scholarly journals A method of identifying the durability indicator of microcircuitry

Dependability ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Dolgopolov ◽  
Yu. G. Zayko ◽  
V. A. Mikhaylov
Keyword(s):  
Lower Estimate ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Durability Testing ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Warm Standby ◽  
Main Module

The Aim of this paper is to ensure the compliance of the requirements for the durability of long-life space technology with the fact that regulatory documents for microcircuitry do not contain durability indicators. Thus, in accordance with OST V 11 0998-99, the dependability requirements only contain indicators of reliability and storability. On the other hand, along with the requirements for reliability and storability, the dependability specifications for space technology feature requirements for durability in operation that are usually equal to the gamma-percentile life Тl.г = 100 000 h and more if г = 99.9%. Therefore, for such long-life systems one must define durability indicators that are now absent in the technical conditions or other delivery documents. The definition of such indicators by means of durability testing is costly and time-consuming. Thus, an analytical method was proposed, according to which the lower estimate boundary for the gamma-percentile life Тl.г of microcircuitry can be obtained by equalizing the probability of no-failure of the microcircuit over time Тl.г to the probability of non-occurrence of life failures that put the microcircuit into the limit state, upon which its operation shall be terminated. In this case, in order to obtain Тl.г = 99.9% = 100 000 h, a nonredundant microcircuit or another product must have the failure rate of 10-8 1/h. In the case of more complex microcircuits, it does not appear to be possible to obtain the required value of Тl.г=99.9% = 100 000 h. The paper suggests extending the use of the proposed method of durability indicator identification taking into consideration the fact that in the systems under consideration the failure of any one product is not allowed and, in this view, various ways of ensuring equipment redundancy are used. Hot standby is understood as a redundancy with one or several backup modules that operate similarly to the main module. Warm standby is understood as a redundancy with one or several modules that operate at a lower rate that the main module until they start functioning as the main module. The paper considers a number of redundancy architectures of a complex microcircuit that enable the specified high durability indicators. The formula was obtained for calculation of the durability indicator for more general cases, when the microcircuit is part of a module backed-up by another identical module. In this case, if the second module is in warm standby, a high durability indicator can be ensured for the microcircuit. If the second module is in hot standby, the specified durability indicator of the microcircuit is not ensured. The considered method of durability indicator identification can be used for other redundancy architectures of modules in a system.

An innovative methodology to determine the partial load factor for prestressing in cable supported bridges

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carlucci ◽  
Mariona Pahisa ◽  
Kelvin Moneypenny
Keyword(s):  
Limit State ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Force Response ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
State Factor ◽  
Ultimate Limit

<p>The design of cable supported bridges of short to medium spans requires the resolution of how to separate the load and effect of the major components of permanent loading: Gravity and Prestressing. <p>The Eurocode allows to use the same Ultimate Limit State factor for the Gravity “G” and the Prestressing “P” for flexible bridges and prescribes to use different factors for stiff bridges. <p>However, there is no clear definition in the Eurocode of when a bridge can be considered flexible. The paper introduces the concept of the Stay Force Response Index (SFRI) to define the degree of flexibility of the bridge and describes a method for the definition of the prestressing partial factor derived through a parametric analysis of concrete cable supported bridge. <p>This method, which is generally applicable beyond the Eurocode, would allow the designer to have the confidence in undertaking optimized hence, more economic and more sustainable designs.

Latino Post-Millennials Create America’s Future

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Hayes-Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Presidential Campaign ◽  
First Century ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes

The 2016 Republican presidential campaign has been based on an overtly anti–Mexican immigrant nativist message, another round in the universalistic versus nativist conflict over the definition of American. Nationally, Latinos exhibit the strong work ethic, avoidance of welfare, positive health outcomes, and long life expectancy of Latinos in California. In the post-millennial generation in the top eleven Latino market areas, Latino presence ranges from being a large majority to being the largest plurality. Latino post-millennials will be instrumental in creating the twenty-first-century definition of American.

scholarly journals Cooperation between Russia and China in the Creation of Network Universities and Joint Educational Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Guruleva ◽  
N. I. Bedareva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Foreign Universities

The article examines such forms of educational cooperation between Russia and China as participation in the activities of the SCO and BRICS Network Universities and the creation of joint educational institutions. The authors have carried out an analysis of educational models of the SCO University and determined the role of the basic Russian and Chinese universities in the implementation of the priority areas of training specialists for the SCO member countries. Educational models, priority training areas planned for implementation at the BRICS Network University, as well as the universities – members of the BRICS branch of the Russian and Chinese sides have been described. The paper dwells on the issue of joint educational institutions in China: the definition of joint institutions used in Chinese regulatory documents has been given, a statistical analysis has been carried out of China’s joint institutions created together with foreign universities. The educational models of four joint educational institutions of Russia and China operating on the territory of the People’s Republic of China are studied. The conclusion was made about the role of Russia and China in the development of the world educational space and the prospects for cooperation between the two countries in creating joint educational institutions.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PROJECT FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF A SOCIOPHYSICAL APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Natalia MAKSIMOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Investment Project ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
Economic Interpretation ◽  
Project Model ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The article describes an approach to assessing the effectiveness of a project implemented at an enterprise. The problem of assessing the effectiveness of a project is associated with the need to manage a project with a long life cycle. To solve the problem, it is proposed to use a sociophysical approach. The necessary elements of the mathematical model are presented. The analysis of the ratio of the potentials of the enterprise, its organizational elements and the project being implemented at the enterprise is given. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that knowledge of the potentials makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the project activities carried out. From a sociophysical point of view, a project model is a set of accumulated potentials of state variables. On the example of two indicators — the revenue and the balance of the enterprise, where the project is being implemented, the sociophysical formulation of the task of analyzing the effectiveness of the investment project is illustrated. Calculations are given of the accumulated potentials of organizational units involved in the implementation of the project are presented; the definition of the accumulated potential reduction factor is given; an economic interpretation of the results of evaluating the effectiveness of project activities.

The content of Research Activity of Foreign Undergraduates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Н. Рыблова ◽  
Ц. Кан
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Definition Of

в статье ставится и успешно решается проблема организации научно-исследовательской деятельности иностранных магистрантов в РФ и КНР. Авторы статьи анализирует проблемы, возникающие при реализации магистерских программ у обучающихся во время их обучения за рубежом, отмечает рост числа иностранных граждан, желающих освоить магистерские программы за рубежом, выделяют направление и профиль наиболее востребованных ими программ. На основе теоретического анализа нормативных документов, научных исследований российских и китайских ученых была определена сущность научно-исследовательской деятельности в магистратуре, а также ее цели, виды, синтезированы основные действия и операции, которые должны выполнять иностранные магистранты по направлению подготовки. the article raises and successfully solves the problem of organizing research activity of foreign undergraduates in Russia and China. The authors analyze the problems that arise when implementing masters’ programs for foreign students, point out the growth in the number of foreign undergraduates, highlights the most popular training directions in the masters’ programs. Based on the theoretical analysis of regulatory documents, and scientific researches by Russian and Chinese scientists, the definition of research activity in the masters’ programs, as well as its goals, types are defined, the main actions and operations that should be performed by foreign undergraduates are summarized.

Approbation of high-accuracy navigation technology for the benefit of Russia Ministry of Internal Affairs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
D.V. Diachenko ◽  
O.V. Abramov ◽  
A.V. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Differential Correction ◽  
Space Navigation ◽  
Global Space ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Commercial Organizations

With a view of implantation of space technology in activities of Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) and commercial organizations it is necessary to work through technology of robototechnical complex control in real application conditions. Aim. Investigation of reachable accuracy of coordinate definition of moving objects using global space navigation technology for the benefit of MIA. There are examined problems of coordinate definition accuracy increasing using global space navigation technology that were investigated in pilot project «MIA-Roscosmos». There are given results of onboard equipment tests that were worked in the regime of differential correction data using. There were used navigation apparatus of a geodesic class and the mobile measuring-diagnostic laboratory. There are defined possible field of application of navigation apparatus in an activities of MIA. There are formulated recommendations to using of global space navigation apparatus for the benefit of MIA.

LIMIT AND SHAKEDOWN ANALYSIS UNDER UNCERTAINTY

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 1343008 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANFRED STAAT
Keyword(s):  
Structural Reliability ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Element Model ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
State Function ◽  
Limit State Function ◽  
Shakedown Analysis ◽  
Definition Of

Structural reliability analysis is based on the concept of a limit state function separating failure from safe states of a structure. Upper and lower bound theorems of limit and shakedown analysis are used for a direct definition of the limit state function for failure by plastic collapse or by inadaptation. Shakedown describes an asymptotic and therefore time invariant structural behavior under time variant loading. The limit state function and its gradient are obtained from a mathematical optimization problem. The method is implemented into a general purpose finite element model (FEM) code. Combined with first-order methods/second-order methods (FORM/SORM) robust and precise analyses can be performed for structures with high reliability. This approach is particularly effective because the sensitivities which are needed by FORM/SORM are derived from the solution of the deterministic problem.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF BACKBONE PROJECTS IN THE INDUSTRY OF A REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 756-761
Author(s):  
R.F. Gataullin ◽  
E.R. Chuvashaeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of

Industry occupies a special place among the types of economic activity in any region. Projects for the development of backbone industrial enterprises in regions play a decisive role in the formation of their production specialization. Hence, the transition to project management in the development of regions most often means the implementation of appropriate measures in industry. The paper gives a definition of systemic projects, shows the conditions for their implementation, depending on the purpose of implementation and significance. The place of backbone projects in the development of industrial centers of the Republic of Bashkortostan is shown. Discrepancies are revealed in the list of projects included in the Strategy of Socio-Economic Development of the Republic of Bashkortostan, cities and municipal districts and in other regulatory documents aimed at accelerating territorial development. The solution of the following tasks is considered: determination of trends and patterns in the development of industry in the regions; identification of the main requirements for projects to develop industry in the regions of the country; survey of the existing package of projects for the development of this industry in Bashkiria; proposals for backbone projects in the industry of the republic. The implementation of projects takes place in different municipal regions and municipalities in different ways. In the Republic of Bashkortostan, more than 80 % of industrial production is concentrated in four cities - Ufa, Salavat, Sterlitamak and Neftekamsk. They also account for most of the investments. At the same time, investments in these cities enjoy all kinds of benefits. It was proposed to strengthen the benefits for projects located outside the zone of traditional industrial location and for new types of activities for the republic.

scholarly journals Modern state of technical means to remove uncontrolled vegetation

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
A.A. Platonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Linear Infrastructure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Number

The article analyzes, systematizes and evaluates the demand for machines, mechanisms and equipment used to remove uncontrolled tree and shrub vegetation from the territories of linear infrastructural objects. The existing technological processes that form exclusively mechanical methods of removing unwanted tree and shrub vegetation are analyzed. The technical means of mechanization of work on the elements of the technological process used on the territory of linear infrastructure facilities are systematized. The predominant use of a specific number of technical means by implementing organizations is shown, indicating their characteristics and the main defining criteria of demand. It has been established that there is almost complete absence of both small means of mechanization, allowing to reduce the share of manual labor when carrying out work to remove unwanted vegetation in hard-to-reach places of the cleaned areas, and specialized pick-up loaders of felling residues. The definition of a technical means of raking up unwanted vegetation is proposed and formulated as a «forest rake» It was revealed that in a number of regulatory documents there are incorrect names for motorized hand-type brush cutters, corresponding recommendations for production are given. The results of the work can be used by enterprises engaged in the maintenance and operation of linear infrastructure facilities.

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