scholarly journals Assessment of the level of living of the population in Tambov region

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Cheremisina ◽  
Elena V. Veiss
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose of the study.To assess the standard of living of the population of the Tambov region through statistical methods.Materials and methods.The study used the methods of analysis of the composition and structure, the calculation of absolute and relative indicators of dynamics, average values, comparative analysis, graphical method of analysis, as well as the general theoretical method of analysis of Russian and foreign literary sources. The main information sources for the study were the data from the official website of the Federal State Statistics Service, its territorial office in the Tambov region, as well as the data from the Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System. In addition, the works of such authors as R. Zhukov, M. Malkina, N. Zotkina, S. Ignatova, E. Sadovaya, V. Sautkina and others were analyzed.Results.The main results of the study include the following:– Over 6 years (from 2012 to 2017) in the Tambov region, the largest share of the population, namely 23.0% in 2012 and 27.1% in 2017, had an average per capita cash income of 15 to 25 thousand rubles; – In 2012, the average per capita income of a resident of the studied region was most often met for 16,381.5 rubles (fashion value), and in 2017 – 18,561.0 rubles;– In the Tambov region from 2012 to 2017, the average absolute deviation of the studied indicator from the average in Russia is 5434.1 rubles;– The purchasing power of money incomes of the population has decreased for almost all food and non-food products; – The main sources of monetary incomes of the population of the Tambov region in 2017 are the wages of employees and receipts from social benefits (their share in the income structure is more than 20%);– The structure of the budget expenditures of the population of the Tambov region in 2017 is as follows: the purchase of goods and payment for services amounted to 77.5; mandatory payments and fees - 7.7%; real estate purchase - 1.9%; growth of financial assets - 12.9%;– The size of the average per capita monetary income of the population is inversely related to the unemployment rate of the region.Conclusion.In general, summing up the study, we can draw the following conclusion. For a number of indicators characterizing the standard of living of the population of the Tambov region, there is a positive trend, for example, an increase in the average per capita cash income of the population. Another positive trend was found: an inverse relationship between the unemployment rate and average per capita income. However, despite this, in our region it is lower than the average in Russia. Half of the population has incomes less than 17,730 rubles, and the most common income is in the amount of 18,561 rubles, which is significantly lower than the average for the Tambov region.

State-level differences in public vocational rehabilitation closures among transition-aged youth with traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Charles Edmund Degeneffe ◽  
Mark Tucker ◽  
Zaccheus James Ahonle
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
State Level ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractThis study aimed to understand state-level variation in participation in the State/Federal Vocational Rehabilitation (State VR) System in the United States among transition-aged youth (persons under the age of 22 years at application for State VR services) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Federal Fiscal Year 2016. A weighted least squares regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship of state-level population size, unemployment rate, and per-capita income to the number of State VR closures in each state for transition-aged youth with TBI. Population size and per-capita income significantly predicted closures, while there was no relationship between closures and unemployment rate. Research is needed that further explores and explains state-level disparities in participation among transition-aged youth with TBI.

scholarly journals Economic Factors behind Social Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p115
Author(s):  
Farhana Yasmin ◽  
Farhana Ferdousi Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
The Self ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Per Capita

Bangladesh has pool of entrepreneurs whereas there are also new establishments; new employment opportunities and so are the income sources. For the better measurement of entrepreneurship characteristics, the growth and different indicators impact on entrepreneurship needs to be identified. Thus this paper tries to find out the key economic indicators of entrepreneurship in the context of Bangladesh. The research is based on secondary research; has used entrepreneurship as a dependent variable proxied by self-employment and seven independent variables—per capita income, unemployment rate, labor force, industrial structure change, capital, human capital and literacy rate. Two regression models have been used encompassing the stated variable data from year 2008 to 2018. In the first regression analysis it has been tried to identify whether the model can be constructed with the overall economic variables with the self employment. At second regression model it has been tried to find out whether there is the explain ability of the variables result in the regression analysis and what is the degree and pattern of the relationship. The research shows that literacy rate and human capital have aligned with the self employment. But all the other variables are not matched with the self employment and could not provide the support for self employment to thrive. And the linear regression analysis shows that per capita income, labor force and literacy rate play the most important role in case of nourishing self employment. Unemployment rate is found as contradictory with the findings in the context of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Var Modelling of Dynamics of Poverty, Unemployment, Literacy and Per Capita Income in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Adefemi Alamu Obalade ◽  
Ayooluwade Ebiwonjumi ◽  
Anthony Olugbenga Adaramola
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Var Model ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research background: Poverty, unemployment, literacy and per capita income are intertwined. However, there seems to be a disconnect between literacy and good living in Nigeria. Purpose: This study investigated the dynamic relationship between poverty, unemployment, literacy and per capita income in Nigeria by examining the impact, shocks and responses among these identified variables. Research methodology: The secondary data on poverty, unemployment and literacy rates were extracted from the National Bureau of Statistics and per capita income was extracted from the World Bank Annual Report. A vector autoregressive (VAR) model of lag order (4) was adopted for the study. Results: The results revealed that poverty rate is an increasing function of unemployment rate and literacy rate and a reducing function of per capita income. The results further showed that dynamics of poverty is affected by shocks in unemployment rate, literacy rate and per capita income. Novelty: Therefore, the study concluded that literacy rate fails as a vital tool for poverty reduction and that the high rate of unemployment results in chronic poverty. The application of VAR to untangle the interrelationship among the variables, without doubt, adds to the literature on the uses of the VAR model.

A 'melanoma mortality belt' of ten U.S. states with the highest melanoma mortality rates.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21039-e21039
Author(s):  
Alan Geller ◽  
Juliana Berk-Krauss ◽  
David Polsky ◽  
Jennifer Stein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Melanoma Mortality

e21039 Background: To our knowledge, no study has looked at U.S. melanoma mortality trends by state. We sought to determine the ten states with the highest melanoma mortality rates (per white population) and those with the lowest, as well as any state-wide demographics that could account for these trends. Methods: State melanoma mortality rates were collected from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and National Program for Cancer Registries. Data on state characteristics were collectied from the Area Health Resource File (AHRF) and the US Census Bureau. We used a regression model to determine associations between melanoma mortality and the state demographic context, such as median income, per capita income, unemployment rate, education level, and rural versus nonrural. We also examined the effect of access to health care resources by looking at density of dermatologists, density of primary care providers, and total number of hospitals. Results: We identified ten states concentrated across the central United States with the highest melanoma mortality rates. Per capita income was the only significant association for melanoma mortality rates (p = 0.0016, 95% CI 6.88 to 18.09). Median income, unemployment rate, education level, rural versus non-rural, health professional density, and unemployment rate were not associated with melanoma mortality rates by state. Conclusions: There exists a ‘melanoma mortality belt’ across the central United States made up of the ten states with the highest melanoma mortality rates. This trend could not be consistently accounted for by state demographics, even socioeconomic status traditionally thought to correlate with mortality. Only one significant association was seen between melanoma mortality rate and per capita income. Our preliminary findings highlight the multifactorial picture of geographic melanoma mortality inequalities in the U.S.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING PERSONAL BANKRUPTCY AMONG YOUTH IN MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Suzana Hassan ◽  
Muhamad Khodri Kholib Jati ◽  
Nurul Huda Md Yatim ◽  
Mohd Azlan Abd Majid
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Personal Bankruptcy ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Per Capita

The objective of this paper is to explore the factors influencing personal bankruptcy among youth in Malaysia. This paper intended in creating more awareness and give more information to Malaysian about the importance of personal insolvency is due to the increasing of personal insolvency cases from year to year especially in 2016, 2017, and 2018 which involves 290,001, 300,958, and 303,415 cases. Some Malaysian have issues in financial literacy and it will lead to growth in personal bankruptcy cases if there is less initiative to avoid it. Other than that, the objectives of this paper are to discover whether a Non-Performing Loan, unemployment rate, and per capita income affect the bankruptcy cases in Malaysia. This paper using secondary data analysis using time series data yearly starting from 1985 until 2017 and it is consisting of thirty-three observations. The result showed Non-Performing Loan and per capita income are positively significant with personal bankruptcy while positively insignificant with the unemployment rate.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic and biophysical contributions to increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate and airborne fraction

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2867-2896 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Raupach ◽  
J. G. Canadell ◽  
C. Le Quéré
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract. We quantify the relative roles of natural and anthropogenic influences on the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 and the CO2 airborne fraction, considering both interdecadal trends and interannual variability. A combined ENSO-Volcanic Index (EVI) relates most (~75%) of the interannual variability in CO2 growth rate to the El-Niño-Southern-Oscillation (ENSO) climate mode and volcanic activity. Analysis of several CO2 data sets with removal of the EVI-correlated component confirms a previous finding of a detectable increasing trend in CO2 airborne fraction (defined using total anthropogenic emissions including fossil fuels and land use change) over the period 1959–2006, at a proportional growth rate 0.24% y−1 with probability ~0.9 of a positive trend. This implies that the atmospheric CO2 growth rate increased slightly faster than total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. An extended form of the Kaya identity relates the increase in the CO2 growth rate (1.9% y−1 over 1959–2006) to the growth rates of four global driving factors: population (contributing +1.7% y−1); per capita income (+1.8% y−1); the total carbon intensity of the global economy (−1.7% y−1); and airborne fraction (averaging +0.2% y−1 with strong interannual variability). Together, the recent (post-2000) increase in growth of per capita income and decline in the negative growth (improvement) in the carbon intensity of the economy will drive a significant acceleration in the CO2 growth rate over coming decades, unless these recent trends reverse. To achieve an annual reduction rate in total emissions of −2% y−1 (which would halve emissions in 35 years) in the presence of a per-capita income growth rate of 2% y−1 and a population growth rate of 1% y−1, it is necessary to achieve a decline in total carbon intensity of the economy at a rate of around −5% y−1, three times the 1959–2006 average.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic and biophysical contributions to increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate and airborne fraction

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Raupach ◽  
J. G. Canadell ◽  
C. Le Quéré
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Anthropogenic Drivers

Abstract. We quantify the relative roles of natural and anthropogenic influences on the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 and the CO2 airborne fraction, considering both interdecadal trends and interannual variability. A combined ENSO-Volcanic Index (EVI) relates most (~75%) of the interannual variability in CO2 growth rate to the El-Niño-Southern-Oscillation (ENSO) climate mode and volcanic activity. Analysis of several CO2 data sets with removal of the EVI-correlated component confirms a previous finding of a detectable increasing trend in CO2 airborne fraction (defined using total anthropogenic emissions including fossil fuels and land use change) over the period 1959–2006, at a proportional growth rate 0.24% y−1 with probability ~0.9 of a positive trend. This implies that the atmospheric CO2 growth rate increased slightly faster than total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. To assess the combined roles of the biophysical and anthropogenic drivers of atmospheric CO2 growth, the increase in the CO2 growth rate (1.9% y−1 over 1959–2006) is expressed as the sum of the growth rates of four global driving factors: population (contributing +1.7% y−1); per capita income (+1.8% y−1); the total carbon intensity of the global economy (−1.7% y−1); and airborne fraction (averaging +0.2% y−1 with strong interannual variability). The first three of these factors, the anthropogenic drivers, have therefore dominated the last, biophysical driver as contributors to accelerating CO2 growth. Together, the recent (post-2000) increase in growth of per capita income and decline in the negative growth (improvement) in the carbon intensity of the economy will drive a significant further acceleration in the CO2 growth rate over coming decades, unless these recent trends reverse.

scholarly journals Differentiation of the standard of living and the structure of poverty in the depressed region

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raisa Belaya ◽  
Galina Kozyreva
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Living Wages ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the problems of assessing the poverty level of families in the Republic of Karelia, which currently has the highest share of the poor in the total income structure of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. This circumstance dictates to the regional authorities a new social agenda aimed at combating poverty, for the successful implementation of which actual methodological approaches to measuring its real level are required. Using the accepted methodology for calculating poverty in comparison with one subsistence minimum, the authors defined this calculation as an estimate of material poverty. And they introduced an additional characteristic of poverty in comparison with the size of per capita income from one to two living wages and defined it as social poverty. The authors suggested that currently the poverty estimate associated with one living wage does not reflect the degree of the difficult financial situation of families and needs additional clarification. Socially poor families do not have the opportunity to meet the urgent needs related to the social development of the family. In the article, the authors used the concept of “socially unprotected families”, meaning both financially poor and socially poor families, that is, all those families whose per capita income is less than two subsistence minimum. When analyzing the level of poverty, the authors used indicators: the level of consumption, expenditure on food and a subjective assessment of the standard of living of the family. The performed analysis allowed the authors to assess and reveal the characteristics of poverty in the Republic of Karelia. The authors revealed that 67.2 % of families are socially unprotected, with 17.1 % of families being financially poor, 50.1 % socially poor. The presence of a second and subsequent children is a strong factor contributing to families falling below the poverty line: among families with two children, 81.4 % are socially unprotected, 32.0 % are financially poor, 49.4 % are socially poor. Among families with one child, the level of material poverty is two times lower and amounts to 14.9 %. The authors revealed the differentiation of real incomes of families. There is only enough money to buy food from 20.9 % of families. Among families with one child, 16.7 % are in this situation, among families with two or more children – 29.3 %. The article focuses on the low standard of living of the population of the Republic of Karelia associated with family spending on food: half of families spend more than 60 % of their family budget on food. The authors analyzed the subjective assessment of the standard of living of families in three positions: the pauper, the poor and people of average income and compared the results with the social protection of families. Among the families identifying themselves as “pauper”, the dominant family is materially poor, whose share is 81.3 %. Among those positioning themselves as “poor,” socially poor families dominate, their share being 62.0 %. In the group of families who consider themselves to be “people of average income”, more than half (50.2 %) are families with a per capita income exceeding two subsistence minimum. The results of the study showed that such a phenomenon as poverty is typical not only for families with a per capita income below one living wage (materially poor families), but also for families whose per capita income does not exceed two living wages (socially poor families). The authors' hypothesis about the social insecurity of not only materially poor, but also socially poor families was confirmed. In this regard, the authors consider it true to talk about the existence of such a phenomenon as social poverty. Families with per capita incomes from one to two living wages are not included in the attention of the state, although social assistance is extremely important for them, especially for families with minor children.

scholarly journals The Nexus of Immigration and Economic Conditions In Australia

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-153
Author(s):  
Burcu Ozcan
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Level ◽  
Toda And Yamamoto

In this study, we aim to analyze the causal linkages between immigrationand economic conditions - unemployment and per capita income- in Australia overthe period of 1966-2013 by using causality tests developed by Toda and Yamamoto(1995) and Hacker-Hatemi-J (2006). The results support one-way causal relationshipsrunning from both unemployment and per capita income to immigration. However,immigrants do not have a significant impact on the economic conditions of Australia.On the contrary, the high level of income and the low unemployment rate are thepulling factors of immigrants into Australia. Based on these results, some crucialpolicy implications would be suggested.

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