Performance of an ultra-compact biofilm reactor treating domestic and synthetic wastewaters

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-489
Author(s):  
Lee Chew Koh ◽  
Haiyang Zhang ◽  
Thi Thai Ha Nguyen ◽  
Say Leong Ong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Local Water

The performance of an ultra-compact biofilm reactor (UCBR) treating domestic wastewater (DWW) collected from a local water reclamation plant; and gradually shifting to a mono-type carbon source synthetic wastewater (SWW) combined with DDW (CWW) and finally SWW; was investigated in this study. The total COD concentrations of influent DWW and CWW/SWW were 413.6 ± 80.8 mg/L and 454.9 ± 51.3 mg/L, respectively. The UCBR was able to achieve average total COD removal efficiencies of 70 ± 10% and 80 ± 4% for DWW and SWW respectively. The total COD concentrations of the effluent of DWW and CWW/SWW were 122.5 ± 44.4 mg/L and 89.7 ± 10.3 mg/L, respectively. These observations suggested that heterotrophs in the UCBR system were able to better assimilate and remove carbon of mono-type SWW compared to diverse carbon sources such as DWW; although the influent soluble COD concentrations of the SWW were higher than those of the DWW. However, the effluent NH4+-N concentrations for both types of wastewater were rather similar, <3.0 mg/L; although the influent NH4+-N concentrations of the DWW were 1.5 times those of the SWW.

Development of a two-stage flexible fibre biofilm reactor for treatment of food processing wastewater

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.J. Yu ◽  
H. Xu ◽  
D. Yao ◽  
P. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Food Processing Wastewater

Biofilm (or attached growth) reactors can be effectively used to treat organic wastewater from various industries such as food processing industry. They have a number of advantages including high organic loading rates (OLRs) and improved operational stability. A flexible fibre biofim reactor (FFBR) has been developed for efficient and cost effective treatment of food processing wastewater. In the process, simple flexible fibre packing with a very high specific surface area is used as support for microorganisms. The COD removal efficiencies for a range of OLRs have been studied. The FFBR can support an increasingly high OLR, but with a corresponding decrease in the COD removal efficiency. Therefore, a two-stage FFBR was developed to increase the treatment efficiency for systems with high OLRs. Experimental results indicated that a high overall COD removal efficiency could be achieved. At an influent COD of about 2700 mg/L and an OLR of 7.7 kgCOD/m3d, COD removal efficiencies of 76% and 82% were achieved in the first and the second stage of the reactor, respectively. The overall COD removal efficiency was 96%. Therefore, even for wastewater samples with high organic strength, high quality treated effluents could be readily achieved by the use of multiple stage FFBRs.

A Study of Anaerobic Treatment for Highly Concentrated SO42− + Ca2+-Rich Organic Wastewater and Purified Water Reclamation

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Zhou ◽  
Yanmin Chen ◽  
Xianlin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Fermentation Temperature

This paper reports the effects of anaerobic treatment for synthetic wastewater and SO2−+Ca2+- rich single-cell protein (SCP) wastewater in a factory. The results show that with the increase of SO2−4+Ca2+concentration, methane productivity will decrease, and that Ca2+ affects the COD removal in wastewater greatly. However, if certain compounds are added in, and acclimated, these disadvantages will be overcome satisfactorily. For SCP wastewater, the COD removal efficiency can reach 75% and methane productivity 260-320 1 CH4/kg COD under the conditions of fermentation temperature of 36±l°C and COD volume loading of 2.3-2.8 kg/m3d. Besides, the purified wastewater can basically be reclaimed.

scholarly journals Biological Treatment Of Simulated Humic Acid Wasre Water In A Laboratory Scale Aerobic Reactor

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Yunardi Yunardi
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration

A laboratory study was  conducted to determine the feasibility of activated sludge reactor for treating humic acid waste waterand examine the effect of the presence of glucose as the second carbon source on treatment performance. Activated sludge obtained from a waste water treatment plant treating domestic wastewater was used as a seed for reactors. Synthetic wastewater containing humid acid as the sole carbon source and glucose as the second carbon source were used as feeds for the reactors operated in a fill-and-draw mode. The result showed  tht the presence of glucose in the wastewater enhanced the production of higher MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids) than that without of glucose. The TOC (Total Organic Carbon) concentration in both reactors fluctuated greatly until the end of the experiment due to inability of keeping the input TOC at desired level. However the decrease in TOC suggested that there are some microorganisms capable of degrading the humic acid. Addition of glucose to the simulated humic acid wastewater improved the capability of microbes in degrading the acids. Most ammonium nitrogen in the wastewater was converted to nitrate nitrogen. Although the performance was lower compared to that of conventional system, activated sludge process was capable of degrading wastewater containing humic acids.Keywords : activated sludge, ammonium nitrogen, fill and draw, glucose, humic acid, wastewater

scholarly journals Effect of recirculation ratio on the performance of modified septic tank in treating office building wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Vandith Va ◽  
Ahmad Soleh Setiyawan ◽  
Prayatni Soewondo ◽  
Dyah Wulandari Putri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
The Stability

Higher concentration of nutrients has been characterized from office buildings compared to domestic wastewater. A Modified Septic Tank (MST), which consists of anoxic conditions followed by a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) is proposed to treat office wastewater. This research investigated the effect of Recirculation Ratio (RR) on organic and nutrient removal in MST. The synthetic wastewater with COD: TN: TP (252:85:3), which is similar to actual office wastewater was used. The experimental data were obtained from three RR values (2, 3 and 4). The results showed COD, TN, NH4, and TP removal ranged from 88% to 90%, 64% to 78%, 68% to 86%, and 56% to 64%, respectively. The effluent concentrations of COD and NH4 ranged from 21 to 30 and 9 to 23 mg/L after applying RR and from 19 to 24 and 27 to 29 mg/L without RR, respectively. RR had the significant effect on organic and nutritional removal (p <0.05). It suggested increasing RR could improve nutrient removal in MST and the stability of NH4 in the effluent needs to be considered.

Effect of organic loading rate on a wastewater treatment process combining moving bed biofilm and membrane reactors

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Melin ◽  
T. Leiknes ◽  
H. Helness ◽  
V. Rasmussen ◽  
H. Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The effect of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) loading rate on membrane fouling rate was studied in two parallel units combining MBBR and membrane reactor. Hollow fiber membranes with molecular weight cut-off of 30 kD were used. The HRTs of the MBBRs varied from 45 min to 4 h and the COD loading rates ranged from 4.1 to 26.6 g COD m−2 d−1. The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) was very sensitive to fluxes for the used membranes and the experiments were carried out at relatively low fluxes (3.3–5.6 l m−2 h−1). Beside the test with the highest flux, there were no consistent differences in fouling rate between the low- and high-rate reactors. Also, the removal efficiencies were quite similar in both systems. The average COD removal efficiencies in the total process were 87% at 3–4 h HRT and 83% at 0.75–1 h HRT. At high loading rates, there was a shift in particle size distribution towards smaller particles in the MBBR effluents. However, 79–81% of the COD was in particles that were separated by membranes, explaining the relatively small differences in the removal efficiencies at different loading rates. The COD fractionation also indicated that the choice of membrane pore size within the range of 30 kD to 0.1 μm has very small effect on the COD removal in the MBBR/membrane process, especially with low-rate MBBRs.

Comparative Analysis of Nitrate Removal in Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands by Different External Carbon Sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Patience Awhavbera ◽  
Lian Fang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
External Carbon Source ◽  
N Removal

External carbon sources provide additional nutrients that improve the efficiency of nitrate removal in constructed wetlands. Typha angustifolia L. were planted in four vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. Different external carbon sources were fed into the columns, to investigate and compare their treatment of nitrate in synthetic wastewater, with initial influent C/N ratio of 1:1. Wetland A (WA) with 50g wheat straw as external carbon source, wetland B (WB) with 50g woodchips, wetland C (WC) with additional 10mg/L glucose and wetland D (WD) without external carbon source to serve as the control, were used in the lab-scale experimental study. WA, WB, WC and WD within a period of 24 days, cumulatively removed 109.38mg/L, 93.75mg/L, 85.14mg/L, and 64.01mg/L nitrate, respectively, from the influent. The nitrate-nitrogen (NO3–N) removal efficiency as aided by the external carbon sources was in the order: wheat straw > woodchips > glucose > control. Wheat straw treated 93% NO3–N, woodchips 78%, glucose 72% and the control 53%. The results indicate that WA, WB and WC outperformed the control system, due to the additional carbon sources. In general, the wheat straw had a better performance than wood chips and glucose. Thus, wheat straw as low cost biological waste product is recommended for the treatment of nitrate in wetlands.

Improving Wastewater Nitrogen Removal and Reducing Effluent NOx - -N by an Oxygen-Limited Process Consisting of a Sequencing Batch Reactor and a Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Hajsardar ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Borghei ◽  
Amir Hessam Hassani ◽  
Afshin Takdastan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Do Concentration

Abstract A series of reactors including a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) were used for nitrogen removal. The aim of this study was simultaneous removal of NH4+-N and NOx–-N from synthetic wastewater. In the novel proposed method, the effluent from SBR was sequentially introduced into SBBR, which contained 0.030 m3 biofilm carriers, so the system operated under a paired sequence of aerobic-anoxic conditions. The effects of different carbon sources and aeration conditions were investigated. A low dissolved oxygen (DO) level in the biofilm depth of the fixed-bed process (SBBR) simulated the anoxic phase conditions. Accordingly, a portion of NH4+-N that was not converted to NO3–-N by the SBR process was converted to NO3–-N in the outer layer of the biofilm in the SBBR process. Further, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was achieved in the SBBR where NO2–-N was converted to N2 directly, before NO3–-N conversion (partial nitrification). The level of mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) was 2740 mg/l at the start of the experiments. The required carbon source (C: N ratio of 4) was provided by adding an internal carbon source (through step feeding) or ethanol. Firstly, as part of the system (SBR and SBBR), SBR operated at a DO level of 1 mg/l while SBBR operated at a DO concentration of 0.3 mg/l during Run-1. During Run-2, the system operated at the low DO concentration of 0.3 mg/l. When the source of carbon was ethanol, the nitrogen removal rate (RN) was higher than the operation with an internal carbon source. When the reactors were operated at the same DO concentration of 0.3 mg/l, 99.1 % of the ammonium was removed. The NO3–-N produced during the aerobic SBR operation of the novel method was removed in SBBR reactor by 8.3 %. The concentrations of NO3--N and NO2–-N in the SBBR effluent were reduced to 2.5 and 5.5 mg/l, respectively. Also, the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 97.5 % by adding ethanol at the DO level of 0.3 mg/l. When C:N adjustment was carried out SND efficiency at C:N ratio of 6.5 reached to 99 %. The increasing nitrogen loading rate (NLR) to 0.554 kg N/m3 d decreased SND efficiency to 80.7 %.

scholarly journals Effects of carbon sources, COD/NO2−-N ratios and temperature on the nitrogen removal performance of the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) biofilm

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1712-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoming Zheng ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yanzhuo Zhang ◽  
Wei Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Partial Nitrification ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Coupling Process ◽  
Anammox Activity

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of carbon sources and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/NO2−-N ratios on the anammox–denitrification coupling process of the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) biofilm. Also, the anammox activities of the SNAD biofilm were investigated under different temperature. Kaldnes rings taken from the SNAD biofilm reactor were operated in batch tests to determine the nitrogen removal rates. As a result, with the carbon source of sodium acetate, the appropriate COD/NO2−-N ratios for the anammox–denitrification coupling process were 1 and 2. With the COD/NO2−-N ratios of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the corresponding NO2−-N consumption via anammox was 87.1%, 52.2%, 29.3%, 23.7% and 16.3%, respectively. However, with the carbon source of sodium propionate and glucose, the anammox bacteria was found to perform higher nitrite competitive ability than denitrifiers at the COD/NO2−-N ratio of 5. Also, the SNAD biofilm could perform anammox activity at 15 °C with the nitrogen removal rate of 0.071 kg total inorganic nitrogen per kg volatile suspended solids per day. These results indicated that the SNAD biofilm process might be feasible for the treatment of municipal wastewater at normal temperature.

scholarly journals REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTERS FROM PIGGERY WASTEWATER IN ANAEROBIC MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (MBBR)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3A) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Quan Truong Nguyen ◽  
Quan Truong Nguyen ◽  
Ha Thi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of Anaerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) on the removal of organic matters (using COD and TSS values) in piggery wastewater using two kinds of carrier: Polyurethane (PU) and Polyethylene (PE) - Different organic loading rates (OLRs) varying from 4 to 10 gCOD/l/day with controlled temperature 37±2oC, pH 7.0-7.5 were investigated. The seeded sludge was collected at the anaerobic tank of the wastewater treatment plant of the Sabeco Beer Manufacturing Plant (Nam Tu Liem district, Hanoi) and grown in the MBBR for 15 days. For porous PU material, the COD and TSS removal efficiencies achieved 69.7 and 67.3% and 54.9 and 65.5% at OLR 4 and 6 gCOD/l/day, respectively.  Whereas for wheel shape PE material, it was found that the COD removal efficiencies were slightly higher with OLR of 6  gCOD/l/day (71%%), even with higher OLR at 10 gCOD/l.day, the COD removal efficiency didn‘t seem to significantly increase (73.3 %). For TSS removal, in comparison between PU and PE, the later found slightly better with the same OLRs of 4 and 6 gCOD/l/day, reaching 63.2 and 67 %, respectively. However, TSS removal efficiencies were found to be higher with PE carrier at higher OLR, reaching 72% at 10 gCOD/l/day.

Degradation of organic matter from domestic wastewater with loofah sponge biofilm reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Zhang ◽  
Ken Sun ◽  
Na Hu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Present System ◽  
Support Material ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Loofah Sponge ◽  
Natural Support ◽  
Influence Parameter ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

A laboratory-scale oxic biofilm reactor using loofah sponge as support material was carried out to study its start-up characteristics and the optimum operation parameters in removing organic matter and nitrogen from domestic wastewater. It took no more than 10 days to complete microbiological cultivation and acclimation, indicating that the natural loofah sponge was a superior support material compared with some conventional ones. The influence parameter experiments showed that the hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a significant influence on the COD and NH3-N removal efficiencies, the average COD and NH3-N removal efficiencies were 83.7 and 96.9% respectively when the temperature was 25 ± 2 °C, the influent flow rate was 0.21 L/h and the HRT was 7.5 h. The loofah sponge biofilm system had a strong tolerance to organic shock loading in the present experiment. Additionally, it was found that domestic wastewater could be preferably treated with 88.9% of COD and 98.7% of NH3-N removal efficiencies with the corresponding influent concentrations of 260.0 and 26.8 mg/L, respectively. The observations obtained in the present study indicated that the loofah sponge was an excellent natural support material, potentially feasible for the present system for the treatment of the decentralized domestic wastewater.

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