The isolate is salt tolerant as it can bring out more than 90% decolorization up to a salt concentration of 2% (w/v). UV-Visible absorption spectra before and after decolorization suggested that decolorization was due to biodegradation and was further confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Overall results indicate the effectiveness of the strain GSM2 explored for the treatment of textile industry effluents containing various azo dyes. To our knowledge, this could be the first report on biodegradation of Reactive Violet 5 byParacoccussp. GSM2.

scholarly journals Integrated Approach On Degaradtion Of Azo Dyes Using Laccase Enzyme And Nanoparticle With Its Interaction By In Silco Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Sridharan ◽  
Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy ◽  
Archana Murali.K ◽  
Revathy Rajagopal ◽  
Thirumal Kumar. D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Laccase Enzyme ◽  
Silico Analysis

ABSTRACTAzo dyes, released by the textile industries causes severe damage to the environment and living organisms. The degradation of azo dyes is widely studied using enzymatic methods. Laccase, is a copper containing enzyme that degrades the azo dyes into less toxic compounds. In this work, Laccase enzyme produced by the alkaliphile Pseudomonas mendocina in the degradation of mixed azo dye showed 0.386 U/Ml activity at pH 8.5. Combination of enzymatic and green synthesised nanoparticle were used in the degradation mixed azo dye. Laccase used in the degradation of mixed azo dyes showed 58.46% in 72 hours while the photocatalytic degradation of mixed azo dyes showed 15.98%. The degradation of azo dyes using copper iodide nanoparticle resulted in 15.835% of mixed azo dye degradation. But it was noticed that combined method removed 62.35% of mixed azo dyes in 60 minutes. Interaction of laccase enzyme with azo dyes using in silico analysis predicted the binding energy of RR (−7.19 kcal/mol), RB (−8.57 kcal/mol) and RBL (−9.17 kcal/mol).

Pretreatment of azo dyes using ozone

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Liakou ◽  
M. Kornaros ◽  
G. Lyberatos
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Kinetics Of

Wastewaters produced in textile industrial processes contain organic dyes which are not easily amenable to biological treatment. Pretreatment with ozone is a promising method for oxidation of those dyes to more degradable compounds. The aim of this work is to assess the oxidation kinetics of a specific azo dye used in the textile industry, Orange II. Batch experiments were conducted in order to elucidate the oxidation route of the dye. Oxalate, formate and benzenesulfonate are found to be the oxidation intermediate compounds. A mathematical model which describes the dye elimination, the COD and BOD5 variation, the amount of ozone reacted and the time evolution of the intermediate compounds has been developed.

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