Scenario analysis for reduction of effluent load from an agricultural area by recycling the run-off water

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Shiratani ◽  
I. Yoshinaga ◽  
Y. Feng ◽  
H. Hasebe
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Irrigation Drainage ◽  
Field Drainage

We reviewed rates of nitrogen (N) removal in paddy fields and wetlands. Then we developed a numerical model to simulate N flow in an agricultural paddy field area and analyzed scenarios for recycling the agricultural run-off, including field drainage, from an agricultural area with an irrigation/drainage system. In it, we considered N removal in paddy fields, a regulating reservoir, and canals. The review showed that the rate constant for N removal in paddy fields and wetlands was 0.025 m/d under natural conditions and 0.01 m/d under dark conditions. The scenario analysis of recycling paddy field run-off within the model area indicated that a large amount of the effluent load occurred during the transplanting period and that recycling could reduce the effluent N load. The effluent N load would be equal to the inflowing N load at a 48% recycling rate. In this scenario, paddy fields accounted for most of the reduction in the effluent N load, and the mean removal rates per unit area of paddy field and regulating reservoir were 53.6 g ha-1d-1 and 222.6 g ha-1d-1, respectively.

Nitrogen removal function of recycling irrigation system

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hitomi ◽  
I. Yoshinaga ◽  
Y.W. Feng ◽  
E. Shiratani
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Irrigation Period ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Irrigation Drainage

The purpose of this study was to clarify the nitrogen (N) purification capacity of a paddy field in a recycling irrigation system. Irrigation water was sampled at 12-h intervals during the irrigation period from April to September 2003. In addition, ponded water in a paddy field was collected at three points (inlet, centre and outlet). Total amounts of N were 30.7 kg ha−1 in inflow and 27.8 kg ha−1 in outflow. Thus, the net outflow load was −2.9 kg ha−1. The N removal rate constant when N removal is expressed as a 1st-order kinetic was 0.017–0.024 m d−1. This value is close to values of wetlands and paddy fields in the literature. We found a good correlation between recycling ratio and N removal effect. These results indicate that the recycling irrigation system accumulates N in the irrigation/drainage system, and thus the paddy field does a good job of water purification by removing N.

Influence of tillage practice on major pathways of CH4 emission in rice paddy field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiyori Namie ◽  
kasane Shimada ◽  
Shuang shuang Zhao ◽  
Munehide Ishiguro ◽  
Ryusuke Hatanano
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Drainage

<p> Generally, during the paddy rice cultivation period, CH<sub>4</sub> produced in the soil is reported to be released to the atmosphere through three pathways: diffusion (<1%), bubbles (<10%), and via rice (> 90%). However, there are few studies have measured gas diffusion coefficient for soil below surface of the water, and there is no study has provided an accurate understanding of CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics in paddy fields. Furthermore, there are few studies that understanding the CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics in fertilizer-free and pesticide-free paddy fields, which is mainly controlled by inter-tillage practices. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the effects of tillage and the number of inter-tillage and the presence or absence of fertilizer and pesticide on the CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics in rice paddy soil. This study compared three types of CH<sub>4</sub> flux, which were total CH<sub>4</sub> flux from rice paddy field measured by transparent chamber with plants, and soil derived CH<sub>4</sub> flux measured by dark chamber without plants, and gas diffusion flux calculated as a product of the gas diffusion coefficient and measured soil gas concentration gradient at the depths of 0-5 and 5-10cm. And they were compared with in the five rice cultivation periods (flooding, mid-drying, intermittent irrigation, drainage, and fallowing) and in the four treatment plots (conventional farming (CF), and fertilizer- and pesticide-free farming with zero-inter-tillage(T0), two-inter-tillage(T2), and five-inter-tillage (T5)). The CF was conducted according to the regional recommendation for tillage, fertilization and pest and weed control. The results showed that the peak of total CH<sub>4</sub> flux was observed in the mid-drying and intermittent irrigation periods in all treatments, and that the CH<sub>4 </sub>flux via rice plant accounted for 60-90% of the total CH<sub>4</sub> flux. The CF showed significantly highest CH<sub>4</sub> emission during the periods, and the increase of the number of inter-tillage tended to increase the CH<sub>4</sub> emission. In the drainage period, the CH<sub>4</sub> flux by bubbles in the CF and T5 accounted for more than 80% of the total CH<sub>4</sub> flux. In the fallowing period, the diffusion CH<sub>4</sub> flux at the depth of 5-10cm increased in all treatments, but the low total CH<sub>4 </sub>emission and increased CO<sub>2</sub> emission. This study revealed that incorporation of organic matter into soil in conventional rice farming tended to increase CH<sub>4</sub> emission. The main pathway of CH<sub>4</sub> emission from rice paddy field was via rice, and it was influenced by tillage significantly. The decomposition of organic matter from rice straw and weeds incorporated into soil was the source of the bubble of CH<sub>4</sub>. Furthermore, it seemed that the most of diffusively transferred CH<sub>4</sub> was easily oxidized to CO<sub>2</sub>.</p>

scholarly journals Penilaian Kebutuhan Petani atas Prasarana Usaha Tani pada Hamparan Sawah Beririgasi

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Mohamad Yanuar Jawardi Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
National Level ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Irrigation Pipes ◽  
Irrigation Infrastructure

<pre>The reliable paddy field infrastructure required to boost agricultural production needs. These requirements should be planned as an opportunity increasing farmer’s income to alleviate poverty and to achieve food security in national level. Farm infrastructure covers farm road, irrigation, and drainage in the existing irrigated paddy field. The existing farm infrastructure only have limited farm road, unstable irrigation canal, and without proper drainage system. For the sustainability of irrigated existence of paddy field infrastructure the needs and level of technology needed to consider the farmers opinion, so they can improve the existing agricultural infrastructure. The purpose of this activity are to reviewing the farmers perceptions about the needs of farmers irrigation infrastructure on paddy field with the way do focus group discussion (FGD). By conducting FGD in the irrigated paddy fields, farmers in Cianjur agree to adopt facilities of farm infrastructure. The results showed that farmers need farm roads, irrigation pipes, and the arrangement of paddy fields to be more organized and easier to do activity of farming. To infrastructure development of farming, the farmers agreed to build farm roads by utilizing the existing chanel kuarter and changing the ground channels of quarter with irrigation pipes.</pre><p> </p>

Suitable Buffer Strip Width along Rivers for Nitrate N Removal from Paddy Field Drainage

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Zhan-Yu ◽  
Chi Yi-Xia ◽  
Zhu Cheng-Li ◽  
Liu Jing-Jing
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Strip Width ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Field Drainage

scholarly journals The Value of a Decrease in Temperature by One Degree Celsius of the Regional Microclimate—The Cooling Effect of the Paddy Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Ya-Wen Chiueh ◽  
Chih-Hung Tan ◽  
Hsiang-Yi Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference

In the face of climate change, extreme climates are becoming more frequent. There were severe droughts in Taiwan in 2020, 2014–2015, and 2002. In these years, the paddy fields were kept fallow to save water and transfer agricultural water to non-agricultural use. On the other hand, with global warming, the existence of paddy fields may be one of the natural solutions to regional temperature mitigation. This study used remote sensing to quantify the difference in temperature between paddy fields and urban areas. The result of overall surface temperature deductive analysis revealed that the temperature in the whole Taoyuan research area was 1.2 °C higher in 2002 than in 2003 because of fallowing of the paddy field, while in the Hsinchu research area, it was 1.5 °C higher in 2002 than in 2003, due to the same reason described above. In terms of the difference in land use, for the Hsinchu research area, the surface temperature deductive result showed that the average paddy field temperature in 2002 was 22.3 °C (sample area average), which was 7.7 °C lower than that of the building and road point and 4.3 °C lower than that of the bare land point. The average paddy field temperature in 2003 was 19.2 °C (sample area average), which was 10.1 °C lower than that of the building and road point and 8.3 °C lower than that of the bare land point. Then this study evaluated the economic valuation of the paddy field cooling effect using the contingent valuation method. Through the paddy field cooling effect and in the face of worsening extreme global climate, the willingness to pay (WTP) of the respondents in Taiwan for a decrease of 1 °C with regard to the regional microclimate was evaluated. It was found that people in Taiwan are willing to pay an extra 8.89 USD/per kg rice/year for the paddy for a decrease in temperature by 1 °C in the regional microclimate due to the paddy field. Furthermore, this study applied the benefits transfer method to evaluate the value of a decrease of 1 °C in the regional microclimate in Taiwan. The value of a decrease of 1 °C in the regional microclimate in Taiwan is 9,693,144,279 USD/year. In this regard, the economic value of 1 °C must not be underestimated. In conclusion, more caution is needed while making decisions to change the land use of paddy fields to other land uses.

scholarly journals Effects of Contemporary Land Use Types and Conversions from Wetland to Paddy Field or Dry Land on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2094
Author(s):  
Di Zhao ◽  
Junyu Dong ◽  
Shuping Ji ◽  
Miansong Huang ◽  
Quan Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration is closely related to soil quality and climate change. The objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of contemporary land use on SOC concentrations at 0–20 cm depths, and to investigate the dynamics of SOC in paddy-field soil and dry-land soil after their conversion from natural wetlands (20 and 30 years ago). We investigated the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), and other soil properties (i.e., moisture content, bulk density, pH, clay, sand, silt, available phosphorous, light fraction nitrogen, and heavy fraction nitrogen) in natural wetlands, constructed wetlands, fishponds, paddy fields, and soybean fields. The results indicated that the content of DOC increased 17% in constructed wetland and decreased 39% in fishponds, and the content of HFOC in constructed wetland and fishponds increased 50% and 8%, respectively, compared with that in natural wetlands at 0–20 cm. After the conversion of a wetland, the content of HFOC increased 72% in the paddy fields and decreased 62% in the dry land, while the content of DOC and LFOC decreased in both types. In the paddy fields, LFOC and HFOC content in the topmost 0.2 m of the soil layer was significantly higher compared to the layer below (from 0.2 to 0.6 m), and there were no significant differences observed in the dry land. The findings suggest that the paddy fields can sequester organic carbon through the accumulation of HFOC. However, the HFOC content decreased 22% after 10 years of cultivation with the decrease of clay content, indicating that paddy fields need to favor clay accumulation for the purpose of enhancing carbon sequestration in the paddy fields.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm with better seedling emergence under direct sowing in flooded paddy field

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Kashiwagi ◽  
Koji Hamada ◽  
Yutaka Jitsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultivation Practice ◽  
Direct Sowing

AbstractDirect sowing of rice in a flooded paddy field is a beneficial cultivation practice for water use and labour efficiency, compared to the transplanted cultivation. However, a drastic reduction in seedling emergence under flooded paddy fields is a serious constraint especially when the seeds fell at deeper soil layers. Suitable rice germplasm for the direct sowing in flooded paddy fields could ensure the success of this cultivation practice. Instead of laborious field-based screening systems, a pot-based screening method was adopted for simplicity and efficient evaluation of seedling emergence of a subset of world rice germplasm (n = 75) at different sowing depths. As a result, two rice genotypes, ‘Vary Futsi’ (landrace from Madagascar, non-glutinous, subspecies Indica) and ‘Dahonggu’ (landrace from China, non-glutinous, subspecies Indica), with consistently better seedling emergence were identified from a wide range of rice germplasm. These genotypes could serve as excellent parents for the breeding program in developing new rice cultivars with the improved seedling emergence in flooded paddy fields. There were no significant differences in the seedling emergence rate in flooded paddy conditions among the groups from various agro-geographical regions.

scholarly journals Degradation Level and Wetland Rice Rehabilitation Effort in Medan Krio Village Sunggal District Deli Serdang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Mhd Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The purposes of this research are to know the level of paddy field degradation, mapping level of paddy field degradation and analyze effort of paddy field rehabilitation in Beringin Subdistrict of Deli Serdang Regency of North Sumatera Indonesia to increase rice productivity. This research was conducted in Medan Krio Village, District Sunggal Regency Deli Serdang of North Sumatera. The study was conducted in March to July 2017. This research used nonfactorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 levels organic dosage treatment of Compost Waste City, i.e: B0: Control, B1: Dose 1.5% (36,00 ton/ha), B2: Dose 3% (72,00 ton/ha), B3: Dose 4.5% (108,00 ton/ha), B4: Dose 6% (144,0 ton/ha). The parameters that will be analyzed are the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in paddy fields. The result showed, treatment with Dose 6% (B4) can (1) improve physical properties of soil Bulk Density, Porosity and the effective depth of soil; (2) increase the C-organic content, N-Total levels of P-Available, CEC soil, and low C/N Ratio; (3) increase Soil organic matter and total Microbes. So, Treatment Dose 6% (B4) of compost waste city gives the best effect to the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in paddy fields

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