Bioremediation of Petroleum Polluted Soils using Consortium Bacteria

This study was carried out to isolate opportunistic hydrocarbons oil-degrading bacteria and develop a consortium or a mixture of bacteria with high biodegradation capabilities which can be used in biological treatment units of the contaminated water before release. The biological processes in general are environmentally friendly and cost effective, as they are easy to design and apply; as such they are more appropriate to the public. The location of the study was in Al-Dora refinery sludge holes area. The samples were collected for three seasons (winter, spring and summer) each consisted of three months. The sludge samples were analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters. Temperature values of the sludge were at maximum in summer season, reaching 32˚C, whereas they were at minimum in winter (24 ˚C). The values of sludge pH were at maximum in summer (9.70) and minimum in winter (9.20). Turbidity levels were 382 NTU in spring and 353 NUT in winter. Biological oxygen demand (BOD5) was at maximum in summer (760) and (690 mg/l) in winter. The maximum dissolved oxygen (DO) value of 5.20 mg/l was recorded in winter, while the minimum was 3.80 mg/l recorded in summer. The maximum electrical conductivity (EC) was 17130 μs/cm recorded in summer, while the minimum was 16150 μs/cm recorded in winter. The maximum total dissolved solids (TDS) values were 10335 mg/l recorded in summer, while the minimum (10015 mg/l) was recorded in winter. The maximum total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) value (431 mg/l) was recorded in summer, while the minimum (367 mg/l) was recorded in spring. Finally, the maximum salinity value (9.90%) was recorded in spring, while the minimum (9.30%) was recorded in winter. Also, hydrocarbon compounds in sludge samples were measured using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and the result showed that they were composed of 31 hydrocarbon compounds.In the present work, nineteen sludge degrading bacterial strains were isolated from the soil near Al-Dora refinery hole by primary and secondary screenings using a modified mineral salt medium supplemented with 1% (v/v) sludge as a carbon source. The most efficient two sludge degraded isolates identified by VITIK 2 compact were Kocuria rosea and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The tow isolates and there mixture showed best growth at 30°C for 12 days, as shown by the measurement of the optical density of the liquid culture and the final oil concentration by spectrophotometer. The bacterial isolates in liquid media with 2% (v/v) sludge showed best growth and the maximum biodegradation percentage after 12-day incubation period, as determined by gas chromatographic (GC). The degradation values were 68.9, 93.8 and 95.5% for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Kocuria rosea and the mixture of the tow isolates, respectively. In optimum conditions of pH 7, 40°C, 12 days incubation, the mixed bacterial consortium showed maximum sludge degradation.

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Isolation, development and identification of salt-tolerant bacterial consortium from crude-oil-contaminated soil for degradation of di-azo dye Reactive Blue 220

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.208 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 311-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vipul R. Patel ◽

Nikhil Bhatt

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Demand ◽

Bacterial Consortium ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

16S Rrna Gene Analysis ◽

Cod Reduction ◽

Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Wide Range

The objective of this study was development and characterization of a halophilic bacterial consortium for rapid decolorization and degradation of a wide range of dyes and their mixtures. The 16S rRNA gene analysis of developed halophilic consortium VN.1 showed that the bacterial consortium contained six bacterial strains, which were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens HM480360, Enterobacter aerogenes HM480361, Shewanella sp. HM589853, Arthrobacter nicotianae HM480363, Bacillus beijingensis HM480362 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa JQ659549. Halophilic consortium VN.1 was able to decolorize up to 2,500 mg/L RB220 with >85% chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction under static condition at 30 °C and pH 8.0 in the presence of 7% NaCl. VN.1 also exhibited more than 85% COD reduction with >25 mg/(L h) rate of decolorization in the case of different reactive dye mixtures. We propose the symmetric cleavage of RB220 using Fourier transform infrared, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and confirmed the formation of sodium-4-aminobenzenesulfonate, sodium-6-aminonepthalenesulfonate, and sodiumbenzene/nepthalenesulfonate. Toxicity studies confirm that the biodegraded products of RB220 effluent stimulate the growth of plants as well as the bacterial community responsible for soil fertility.

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Assessment of Crude Oil Degradation by Mixed Culture of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Different Concentrations

International Journal of Environment ◽

10.3126/ije.v9i2.32511 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 33-50

Author(s):

A.A. Faggo ◽

A.H. Kawo ◽

B.H. Gulumbe ◽

U.J.J. Ijah

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Mixed Culture ◽

Control Sample ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Degradation ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Crude Oil Degradation ◽

Light Oil ◽

Oil Concentration

Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHCs) contamination of soil, freshwater and air is of global concern. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of crude oil degradation by mixed bacterial culture of different crude oil concentrations using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seven oil samples were collected from petroleum-contaminated fields in Kano state, Nigeria, and screened for crude oil utilizing bacteria. A control sample of soil from an ecological garden (control soil) was also analyzed. Crude oil-degrading bacteria were isolated, enumerated and identified using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics, and screened for their ability to utilize Bonny Light Oil as a source of carbon and energy. Bacteria with the highest potential to utilize crude oil were selected and subjected to bioremediation studies at three different pollution levels (5%, 10% and 15%) for 56 days. The residual crude oil was assessed using GC-MS. The results revealed that the mixed culture completely degraded eighteen components ranging from C10 to C25 at 5% crude oil concentration while only C8 to C11 and C8 to C9 were degraded at 10 and 15% respectively. The results of this study indicated the potential of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa in bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil.

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Diversity of 4-Chloro-2-nitrophenol-Degrading Bacteria in a Waste Water Sample

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2016/7589068 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pankaj Kumar Arora ◽

Alok Srivastava ◽

Vijay Pal Singh

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Water Sample ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Contaminated Site ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Waste Water Sample ◽

Degrading Bacteria

Eighteen bacterial strains, isolated from a waste water sample collected from a chemically contaminated site, Patancheru (17°32′N 78°16′E/17.53°N 78.27°E), India, were able to decolorize 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4C2NP) in the presence of an additional carbon source. These eighteen 4C2NP-decolorizing strains have been identified as members of four different genera, includingBacillus,Paenibacillus,Pseudomonas, andLeuconostocbased on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Most of the bacteria (10) belonged to the genusBacillusand contributed 56% of the total 4C2NP-degrading bacteria, whereas the members of generaPaenibacillusandPseudomonasrepresented 22% and 17%, respectively, of total 4C2NP-degrading isolates. There was only one species ofLeuconostoccapable of degrading 4C2NP. This is the first report of the diversity of 4C2NP-decolorizing bacteria in a waste water sample. Furthermore, one bacterium,Bacillus aryabhattaistrain PC-7, was able to decolorize 4C2NP up to a concentration of 2.0 mM. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 5-chloro-2-methylbenzoxazole as the final product of 4C2NP decolorization in strain PC-7.

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Biological decolourization of textile industry wastewater by a developed bacterial consortium

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (10) ◽

pp. 1910-1918

Author(s):

Hewayalage Gimhani Madhushika ◽

Thilini U. Ariyadasa ◽

Sanja H. P. Gunawardena

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Bacterial Consortium ◽

Chemical Processes ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Morganella Morganii ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Industry Effluent

Abstract Most currently employed textile effluent decolourization methods use physical and chemical processes where dyes do not get degraded instead concentrated or transferred into a solid phase. Therefore, further treatment processes are required to destroy dyes from the environment. In contrast, biological decolourization may result in degradation of the dye structure due to microbial activities and hence biological processes can be considered environmentally friendly. In the present study, bacterial strains with dye decolourization potential were isolated from the natural environment and their ability to decolourize four different reactive textile dyes was studied individually and in a bacterial consortium. The developed bacterial consortium composed with Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii and Enterobacter cloacae indicated more than 90% color removals for all four dyes and optimum decolourization of the dye mixture was observed at 40 °C and pH 7. The developed bacterial consortium decolourized 60% of dyes in textile industry effluent at 35 °C and pH 7 showing their ability to endure in highly complex and toxic environments and application in textile industry wastewaters.

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Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Seawater: Prospects of Using Lyophilized Native Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9112285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2285

Author(s):

Rafaela Perdigão ◽

C. Marisa R. Almeida ◽

Catarina Magalhães ◽

Sandra Ramos ◽

Ana L. Carolas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽

Water Layer ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Bacterial Consortium ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Natural Seawater ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Degrading Bacteria

This work aimed to develop a bioremediation product of lyophilized native bacteria to respond to marine oil spills. Three oil-degrading bacterial strains (two strains of Rhodococcus erythropolis and one Pseudomonas sp.), isolated from the NW Portuguese coast, were selected for lyophilization after biomass growth optimization (tested with alternative carbon sources). Results indicated that the bacterial strains remained viable after the lyophilization process, without losing their biodegradation potential. The biomass/petroleum ratio was optimized, and the bioremediation efficiency of the lyophilized bacterial consortium was tested in microcosms with natural seawater and petroleum. An acceleration of the natural oil degradation process was observed, with an increased abundance of oil-degraders after 24 h, an emulsion of the oil/water layer after 7 days, and an increased removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (47%) after 15 days. This study provides an insight into the formulation and optimization of lyophilized bacterial agents for application in autochthonous oil bioremediation.

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Screening and optimization of arsenic degrading bacteria and their potential role in heavy metal bioremediation

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v35n4a2019-42407 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mehwish Iqtedar ◽

Farah Aftab ◽

Rabab Asim ◽

Roheena Abdullah ◽

Afshan Kaleem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Arsenic Concentration ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

High Concentration ◽

Arsenic Tolerance ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Soil And Water

Industrialization has added extremely toxic metalloid arsenic into the environment which at high concentration severely threatens the biota. Naturally, some microbes possess the ability to bio-accumulate metals and also to transform arsenite (As III) a toxic form to a non-toxic arsenate As V. The present study aimed to isolate arsenic resistant bacterias from the arsenic contaminated soil and water. Among eleven bacterial isolates, three FAs 1, 4 and 9 exhibited tolerance against sodium arsenite at 100mM concentration by achieving growth of 7.48×109,1.57×109 and 2.23×109 C.F.U./ml, respectively. Optimization at different conditions such as temperature, pH and arsenic concentration revealed high arsenic tolerance from isolate FAs 4 (5.33×108) at 37°C and FAs 1 (4.43×108 C.F.U./ml) at pH 7. Arsenic resistance at optimum conditions for the bacterial strains FAs 1, FAs 4 and FAs 9 showed maximum growth at 80mM concentration of arsenite. These bacterial isolates did not show redox ability to oxidize arsenite As III to arsenate As V. However bacterial isolates FAs 1, FAs 4 and FAs 9 were able to accumulate arsenic 39.16, 148 and 125 µg/L on the 4th, 3rd and 5th day of incubation, respectively. The isolates FAs 1, FAs 4 and FAs 9 were identified as Gram negative non endospore forming rods. In future, these novel isolates possess a great potential in biotechnology field, as bioremediation of arsenic contaminated soil and water can be done by employing arsenic accumulating bacteria which is an eco-friendly and cost effective method.

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Cyperus laevigatus L. Enhances Diesel Oil Remediation in Synergism with Bacterial Inoculation in Floating Treatment Wetlands

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12062353 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 2353 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Fahid ◽

Shafaqat Ali ◽

Ghulam Shabir ◽

Sajid Rashid Ahmad ◽

Tahira Yasmeen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Consortium ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Treatment Wetlands ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Joint Application ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Acinetobacter Sp ◽

Floating Treatment Wetlands

Diesel oil is considered a very hazardous fuel due to its adverse effect on the aquatic ecosystem, so its remediation has become the focus of much attention. Taking this into consideration, the current study was conducted to explore the synergistic applications of both plant and bacteria for cleaning up of diesel oil contaminated water. We examined that the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) is an economical and superlative choice for the treatment of diesel oil contaminated water. In this study, a pilot scale floating treatment wetlands system having diesel oil contaminated water (1% w/v), was adopted using Cyperus laevigatus L and a mixture of hydrocarbons degrading bacterial strains; viz., Acinetobacter sp.61KJ620863, Bacillus megaterium 65 KF478214, and Acinetobacter sp.82 KF478231. It was observed that consortium of hydrocarbons degrading bacteria improved the remediation of diesel oil in combination with Cyperus laevigatus L. Moreover, the performance of the FTWs was enhanced by colonization of bacterial strains in the root and shoot of Cyperus laevigatus L. Independently, the bacterial consortium and Cyperus laevigatus L exhibited 37.46% and 56.57% reduction in diesel oil, respectively, while 73.48% reduction in hydrocarbons was exhibited by the joint application of both plant and bacteria in FTWs. Furthermore, microbial inoculation improved the fresh biomass (11.62%), dry biomass (33.33%), and height (18.05%) of plants. Fish toxicity assay evaluated the effectiveness of FTWs by showing the extent of improvement in the water quality to a level that became safe for living organisms. The study therefore concluded that Cyperus laevigatus L augmented with hydrocarbons degrading bacterial consortium exhibited a remarkable ability to decontaminate the diesel oil from water and could enhance the FTWs performance.

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Isolation and Characterization of Novel Bacteria Capable of Degrading 1,4-Dioxane in the Presence of Diverse Co-Occurring Compounds

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9050887 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 887

Author(s):

Tanmoy Roy Tusher ◽

Takuya Shimizu ◽

Chihiro Inoue ◽

Mei-Fang Chien

Keyword(s):

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Organic Load ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Initial Oxidation ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Single Carbon Source ◽

Group 5

Biodegradation is found to be a promising, cost-effective and eco-friendly option for the treatment of industrial wastewater contaminated by 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D), a highly stable synthetic chemical and probable human carcinogen. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize metabolic 1,4-D-degrading bacteria from a stable 1,4-D-degrading microbial consortium. Three bacterial strains (designated as strains TS28, TS32, and TS43) capable of degrading 1,4-D as a sole carbon and energy source were isolated and identified as Gram-positive Pseudonocardia sp. (TS28) and Gram-negative Dokdonella sp. (TS32) and Afipia sp. (TS43). This study, for the first time, confirmed that the genus Dokdonella is involved in the biodegradation of 1,4-D. The results reveal that all of the isolated strains possess inducible 1,4-D-degrading enzymes and also confirm the presence of a gene encoding tetrahydrofuran/dioxane monooxygenase (thmA/dxmA) belonging to group 5 soluble di-iron monooxygenases (SDIMOs) in both genomic and plasmid DNA of each of the strains, which is possibly responsible for the initial oxidation of 1,4-D. Moreover, the isolated strains showed a broad substrate range and are capable of degrading 1,4-D in the presence of additional substrates, including easy-to-degrade compounds, 1,4-D biodegradation intermediates, structural analogs, and co-contaminants of 1,4-D. This indicates the potential of the isolated strains, especially strain TS32, in removing 1,4-D from contaminated industrial wastewater containing additional organic load. Additionally, the results will help to improve our understanding of how multiple 1,4-D-degraders stably co-exist and interact in the consortium, relying on a single carbon source (1,4-D) in order to develop an efficient biological 1,4-D treatment system.

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Use of a Novel Fluorinated Organosulfur Compound To Isolate Bacteria Capable of Carbon-Sulfur Bond Cleavage

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.70.3.1487-1493.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 1487-1493 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Jonathan D. Van Hamme ◽

Phillip M. Fedorak ◽

Julia M. Foght ◽

Murray R. Gray ◽

Heather D. Dettman

Keyword(s):

Bond Cleavage ◽

Organosulfur Compound ◽

Viscosity Reduction ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Sulfur Source ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Alkyl Chains ◽

Degrading Bacteria

ABSTRACT The vacuum residue fraction of heavy crudes contributes to the viscosity of these oils. Specific microbial cleavage of C—S bonds in alkylsulfide bridges that form linkages in this fraction may result in dramatic viscosity reduction. To date, no bacterial strains have been shown conclusively to cleave C—S bonds within alkyl chains. Screening for microbes that can perform this activity was greatly facilitated by the use of a newly synthesized compound, bis-(3-pentafluorophenylpropyl)-sulfide (PFPS), as a novel sulfur source. The terminal pentafluorinated aromatic rings of PFPS preclude growth of aromatic ring-degrading bacteria but allow for selective enrichment of strains capable of cleaving C—S bonds. A unique bacterial strain, Rhodococcus sp. strain JVH1, that used PFPS as a sole sulfur source was isolated from an oil-contaminated environment. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that JVH1 oxidized PFPS to a sulfoxide and then a sulfone prior to cleaving the C—S bond to form an alcohol and, presumably, a sulfinate from which sulfur could be extracted for growth. Four known dibenzothiophene-desulfurizing strains, including Rhodococcus sp. strain IGTS8, were all unable to cleave the C—S bond in PFPS but could oxidize PFPS to the sulfone via the sulfoxide. Conversely, JVH1 was unable to oxidize dibenzothiophene but was able to use a variety of alkyl sulfides, in addition to PFPS, as sole sulfur sources. Overall, PFPS is an excellent tool for isolating bacteria capable of cleaving subterminal C—S bonds within alkyl chains. The type of desulfurization displayed by JVH1 differs significantly from previously described reaction results.

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Molecular Identification of Cellulolytic Bacteria From Mangrove Sediment at Tin Minning Region In West Bangka

International Journal of Applied Biology ◽

10.20956/ijab.v3i1.5848 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Ardiansyah Kurniawan ◽

Suci Puspita Sari ◽

Euis Asriani ◽

Andi Kurniawan ◽

Abu Bakar Sambah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽

Mangrove Sediment ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Parahaemolyticus Strain ◽

Mangrove Sediments ◽

16S Rrna Analysis ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Degrading Bacteria

Cellulose as an abundant source of glucose in Indonesia requires acceleration of decomposition utilizing cellulolytic bacteria. Cellulolytic bacteria can be obtained from the isolation of mangrove organic matter, such as sediments. Muntok Sub-district is one of the regions with the most tin mining in West Bangka Regency also has mangroves in the coastal area. Exploration of cellulolytic bacteria in mangroves with different environmental characteristics encourages researchers to find new bacterial strains that produce cellulase enzymes with new properties. Thirteen isolates were successfully isolated from three locations. Tembelok mangrove sediments produced Seven bacterial isolates, Peltim Mangrove samples produced three isolates and from Sukal Mangrove three isolates were obtained. Seven isolates showed clear zones in the Lugol test and three isolates including were gram-positive bacteria. Molecular test with 16S rRNA analysis showed TBL1 isolate has 85% similar identity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain HY3 and TBL2 isolate has 98% similar identity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain HS8. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens potential to further study as cellulose degrading bacteria for feed ingredients.

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