Micropollutant removal with saturated biological activated carbon (BAC) in ozonation–BAC process

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 283-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Kim Woo ◽  
Wataru Nishijima ◽  
Aloysius U. Baes ◽  
Mitsumasa Okada
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Micropollutant Removal

The objective of this study is to evaluate the adsorption capacity of BAC saturated with natural organic matter (NOM) for micropollutant removal which intermittently enter into water sources and to compare this to sand filtration that has no adsorbability but has biodegradability. The removal of intermittently applied micropollutants was examined with two BAC and sand filters. Two BAC filters which have been operated for 6 and 20 months and a sand filter being used for 6 months for the treatment of reservoir water were used in this experiment. EBCT of these BAC and sand filter were 15 minutes. Bromophenol (highly adsorbable but refractory) and phenol (adsorbable and biodegradable) were used instead of targeted micropollutants. Bromophenol and phenol of about 200 μg·l−1 were applied for 24 hours. The BAC 1, which was used for 20 months had already lost its adsorbability because it was saturated with NOM. BAC 2 filter which was used for 6 months had small adsorption capacity for NOM. As a result, either BAC 2 or BAC 1 removed bromophenol (160 μg·l−1) completely for 24 hours spike, but sand filter did not removed at all. Bromophenol can be removed only by adsorption, therefore bromophenol might be removed through adsorption by BAC. On the other hand, phenol (220 μg·l−1) whose adsorbability is lower than bromophenol, was removed completely by both BAC 1 and BAC 2. These results indicate that micropollutants with similar adsorbability as that of phenol and bromophenol can be removed by BAC even after a long period of operation and saturation with NOM.

scholarly journals Effect of Changes in Physical Properties of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) on the Adsorption of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) with Increasing the Number of Thermal Regeneration: Pore Size and NOM Molecular Weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 537-546
Author(s):  
Heejong Son ◽  
Sangki Choi ◽  
Byungryul An ◽  
Hyejin Lee ◽  
Hoon-Sik Yoom
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Thermal Regeneration

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing the number of regeneration of granular activated carbon (GAC) on the adsorption capacity of natural organic matter (NOM), and to suggest the technical process options associated the limit number of regeneration and the efficient use of regenerated GAC.Methods : The physicochemical properties of virgin and thermally regenerated GAC were analyzed. To evaluate the NOM adsorption capacity of virgin- and regenerated-GAC, five laboratory-scale columns packed with virgin- and regenerated-GAC were used for treating effluent from pilot-scale drinking water treatment facility. The NOM concentration in the influent and the effluent treated by each column was analyzed by LC-OCD (liquid chromatography-organic carbon detector) to evaluate the adsorption capacity of each NOM fractions (humic substances (HS), building blocks (BB), low molecular weight organics (LMWs)).Results and Discussion : Due to the change in the pore structure of GAC by thermal regeneration, the volume of micropores (< 2 nm) decreased, while the volume of mesopores (> 2 nm) increased. The volume ratio of micropore in virgin-GAC was about 60%, but it gradually decreased as the number of regenerations increased, resulting that the volume ratio of micropore in the 5th-regenerated (5th-Re) GAC decreased to 23%. On the other hand, the volume ratio of mesopore increased in proportion to the number of regenerations from 40% of the virgin GAC to 77% of the 5th-Re-GAC. The DOC adsorption capacities of the regenerated GACs were higher than that of virgin GAC, and the DOC adsorption capacity increased as the number of regenerations increased. As a result of comparing the adsorption capacity of virgin- and regenerated-GAC by NOM fractions, the adsorption capacity of high molecular weight NOM, such as HS, increased by 1.5 to 1.7 times as the number of regenerations increased. In contrast, the adsorption capacity of low molecular weight NOM, such as BB and LMWs, decreased by 78% and 48% as the number of regeneration increased. The limit number of regeneration was evaluated based on that the adsorption capacity (qe) of each NOM fractions keep over than 70% relative to its virgin GAC. As a result, the adsorption capacity for low molecular weight NOM was greatly reduced in GAC regenerated over than 3rd time, so that the 2nd-Re-GAC was valid to keep 70% removal of whole NOM fractions. Low adsorption of low molecular weight NOM (BB and LMWs) by 3rd-Re-GAC could be complemented by using together with virgin-GAC, and low adsorption of high molecular NOMs (HS) could be compensated as well.Conclusions : Due to the change in the pore structure of GAC by thermal regeneration, the DOC adsorption capacity was higher in regenerated GAC than its virgin-GAC, and the adsorption capacity of DOC and high molecular weight NOM (HS) was enhanced as the number of regenerations increased. On the other hand, the pore volume of micropore was reduced by regenerations, and in more than 3rd times regenerations, the adsorption capacity of low molecular weight NOMs (BB and LMWs) was reduced by less than 70% compared to its virgin GAC, so that 2nd-Re-GAC was suggested for suitable GAC. When using a mixture of virgin- and 3rd-Re-GAC, low adsorption of low molecular weight NOM (BB and LMWs) by 3rd-Re-GAC could be complemented by using together with virgin-GAC, and low adsorption of high molecular NOMs (HS) could be compensated as well.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Olive Mill Effluents and Treatments Essays by Sand Filters Followed by Macrophytes Systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Laila Mandi ◽  
Mounia Achak ◽  
Naaila Ouazzani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Industrial Oil ◽  
Olive Mill

Industrial oil olives have a fundamental economic importance for many countries around the Mediterranean Sea. However, during oil olive production, large amount of polluted waters known as olive mill wastewaters (OMW) are generated. Many studies have been undertaken to find efficient treatment systems and several techniques have been tested, but there have been few studies investigating sand filter or macrophytic plants for this type of effluent. The objective of this work is to study of the suitability of macrophytic plants to treat olive mill wastewater (OMW) after their passage through sand filter. The experimental pilot consists of a sand filter followed by a planted system. The sand filter is filled with 50 cm of sand and 10 cm of gravel in the top and the bottom of the filter. The alimentation (4 cm/j) is done sequentially following one day wet /three days dry cycle. In order to activate the degradation processes in the sand filter, OMW are diluted at 50% by domestic wastewater. The second step of the treatment consists of a tank (1x1x1 m3) filled with 20 cm of gravel and 60 cm of soil planted with a mixture of aquatic plants (Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and Arundo donax) at a density of 25 young plants/m2 and irrigated two times in the week by 20L of preliminary filtered OMW. The obtained results show that the sand filter ensures a neutralization of the OMW pH which passes from 4.79 to 7.68. The enrichment of sand by the micro-organisms makes it possible to have an important mineralization of the organic matter. After ten weeks of operation of this system without clogging sign, the rate of abatement of the TSS, total COD, dissolved COD and phenolic compounds is about 70%, 79%, 76% and 81% respectively. The preliminary outputs by the planted system show a good adaptation of the tested plants to the preliminary treated OMW. The pilot allows an elimination of 94% of TSS, 99.7% of total COD, 99.5% of dissolved COD and 95% of phenolic compounds. With regard to OMW treatment efficiency, the results obtained agree with important role of macrophytes for maintaining the aquatic plants treatment capability particularly for wastewater with high organic matter.

scholarly journals Performance of polychaete assisted sand filters under contrasting nutrient loads in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jerónimo ◽  
Ana Isabel Lillebø ◽  
Andreia Santos ◽  
Javier Cremades ◽  
Ricardo Calado
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Hediste Diversicolor ◽  
Sand Filters

AbstractPolychaete assisted sand filters (PASFs) allow to combine a highly efficient retention of particulate organic matter (POM) present in aquaculture effluent water and turn otherwise wasted nutrients into valuable worm biomass, following an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) approach. This study evaluated the bioremediation and biomass production performances of three sets of PASFs stocked with ragworms (Hediste diversicolor) placed in three different locations of an open marine land-based IMTA system. The higher organic matter (OM) recorded in the substrate of the systems which received higher POM content (Raw and Df PASFs – filtered raw and screened by drum filter effluent, respectively) likely prompted a superior reproductive success of stocked polychaetes (final densities 2–7 times higher than initial stock; ≈1000–3000 ind. m−2). Bioremediation efficiencies of ≈70% of supplied POM (≈1.5–1.8 mg L−1) were reported in these systems. The PASFs with lower content of OM in the substrate (Df + Alg PASFs – filtered effluent previously screened by drum filter and macroalgae biofilter) differed significantly from the other two, with stocked polychaetes displaying a poorer reproductive success. The PASFs were naturally colonized with marine invertebrates, with the polychaetes Diopatra neapolitana, Terebella lapidaria and Sabella cf. pavonina being some of the species identified with potential for IMTA.

scholarly journals Biodegradation Behavior of Ozonated Natural Organic Matter in Sand Filters

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Z. Wang ◽  
R. S. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Exchange Resins

Natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water is a complex mixture of organic compounds. Some of the compounds are not biodegradable, while others are quickly biodegradable and a third group is more resistant to biodegradation. To have a better understanding of the biofiltration process in drinking water treatment, it is important to identify the elements of the quickly and slowly biodegradable NOM and to characterize the biodegradation rate of each element. In this study, an ozonated NOM solution was used as the substrate. The NOM was isolated from a groundwater in Germany using ion-exchange resins. The ozone dose was 0.35 mg O3/mg DOC (dissolved organic carbon). Previously bioacclimated sand was used as filter media and biomass source and was homogeneously distributed in the filter prior to each run. The substrate removal was evaluated by DOC, biodegradable DOC (BDOC), assimilable organic carbon (AOC), aldehyde and ketoacid analyses. When expressed in terms of the empty bed contact time (EBCT), the results showed that filter velocity in the range of 1.5 to 15 m/hr had no impact on substrate removal. This implies that substrate utilization, not external mass transfer, is the rate limiting step for substrate removal in drinking water biofilters. In this study, compounds or NOM fractions are termed quickly biodegradable if they are removed in the first three minutes of EBCT. 15% of the DOC was removed by the biofilter within three minutes of EBCT and was termed the quickly biodegradable fraction. The BDOC fraction of the ozonated solution was determined to be 40 to 45% of the DOC. In terms of BDOC, about one third of the total BDOC was quickly biodegradable. The AOC results show that about 90% of the total AOC was utilized by Spirillum sp. NOX (AOC-NOX). Most of the AOC was quickly biodegradable and was removed within one minute of EBCT. For aldehydes, glyoxal and methyl glyoxal were removed to below the detection limit after two minutes of EBCT. However, only 60% of formaldehyde removal was achieved in the first two minutes of EBCT, and no additional removal was achieved with increasing EBCT. Additionally, no significant removal of acetaldehyde was observed. The results of ketoacids show that their utilization rates were very high. More than 90% of glyoxylic acid and pyruvic acid were removed within one minute of EBCT.

scholarly journals Facile synthesis of graphene wool doped with oleylamine-capped silver nanoparticles (GW-αAgNPs) for water treatment applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedapo O. Adeola ◽  
Gugu Kubheka ◽  
Evans M. N. Chirwa ◽  
Patricia B. C. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Process Economics

AbstractThe facile synthesis of graphene wool doped with oleylamine-capped silver nanoparticles (GW-αAgNP) was achieved in this study. The effect of concentration, pH, temperature and natural organic matter (NOM) on the adsorption of a human carcinogen (benzo(a)pyrene, BaP) was evaluated using the doped graphene wool adsorbent. Furthermore, the antibacterial potential of GW-αAgNP against selected drug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria strains was evaluated. Isotherm data revealed that adsorption of BaP by GW-αAgNP was best described by a multilayer adsorption mechanism predicted by Freundlich model with least ERRSQ < 0.79. The doping of graphene wool with hydrophobic AgNPs coated with functional moieties significantly increased the maximum adsorption capacity of GW-αAgNP over GW based on the qmax and qm predicted by Langmuir and Sips models. π-π interactions contributed to sorbent-sorbate interaction, due to the presence of delocalized electrons. GW-αAgNP-BaP interaction is a spontaneous exothermic process (negative $$\Delta H^\circ$$ Δ H ∘ and $$\Delta G)$$ Δ G ) , with better removal efficiency in the absence of natural organic matter (NOM). While GW is more feasible with higher maximum adsorption capacity (qm) at elevated temperatures, GW-αAgNP adsorption capacity and efficiency is best at ambient temperature, in the absence of natural organic matter (NOM), and preferable in terms of energy demands and process economics. GW-αAgNP significantly inhibited the growth of Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis strains, at 1000 mg/L dosage in preliminary tests, which provides the rationale for future evaluation of this hybrid material as a smart solution to chemical and microbiological water pollution.

Adsorptive fouling of a polypropylene microfiltration membrane with dissolved natural organic matter: do membranes possess an adsorption capacity?

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koh ◽  
M.M. Clark ◽  
K.P. Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Aromatic Ether

Rejection by membrane adsorption has been observed and widely reported. However, little is known about whether membranes possess an adsorption capacity. Experimental data showed that when a hydrophobic polypropylene (PP) microfilter was used to filter a large volume of particle-free surface water containing dissolved natural organic matter (NOM), later batches of microfiltration (MF) permeate caused more flux decline to a fresh 20K-Dalton polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafilter. This suggests that membranes can have an adsorption capacity for foulants. In this research, the gradual increase in absorbance of ultraviolet (UV) light by subsequent batches of MF permeate was observed, and supports the findings from previous studies, that only a small fraction of NOM causes membrane fouling. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and energy dispersive spectroscopy of fouled PP and PES membranes suggests foulants containing amide, aromatic, ether, hydroxyl and silicate functional groups. Silicates appear to participate in membrane fouling, and its removal with the small fraction of fouling NOM can reduce the fouling potential of water. These data improve our understanding of membrane fouling by natural waters, and have implications for the design of membrane plants that filter natural waters.

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