Selection of natural treatment processes for algae removal from stabilisation ponds effluents in Brasilia, using multicriterion methods

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Neder ◽  
G.A. Carneiro ◽  
T.R. Queiroz ◽  
M.A.A. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Algae Removal ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Selection Of

A multicriterion methodology is used in the evaluation and selection of the most appropriate alternative(s) for removing algae from stabilisation ponds effluents in a case study in Brasilia. For this purpose, five different natural treatment processes are tested at pilot scale: rock filter, sand filter, floating aquatic plants, constructed wetlands, and overland flow. These pilot units were constructed in Brasilia and set in parallel, each one receiving a portion of the effluent that comes from an existing wastewater treatment plant composed of preliminary treatment, UASB reactors, and high-rate stabilisation ponds. Several evaluation criteria are used in order to relate the capabilities of the post-treatment processes to the multiple objectives in this case. Two multicriterion decision-aid methods - compromise programming and ELECTRE-III - are used to select the most satisfying processes. The top ranking alternatives are indicated for subsequent studies, considering the possible implementation of these technologies to existing plants.

Nitrate removal using Brevundimonas diminuta MTCC 8486 from ground water

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kavitha ◽  
R. Selvakumar ◽  
M. Sathishkumar ◽  
K. Swaminathan ◽  
P. Lakshmanaperumalsamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Brevundimonas Diminuta

Brevundimonas diminuta MTCC 8486, isolated from marine soil of coastal area of Trivandrum, Kerala, was used for biological removal of nitrate from ground water collected from Kar village of Pali district, Rajasthan. The organism was found to be resistance for nitrate up to 10,000 mg L−1. The optimum growth conditions for biological removal of nitrate were established in batch culture. The effect of carbon sources on nitrate removal was investigated using mineral salt medium (MSM) containing 500 mg L−1 of nitrate to select the most effective carbon source. Among glucose and starch as carbon source, glucose at 1% concentration increased the growth (182±8.24 × 104 CFU mL−1) and induced maximum nitrate reduction (86.4%) at 72 h. The ground water collected from Kar village, Pali district of Rajasthan containing 460±5.92 mg L−1 of nitrate was subjected to three different treatment processes in pilot scale (T1 to T3). Higher removal of nitrate was observed in T2 process (88%) supplemented with 1% glucose. The system was scaled up to 10 L pilot scale treatment plant. At 72 h the nitrate removal was observed to be 95% in pilot scale plant. The residual nitrate level (23±0.41 mg L−1) in pilot scale treatment process was found to be below the permissible limit of WHO.

scholarly journals Optimization of some fermentation conditions for bioethanol production from microalgae using response surface method

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar A. El-Mekkawi ◽  
Sayeda M. Abdo ◽  
Farag A. Samhan ◽  
Gamila H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Bioethanol Yield

Abstract Background Algal biomass fermentation is one of the promising alternatives for bioethanol production. The bioethanol yield relies on fermentation conditions as the algal biomass amount, the yeast volume (% v/v), and the fermentation time. In this work, algal biomass harvested from a pilot-scale high rate algal pond (HRAP) was fermented anaerobically using immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 4126). The HRAP was constructed at the Zenin wastewater treatment plant (WTP), Giza, Egypt. A separate hydrolysis fermentation process (SHF) was applied for algal biomass. The effect of the algal biomass amount, the yeast volume (% v/v), and the time of fermentation as three independent variables were studied simultaneously and analyzed statistically using Design-Expert software V6.0.8. Results The harvested algal biomass from HRAP contains 45% carbohydrates and was dominated by Microcystis sp. The results revealed that optimum bioethanol yield 18.57 g/L is achieved by fermenting 98.7 g/L algae using 15.09% of the volume immobilized yeast for 43.6 h with a 95% confidence interval. Conclusion Microalgae grown on wastewater are a promising source of bioethanol production. Maximizing the ethanol production is achieved by optimizing the fermentation parameters as algal biomass, fermentation time, and yeast volume percent. The simultaneous optimization of the parameters using a statistical program is an effective way to maximize the production and predict a model that describes the relationship between these parameters and their response. The prospective research is going to study the effect of these predicted parameters on continuous fermentation on the semi-pilot scale.

Intermittent Aeration for Nitrogen Removal in Small Aerated Lagoon

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Koottatep ◽  
C. Leesanga ◽  
H. Araki
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Save Energy

Intermittent aeration has been proved to be an efficient method in nitrogen removal in many biological treatment processes. Aerated lagoon has been used as domestic wastewater treatment for a small housing estates in Thailand for quite sometime. The purpose of this study is to determine whether intermittent aeration of aerated lagoon could provide efficient nitrogen removal in domestic wastewater. The experiment was carried out using pilot scale aerated lagoon at Chiangmai University. The result showed that 45% of total nitrogen removal could be achieved by aeration and non-aeration of 12 hours each cycle. The intermittent aeration did not affect organic substances removal of the process. Sludge recycle during non-aeration period may improve total nitrogen removal. The method could be introduced to save energy of small wastewater treatment plant.

Algal Removal Studies on a Pilot Scale Water Treatment Plant at Loch Leven, Kinross

1974 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Johnson ◽  
M. R. Farley ◽  
R. E. Youngman
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Loch Leven ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Removal Studies

SynopsisDuring 1970 a pilot-scale water treatment plant was operated at Loch Leven to investigate the feasibility of producing a potable water from such a source.The study showed that while no particular problems were encountered in producing a water of satisfactory chemical quality it was rarely possible to produce a water of satisfactory biological quality. This was due to the fact that the water treatment processes investigated were unable to retain sufficiently large numbers of the small algae so characteristic of Loch Leven and as a consequence the finished water nearly always contained unacceptably high numbers of algae.

Bacterial removal in three pilot-scale wastewater treatment systems for rural areas

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Garcia ◽  
E. Bécares
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

A comparative study on the removal of several pathogenic bacteria and their indicators was carried out at three natural wastewater treatment systems: stabilisation pond, high-rate algal pond and a free-water macrophyte system, retention times being 24, 5 and 3 days respectively. The macrophyte system showed higher removal efficiency for most of the groups, followed by stabilisation pond and high rate algal pond. All systems showed their highest efficiencies in the reduction of total coliforms, ranging from 98.68% for the stabilisation pond to 99.48% for the macrophyte process. Highly significant differences were found between the systems for bifidobacteria, C. perfringens and total coliforms removal. Pathogens and their indicators showed a different behaviour in their daily removal rate depending on the treatment plant.

Formation characterization and removal of disinfection by-products in water treatment processes

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
S. Chae ◽  
C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
One Year ◽  
By Products

This study evaluates the formation and removal of DBPs along with precursors in a pilot-scale treatment plant employing conventional treatment processes (coagulation/ sedimentation/filtration), ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment with three EBCT (10 min, 15 min, 20 min) and three types of GACs (coal-based F400, coal-based SLC, coconut-based SLC-2000). Pilot-scale study suggested that the GAC adsorber demanded more than EBCT 15 min for DBPs removal and exhibited excellent performance for HAA removal. During approximate a one-year pilot scale evaluation for ozone/GAC processes, as high efficiency of removal was continued, exchange cycle and regeneration life of GAC need to be decided through longer operation.

scholarly journals Energy efficient treatment of A-stage effluent: pilot-scale experiences with shortcut nitrogen removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2150-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Seuntjens ◽  
B. L. M. Bundervoet ◽  
H. Mollen ◽  
C. De Mulder ◽  
E. Wypkema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
N Removal

Energy autarky of sewage treatment plants, while reaching chemical oxygen demand (COD) and N discharge limits, can be achieved by means of shortcut N-removal. This study presents the results of a shortcut N-removal pilot, located at the biological two-‘stage (high/low rate) wastewater treatment plant of Breda, The Netherlands. The pilot treated real effluent of a high-rate activated sludge (COD/N = 3), fed in a continuous mode at realistic loading rates (90–100 g N/(m3·d)). The operational strategy, which included increased stress on the sludge settling velocity, showed development of a semi-granular sludge, with average particle size of 280 μm (ø4,3), resulting in increased suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. The process was able to remove part of the nitrogen (51 ± 23%) over nitrite, with COD/N removal ratios of 3.2 ± 0.9. The latter are lower than the current operation of the full-scale B-stage in Breda (6.8–9.4), showing promising results for carbon-efficient N-removal, while producing a well settling sludge (SVI30 < 100 mL/g).

Industrial wastewater treatment by on-site pilot static granular bed reactor (SGBR)

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Park ◽  
Jin Hwan Oh ◽  
Eric A. Evans ◽  
Michael F. Lally ◽  
Keith L. Hobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Granular Bed ◽  
Active Volume ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Continuous Basis ◽  
Static Granular Bed Reactor

The on-site pilot-scale Static Granular Bed Reactor (SGBR) was used to treat the dairy processing wastewater at the Tulare Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant (IWTP). A pilot unit with approximately 42.5 m3 of active volume was operated for 7 months on a continuous basis with a range of 9 to 48 h HRT condition at ambient temperature. Throughout the whole study, COD and BOD5 removal was consistently over 90% under a broad range of organic loading conditions ranging from 0.63 to 9.72 kg/m3/d. TSS removal was also greater than 80% on average. In terms of organic removal, the SGBR system was robust to the temperature variations ranging from 10 to 29 °C. The adequate periodic backwashing consistently provided the maintenance of a head loss and the wastewater level in the reactor. Based on these results, the SGBR seems to be an excellent alternative for the required pretreatment system from the Tulare IWTP. Several benefits for IWTP could be provided by a full scale application of SGBR due to its simple design and operational advantages over conventional high rate anaerobic systems.

Design and Operation Interaction – An Example: Main Treatment Plant Vienna

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 493-506
Author(s):  
W von der Emde
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Purification Efficiency ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Gravity Thickening ◽  
Met Expectations

The development of the Main Treatment Plant Vienna-Simmering for 2,5 million population equivalent, which was recently put into operation, is described. The biological stage is a high rate activated sludge process at 1,2 days sludge age and 1,5 h average nominal hydraulic detention time. In a pilot Scale study, the design criteria for the biological stage were fully confirmed and indicated that the required purification efficiency (70 %) could readily be achieved (88 %) . Sludge disposal is undertaken by gravity thickening, centrifugation and incineration. A comprehensive analysis of the present operation of the process has showed that the plant has fully met expectations.

Abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria on biological activated carbon in a pilot-scale drinking water treatment plant with different treatment processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3070-3077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuro Kasuga ◽  
Hirotaka Nakagaki ◽  
Futoshi Kurisu ◽  
Hiroaki Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Nitrification Potential ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Rapid Sand Filtration

The effects of different placements of rapid sand filtration on nitrification performance of BAC treatment in a pilot-scale plant were evaluated. In this plant, rapid sand filtration was placed after ozonation-BAC treatment in Process (A), while it preceded ozonation-BAC treatment in Process (B). Analysis of amoA genes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) combined with nitrification potential test was conducted. BAC from Process (A) demonstrated slightly higher nitrification potential at every sampling occasion. This might be due to higher abundances of AOB on BAC from Process (A) than those on BAC from Process (B). However, AOA rather than AOB could be predominant ammonia-oxidizers in BAC treatment regardless of the position of rapid sand filtration. The highest nitrification potential was observed for BAC from both processes in February when the highest abundances of AOA-amoA and AOB-amoA genes were detected. Since rapid sand filtration was placed after BAC treatment in Process (A), residual aluminum concentration in BAC influent was higher in Process (A). However, adverse effects of aluminum on nitrification activity were not observed. These results suggest that factors other than aluminum concentration in different treatment processes could possibly have some influence on abundances of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms on BAC.

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