Isolation, development and identification of salt-tolerant bacterial consortium from crude-oil-contaminated soil for degradation of di-azo dye Reactive Blue 220

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipul R. Patel ◽  
Nikhil Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Analysis ◽  
Cod Reduction ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

The objective of this study was development and characterization of a halophilic bacterial consortium for rapid decolorization and degradation of a wide range of dyes and their mixtures. The 16S rRNA gene analysis of developed halophilic consortium VN.1 showed that the bacterial consortium contained six bacterial strains, which were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens HM480360, Enterobacter aerogenes HM480361, Shewanella sp. HM589853, Arthrobacter nicotianae HM480363, Bacillus beijingensis HM480362 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa JQ659549. Halophilic consortium VN.1 was able to decolorize up to 2,500 mg/L RB220 with >85% chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction under static condition at 30 °C and pH 8.0 in the presence of 7% NaCl. VN.1 also exhibited more than 85% COD reduction with >25 mg/(L h) rate of decolorization in the case of different reactive dye mixtures. We propose the symmetric cleavage of RB220 using Fourier transform infrared, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and confirmed the formation of sodium-4-aminobenzenesulfonate, sodium-6-aminonepthalenesulfonate, and sodiumbenzene/nepthalenesulfonate. Toxicity studies confirm that the biodegraded products of RB220 effluent stimulate the growth of plants as well as the bacterial community responsible for soil fertility.

scholarly journals Diversity of 4-Chloro-2-nitrophenol-Degrading Bacteria in a Waste Water Sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Arora ◽  
Alok Srivastava ◽  
Vijay Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Waste Water Sample ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Eighteen bacterial strains, isolated from a waste water sample collected from a chemically contaminated site, Patancheru (17°32′N 78°16′E/17.53°N 78.27°E), India, were able to decolorize 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4C2NP) in the presence of an additional carbon source. These eighteen 4C2NP-decolorizing strains have been identified as members of four different genera, includingBacillus,Paenibacillus,Pseudomonas, andLeuconostocbased on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Most of the bacteria (10) belonged to the genusBacillusand contributed 56% of the total 4C2NP-degrading bacteria, whereas the members of generaPaenibacillusandPseudomonasrepresented 22% and 17%, respectively, of total 4C2NP-degrading isolates. There was only one species ofLeuconostoccapable of degrading 4C2NP. This is the first report of the diversity of 4C2NP-decolorizing bacteria in a waste water sample. Furthermore, one bacterium,Bacillus aryabhattaistrain PC-7, was able to decolorize 4C2NP up to a concentration of 2.0 mM. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 5-chloro-2-methylbenzoxazole as the final product of 4C2NP decolorization in strain PC-7.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Biodegradation of n-Hexadecane by a Nitrate-Reducing Consortium

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1339-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy V. Callaghan ◽  
Meghan Tierney ◽  
Craig D. Phelps ◽  
L. Y. Young
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pentadecanoic Acid ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Tridecanoic Acid ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

ABSTRACT Nitrate-reducing enrichments, amended with n-hexadecane, were established with petroleum-contaminated sediment from Onondaga Lake. Cultures were serially diluted to yield a sediment-free consortium. Clone libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA gene community PCR products indicated the presence of uncultured alpha- and betaproteobacteria similar to those detected in contaminated, denitrifying environments. Cultures were incubated with H34-hexadecane, fully deuterated hexadecane (d 34-hexadecane), or H34-hexadecane and NaH13CO3. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of silylated metabolites resulted in the identification of [H29]pentadecanoic acid, [H25]tridecanoic acid, [1-13C]pentadecanoic acid, [3-13C]heptadecanoic acid, [3-13C]10-methylheptadecanoic acid, and d 27-pentadecanoic, d 25-, and d 2 4-tridecanoic acids. The identification of these metabolites suggests a carbon addition at the C-3 position of hexadecane, with subsequent β-oxidation and transformation reactions (chain elongation and C-10 methylation) that predominantly produce fatty acids with odd numbers of carbons. Mineralization of [1-14C]hexadecane was demonstrated based on the recovery of 14CO2 in active cultures.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Petroleum Polluted Soils using Consortium Bacteria

2020 ◽  
pp. 961-969
Author(s):  
Dina Hasan Nafal ◽  
Hind Suhail Abdulhay
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Kocuria Rosea ◽  
Physical And Chemical

      This study was carried out to isolate opportunistic hydrocarbons oil-degrading bacteria and develop a consortium or a mixture of bacteria with high biodegradation capabilities which can be used in biological treatment units of the contaminated water before release. The biological processes in general are environmentally friendly and cost effective, as they are easy to design and apply; as such they are more appropriate to the public.     The location of the study was in Al-Dora refinery sludge holes area. The samples were collected for three seasons (winter, spring and summer) each consisted of three months.  The sludge samples were analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters. Temperature values of the sludge were at maximum in summer season, reaching 32˚C, whereas they were at minimum in winter (24 ˚C). The values of sludge pH were at maximum in summer (9.70) and minimum in winter (9.20). Turbidity levels were 382 NTU in spring and 353 NUT in winter. Biological oxygen demand (BOD5) was at maximum in summer (760) and (690 mg/l) in winter. The maximum dissolved oxygen (DO) value of 5.20 mg/l was recorded in winter, while the minimum was 3.80 mg/l recorded in summer. The maximum electrical conductivity (EC) was 17130 μs/cm recorded in summer, while the minimum was 16150 μs/cm recorded in winter. The maximum total dissolved solids (TDS) values were 10335 mg/l recorded in summer, while the minimum (10015 mg/l) was recorded in winter. The maximum total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) value (431 mg/l) was recorded in summer, while the minimum (367 mg/l) was recorded in spring. Finally, the maximum salinity value (9.90%) was recorded in spring, while the minimum (9.30%) was recorded in winter. Also, hydrocarbon compounds in sludge samples were measured using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and the result showed that they were composed of 31 hydrocarbon compounds.In the present work, nineteen sludge degrading bacterial strains were isolated from the soil near Al-Dora refinery hole by primary and secondary screenings using a modified mineral salt medium supplemented with 1% (v/v) sludge as a carbon source. The most efficient two sludge degraded isolates identified by VITIK 2 compact were Kocuria rosea and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The tow isolates and there mixture showed best growth at 30°C for 12 days, as shown by the measurement of the optical density of the liquid culture and the final oil concentration by spectrophotometer.      The bacterial isolates in liquid media with 2% (v/v) sludge showed best growth and the maximum biodegradation percentage after 12-day incubation period, as determined by gas chromatographic (GC). The degradation values were 68.9, 93.8 and 95.5% for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Kocuria rosea and the mixture of the tow isolates, respectively. In optimum conditions of pH 7, 40°C, 12 days incubation, the mixed bacterial consortium showed maximum sludge degradation.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Compounds with Antimicrobial Activity from Origanum vulgare L.: Determination of Optimal Extraction Parameters

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SANTOYO ◽  
S. CAVERO ◽  
L. JAIME ◽  
E. IBAÑEZ ◽  
F. J. SEÑORÁNS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

Oregano leaves were extracted using a pilot-scale supercritical fluid extraction plant under a wide range of extraction conditions, with the goal of determining the extraction and fractionation conditions to obtain extracts with optimal antimicrobial activity. In this investigation, the essential oil–rich fractions were selectively precipitated in the second separator, and their chemical composition and antimicrobial activity were investigated. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the various fractions resulted in the identification of 27 compounds of the essential oil. The main components of these fractions were carvacrol, trans-sabinene hydrate, cis-piperitol, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, and linalool. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by the disk diffusion and broth dilution methods against six different microbial species, including two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), a yeast (Candida albicans), and a fungus (Aspergillus niger). All of the supercritical fluid extraction fractions obtained showed antimicrobial activity against all of the microorganisms tested, although the most active fraction was the one obtained in experiment 5 (fraction was obtained with 7% ethanol at 150 bar and 40°C). C. albicans was the most sensitive microorganism to the oregano extracts, whereas the least susceptible was A. niger. Carvacrol, sabinene hydrate, borneol, and linalool standards also showed antimicrobial activity against all of the microorganisms tested, with carvacrol being the most effective. Consequently, it was confirmed that essential oil from experiment 5, with the best antimicrobial activity, also presented the highest quantity of carvacrol.

scholarly journals New Non-Invasive Method for the Authentication of Apple Cultivars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Elettra Barberis ◽  
Elia Amede ◽  
Francesco Dondero ◽  
Emilio Marengo ◽  
Marcello Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Authentication ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Food authentication is very important to protect consumers, sellers, and producers from fraud. Although several methods have been developed using a wide range of analytical techniques, most of them require sample destruction and do not allow in situ sampling or analysis, nor reliable quantification of hundreds of molecules at the same time. To overcome these limitations, we have developed and validated a new noninvasive analytical workflow for food authentication. The method uses a functionalized strip to adsorb small molecules from the surface of the food product, followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the desorbed analytes. We validated the method and applied it to the classification of five different apple varieties. Molecular concentrations obtained from the analysis of 44 apples were used to identify markers for apple cultivars or, in combination with machine learning techniques, to perform cultivar classification. The overall reproducibility of the method was very good, showing a good coefficient of variation for both targeted and untargeted analysis. The approach was able to correctly classify all samples. In addition, the method was also used to detect pesticides and the following molecules were found in almost all samples: chlorpyrifos-methyl, deltamethrin, and malathion. The proposed approach not only showed very good analytical performance, but also proved to be suitable for noninvasive food authentication and pesticide residue analysis.

scholarly journals Use of a Novel Fluorinated Organosulfur Compound To Isolate Bacteria Capable of Carbon-Sulfur Bond Cleavage

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Van Hamme ◽  
Phillip M. Fedorak ◽  
Julia M. Foght ◽  
Murray R. Gray ◽  
Heather D. Dettman
Keyword(s):  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Organosulfur Compound ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

ABSTRACT The vacuum residue fraction of heavy crudes contributes to the viscosity of these oils. Specific microbial cleavage of C—S bonds in alkylsulfide bridges that form linkages in this fraction may result in dramatic viscosity reduction. To date, no bacterial strains have been shown conclusively to cleave C—S bonds within alkyl chains. Screening for microbes that can perform this activity was greatly facilitated by the use of a newly synthesized compound, bis-(3-pentafluorophenylpropyl)-sulfide (PFPS), as a novel sulfur source. The terminal pentafluorinated aromatic rings of PFPS preclude growth of aromatic ring-degrading bacteria but allow for selective enrichment of strains capable of cleaving C—S bonds. A unique bacterial strain, Rhodococcus sp. strain JVH1, that used PFPS as a sole sulfur source was isolated from an oil-contaminated environment. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that JVH1 oxidized PFPS to a sulfoxide and then a sulfone prior to cleaving the C—S bond to form an alcohol and, presumably, a sulfinate from which sulfur could be extracted for growth. Four known dibenzothiophene-desulfurizing strains, including Rhodococcus sp. strain IGTS8, were all unable to cleave the C—S bond in PFPS but could oxidize PFPS to the sulfone via the sulfoxide. Conversely, JVH1 was unable to oxidize dibenzothiophene but was able to use a variety of alkyl sulfides, in addition to PFPS, as sole sulfur sources. Overall, PFPS is an excellent tool for isolating bacteria capable of cleaving subterminal C—S bonds within alkyl chains. The type of desulfurization displayed by JVH1 differs significantly from previously described reaction results.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Efficiency of Finnish Spice Essential Oils against Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARI NEVAS ◽  
ANNA-RIITTA KORHONEN ◽  
MIIA LINDSTRÖM ◽  
PEKKA TURKKI ◽  
HANNU KORKEALA
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

The antibacterial properties of 13 essential oils, derived from spices grown in Finland, were examined with an agar diffusion method against 12 bacterial strains. The organisms tested included both spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. The gram-positive bacteria appeared to be more sensitive than the gram-negative organisms, Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens being the most sensitive. Oregano, savory, and thyme showed the broadest antibacterial activity by distinctly inhibiting the growth of all the organisms tested. By gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, differences were noted in the composition of oregano and thyme oils in comparison to previous reports.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites of Flustra foliacea and Their Influence on Bacteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 3469-3475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Peters ◽  
Gabriele M. K�nig ◽  
Anthony D. Wright ◽  
R�diger Pukall ◽  
Erko Stackebrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Flustra Foliacea

ABSTRACT The North Sea bryozoan Flustra foliacea was investigated to determine its secondary metabolite content. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of a dichloromethane extract of the bryozoan enabled 11 compounds to be identified. Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography of the extract resulted in the isolation of 10 brominated alkaloids (compounds 1 to 10) and one diterpene (compound 11). All of these compounds were tested to determine their activities in agar diffusion assays against bacteria derived from marine and terrestrial environments. Compounds 1, 3 to 7, 10, and 11 exhibited significant activities against one or more marine bacterial strains originally isolated from F. foliacea but only weak activities against all of the terrestrial bacteria. By using the biosensors Pseudomonas putida(pKR-C12), P. putida(pAS-C8), and Escherichia coli(pSB403) the antagonistic effect on N-acyl-homoserine lactone-dependent quorum-sensing systems was investigated. Compounds 8 and 10 caused reductions in the signal intensities in these bioassays ranging from 50 to 20% at a concentration of 20 μg/ml.

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