scholarly journals WORLD TEA MARKET: TRENDS IN PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
M. N. Eliseev ◽  
O. M. Alekseeva ◽  
O. A. Kosareva
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Abc Analysis

The article analyzes the main trends and prospects for the development of the global and Russian tea market. It reviews and analyzes the main directions of development of the tea market in the world, provides an international classification of black tea, shows the main countries manufacturers, importers and exporters of this product. The dynamics of tea production, import and export in the Russian Federation over five years showed in this article by using analytical indicators. Also were identified the main reasons for the changes and analyzed the leading players-producers of the domestic tea market, as well as showed the main trends characteristic of the development of this market in immediate prospects. The article considers the general structure of the tea market in natural terms and provides the results of analysis of changes in consumer preferences. Within the framework of the study, the assortment of the Perekrestok retail network was studied as a tool for forming and maintenance commodity stocks of this economic entity. ABC-analysis was used to analyze the assortment of black tea. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed and proposed for further work with the assortment of this product group.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Features of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19). Communication 1: Modes of Implementation of Preventive and Anti-Epidemic Measures

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Kutyrev ◽  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
V. Yu. Smolensky ◽  
E. B. Ezhlova ◽  
Yu. V. Demina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Serial Interval ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation

The review analyses the information on the epidemiological situation on COVID-19 around the world. Presented is the assessment of the major epidemiological parameters (basic reproductive rate, lethality, incubation period, and serial interval). Demonstrated is the share of severe cases among different age groups and the general structure of incidence by the severity of clinical course. The paper provides the classification of response models internationally depending upon the complex of measures undertaken at different stages of epidemic process. Reviewed are the key response actions to control the COVID-19 transmission in different countries of the world and the Russian Federation and given is the assessment of their effectiveness.

PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF ORGANIZATIONS’ INFORMATION SECURITY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
O. K. Korobkova
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article reveals the problems associated with the information security of an economic entity. The classification of threats to organizations’ information security and measures to prevent them is compiled. A plan of measures to minimize threats to the information security of an economic entity is proposed. The results of the study can be applied by organizations in any field of activity

scholarly journals UPLC-MS based metabolomics analysis reveals metabolite compositional differences between Kenyan Commercial and NonCommercial black tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivars.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Nyarukowa
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Tea Production

Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (tea) is one of the most widely consumed beverages across the world, serving as an essential commodity crop for several developing countries. A bulk of tea’s health-promoting properties are attributed to the antioxidant properties of EGCg, its predominant polyphenol. As a result of these health benefits, tea production and consumption has expanded and promoted the development of tea industries globally. Tea cultivation is dependent on a good distribution of rainfall, and the current changes in climate pose a significant threat to its global supply chains. Through the efforts of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), predictions of future climate changes in the tea growing regions of Kenya between now and 2050 have been generated. A study was conducted to develop models to identify key tea growing regions that will remain ideal for tea farming and also investigate the metabolomic differences between 243 drought susceptible NonCommercial (NComm) and 60 Commercial (Comm) cultivars. Non-targeted, high-resolution UPLC-MS was used to attain a new profound understanding of the metabolomic multiplicity between the Comm and NComm groups and to elucidate their association with tea liquor quality and drought tolerance. Several metabolites, namely argininosuccinate, caffeic acid, caffeine, catechin, citric acid, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, gallic acid, gluconic acid, glucose, maltose, quercetin and theanine were found to clearly differentiate between the Comm and NComm cultivars. These detected metabolites were linked to improved tea quality and drought tolerance in the Comm cultivars.

scholarly journals Black Tea Source, Production, and Consumption: Assessment of Health Risks of Fluoride Intake in New Zealand

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Declan T. Waugh ◽  
Michael Godfrey ◽  
Hardy Limeback ◽  
William Potter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Fluoride Content ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fluoride Intake ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Tea Infusions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode

In countries with fluoridation of public water, it is imperative to determine other dietary sources of fluoride intake to reduce the public health risk of chronic exposure. New Zealand has one of the highest per capita consumption rates of black tea internationally and is one of the few countries to artificially fluoridate public water; yet no information is available to consumers on the fluoride levels in tea products. In this study, we determined the contribution of black tea as a source of dietary fluoride intake by measuring the fluoride content in 18 brands of commercially available products in New Zealand. Fluoride concentrations were measured by potentiometric method with a fluoride ion-selective electrode and the contribution of black tea to Adequate Intake (AI) and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) was calculated for a range of consumption scenarios. We examined factors that influence the fluoride content in manufactured tea and tea infusions, as well as temporal changes in fluoride exposure from black tea. We review the international evidence regarding chronic fluoride intake and its association with chronic pain, arthritic disease, and musculoskeletal disorders and provide insights into possible association between fluoride intake and the high prevalence of these disorders in New Zealand.

Analysis of the prospects for the introduction of a closed-loop economy in the Russian Federation using the example of the Kaluga region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Nikulina ◽  
E.A. Cherikanova ◽  
A.V. Chelenko ◽  
V.V. Grishakova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Russian Federation

In a number of industrialized regions of the Russian Federation, even when using efficient high technologies in the manufacturing industry under the current linear economic model, especially in the context of pandemic (COVID-19) fails to implement the sustainable development goals in all of its ecological and economic requirements. This paper analyzes models and approaches to the implementation of the concept of renewable production and consumption in conditions of maximum use of resources, including those obtained by processing various types of waste. According to the analyzed one of the models, namely the circulation economic model, resources after consumption in the form of manufactured products and the resulting waste, suitable for processing into production resources, in the form of secondary. Within the framework of rational interaction of the industrially developed regions (Moscow and Kaluga), an experimental confirmation of the efficiency of waste processing of various types is given, by building an Ecotechnopark, implemented within the framework of public-private partnership, and obtaining secondary products. In the proposed circular economic model, resources after consumption in the form of production products are returned to production after processing. In addition, a possible indicator was identified and implemented that allows integrating traditional economic indicators into the "Green" gross national product (GNP), which is the sum of the natural capital of the region and its nominal GNP and is linked to the state of the ecosystem. Recommendations and conclusions on the performed studies are made.

Objectives of the penal system and problems of differentiation of convicted persons to deprivation of liberty

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Сергей Михайлович Савушкин
Keyword(s):  
Program Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Target Program ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Development Concept

Важность определения конкретных, измеримых и объективно необходимых целей деятельности исправительных учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы объясняется проблемами, с которыми сталкиваются сотрудники при выполнении функций, отдельные из которых не способствуют достижению целей уголовно-исполнительного законодательства РФ. В статье рассматриваются и подвергаются конструктивной критике цели уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, задачи уголовно-исполнительной системы (которые в 2004 г. были исключены из закона), основные задачи ФСИН России, основные цели Концепции развития уголовно-исполнительной системы РФ до 2020 г., цель Концепции федеральной целевой программы «Развитие уголовно-исполнительной системы (2017-2025 годы)». Приводятся цели классификации осужденных, которые предусмотрены Правилами Нельсона Манделы, как положительный опыт закрепления целей отдельного правового института. Высказывается позиция относительно необходимости закрепления целей отдельных институтов, промежуточных целей и важности определения точных критериев оценки достижимости отмеченных целей. Данная работа проводится для выявления имеющихся проблем, связанных с отсутствием конкретных показателей деятельности исправительных учреждений, выполнение которых должно способствовать достижению целей уголовно-исполнительного законодательства РФ. The importance of determining the specific, measurable and objectively necessary goals of the activities of correctional institutions of the penal system is explained by the problems faced by employees in performing functions, some of which do not contribute to the achievement of the goals of the penal legislation of the Russian Federation. The article discusses and criticizes constructively the goals of the penal legislation, the tasks of the penal system (which were excluded from the Law in 2004), the main tasks of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the main goals of the Development Concept of the Russian penal system until 2020, the goal of the Federal Concept target program "Development of the penal system (2017-2025)". The goals of the classification of convicts, which are provided for by the rules of Nelson Mandela, as a positive experience in fixing goals, a separate legal institution. A position is expressed regarding the need to consolidate the goals of individual institutions, intermediate goals and the importance of determining, exact criteria, assessing the attainability of the stated goals. This work is carried out in order to establish the existing problems associated with the lack of specific indicators of the activity of correctional institutions, the implementation of which should help achieve the goals of the criminal-executive legislation of the Russian Federation.

RELATIONSHIP OF ACCOUNTING AND STATISTICAL ACCOUNTING OF LOGISTIC COSTS IN THE INTEGRATED BUSINESS STRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Olga Gizatullina
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Accounting Management ◽  
Supply Costs

For economic entities, business partnerships are not based on individual competition or improving individual business processes, but on improving supply chains. When making management decisions, the question arises about the performance indicators of business processes both at the level of an economic entity and at the macro level. When assessing the effectiveness of supply chains, it is necessary to assess the costs arising in the course of financial and economic activities. The logistics component has a large share in the supply costs. A full accounting of logistics costs allows you to obtain reliable information for the analysis and development of measures to reduce them, which increases the efficiency of the entire economic activity of an economic entity. The article proposes a classification of logistics costs according to the degree of added value creation and dependence on the volume of production, including the allocation of transaction costs, which make up a significant share in the overall structure of logistics costs. The classification of logistics costs should be transformed depending on the organizational and legal form of the organization and the field of activity. The system of accounting for the logistics costs of economic entities should highlight them when implementing all logistics functions; study information about the most significant logistics costs and the nature of their occurrence; study the interdependencies of logistics costs throughout the entire supply chain. The developed system allows keeping separate accounting of logistics costs on a separate account, which makes it possible to control them. In modern conditions, organizations are faced with the need to integrate various types of accounting, including accounting, management and statistical. The algorithm for the implementation of this task includes four stages: development of a methodology for the integration of accounting, management and statistical accounting; formation of management accounting policies; development of data transformation regulations; selection of software for the automation of statistical, accounting and management accounting

Legal and clinical aspects of emergency burns

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
V. A. Sokolov ◽  
I. F. Shpakov ◽  
Ya. L. Butrin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Emergency Rescue ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Questions

The key questions concerning particular sections of the topic Burns in Emergencies are presented. Particular attention is paid to the presentation of terminology. For this, the wording of the Federal Laws, Government Resolutions and Orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation were used. In accordance with the latter, the classification of emergency situations is given, as well as the criteria by which their damage is assessed. It has been established that the involvement of the forces and means of the Ministry of Defense in the elimination of the consequences of emergency situations is spelled out in the Federal Law. In addition, an argument is made on what basis the citizens of the Russian Federation are obliged to constantly improve their knowledge and practical skills in studying numerous issues of protecting the population, providing assistance to victims, in carrying out emergency rescue operations, etc. situations that led to massive burns. Key features of burns as injuries sustained in emergency situations are formulated. Also, aggravating circumstances are listed that negatively affect the general condition of the victims. The role and place of clinical guidelines as a fundamental development governing the sequence of the organization and content of medical care for those burned at the stages of medical evacuation are indicated. Attention is drawn to the legal significance of the problem.

DESIGNING ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES TO REDUCE FERRIC OXIDE AT A MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 094-098
Author(s):  
E. A. BORODKINA ◽  
◽  
E. E. KUXGAUZEN ◽  
S. V. BELKOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Bag Filter ◽  
Aggregate State ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Conservation Measure ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Environmental Measures

In this paper, we consider air pollution in the result of the activity of an economic entity. The classification of harmful emissions by aggregate state is given. The sources of negative impact on the atmospheric air, including the volume and mass of the resulting pollutants, are considered. It is proposed to develop a conservation measure by using a bag filter with pulse blowing.

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