scholarly journals The Nexus of Immigration and Economic Conditions In Australia

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-153
Author(s):  
Burcu Ozcan
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Level ◽  
Toda And Yamamoto

In this study, we aim to analyze the causal linkages between immigrationand economic conditions - unemployment and per capita income- in Australia overthe period of 1966-2013 by using causality tests developed by Toda and Yamamoto(1995) and Hacker-Hatemi-J (2006). The results support one-way causal relationshipsrunning from both unemployment and per capita income to immigration. However,immigrants do not have a significant impact on the economic conditions of Australia.On the contrary, the high level of income and the low unemployment rate are thepulling factors of immigrants into Australia. Based on these results, some crucialpolicy implications would be suggested.

State-level differences in public vocational rehabilitation closures among transition-aged youth with traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Charles Edmund Degeneffe ◽  
Mark Tucker ◽  
Zaccheus James Ahonle
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
State Level ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractThis study aimed to understand state-level variation in participation in the State/Federal Vocational Rehabilitation (State VR) System in the United States among transition-aged youth (persons under the age of 22 years at application for State VR services) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Federal Fiscal Year 2016. A weighted least squares regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship of state-level population size, unemployment rate, and per-capita income to the number of State VR closures in each state for transition-aged youth with TBI. Population size and per-capita income significantly predicted closures, while there was no relationship between closures and unemployment rate. Research is needed that further explores and explains state-level disparities in participation among transition-aged youth with TBI.

scholarly journals Economic Factors behind Social Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p115
Author(s):  
Farhana Yasmin ◽  
Farhana Ferdousi Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
The Self ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Per Capita

Bangladesh has pool of entrepreneurs whereas there are also new establishments; new employment opportunities and so are the income sources. For the better measurement of entrepreneurship characteristics, the growth and different indicators impact on entrepreneurship needs to be identified. Thus this paper tries to find out the key economic indicators of entrepreneurship in the context of Bangladesh. The research is based on secondary research; has used entrepreneurship as a dependent variable proxied by self-employment and seven independent variables—per capita income, unemployment rate, labor force, industrial structure change, capital, human capital and literacy rate. Two regression models have been used encompassing the stated variable data from year 2008 to 2018. In the first regression analysis it has been tried to identify whether the model can be constructed with the overall economic variables with the self employment. At second regression model it has been tried to find out whether there is the explain ability of the variables result in the regression analysis and what is the degree and pattern of the relationship. The research shows that literacy rate and human capital have aligned with the self employment. But all the other variables are not matched with the self employment and could not provide the support for self employment to thrive. And the linear regression analysis shows that per capita income, labor force and literacy rate play the most important role in case of nourishing self employment. Unemployment rate is found as contradictory with the findings in the context of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Var Modelling of Dynamics of Poverty, Unemployment, Literacy and Per Capita Income in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Adefemi Alamu Obalade ◽  
Ayooluwade Ebiwonjumi ◽  
Anthony Olugbenga Adaramola
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Var Model ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research background: Poverty, unemployment, literacy and per capita income are intertwined. However, there seems to be a disconnect between literacy and good living in Nigeria. Purpose: This study investigated the dynamic relationship between poverty, unemployment, literacy and per capita income in Nigeria by examining the impact, shocks and responses among these identified variables. Research methodology: The secondary data on poverty, unemployment and literacy rates were extracted from the National Bureau of Statistics and per capita income was extracted from the World Bank Annual Report. A vector autoregressive (VAR) model of lag order (4) was adopted for the study. Results: The results revealed that poverty rate is an increasing function of unemployment rate and literacy rate and a reducing function of per capita income. The results further showed that dynamics of poverty is affected by shocks in unemployment rate, literacy rate and per capita income. Novelty: Therefore, the study concluded that literacy rate fails as a vital tool for poverty reduction and that the high rate of unemployment results in chronic poverty. The application of VAR to untangle the interrelationship among the variables, without doubt, adds to the literature on the uses of the VAR model.

A 'melanoma mortality belt' of ten U.S. states with the highest melanoma mortality rates.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21039-e21039
Author(s):  
Alan Geller ◽  
Juliana Berk-Krauss ◽  
David Polsky ◽  
Jennifer Stein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Melanoma Mortality

e21039 Background: To our knowledge, no study has looked at U.S. melanoma mortality trends by state. We sought to determine the ten states with the highest melanoma mortality rates (per white population) and those with the lowest, as well as any state-wide demographics that could account for these trends. Methods: State melanoma mortality rates were collected from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and National Program for Cancer Registries. Data on state characteristics were collectied from the Area Health Resource File (AHRF) and the US Census Bureau. We used a regression model to determine associations between melanoma mortality and the state demographic context, such as median income, per capita income, unemployment rate, education level, and rural versus nonrural. We also examined the effect of access to health care resources by looking at density of dermatologists, density of primary care providers, and total number of hospitals. Results: We identified ten states concentrated across the central United States with the highest melanoma mortality rates. Per capita income was the only significant association for melanoma mortality rates (p = 0.0016, 95% CI 6.88 to 18.09). Median income, unemployment rate, education level, rural versus non-rural, health professional density, and unemployment rate were not associated with melanoma mortality rates by state. Conclusions: There exists a ‘melanoma mortality belt’ across the central United States made up of the ten states with the highest melanoma mortality rates. This trend could not be consistently accounted for by state demographics, even socioeconomic status traditionally thought to correlate with mortality. Only one significant association was seen between melanoma mortality rate and per capita income. Our preliminary findings highlight the multifactorial picture of geographic melanoma mortality inequalities in the U.S.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING PERSONAL BANKRUPTCY AMONG YOUTH IN MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Suzana Hassan ◽  
Muhamad Khodri Kholib Jati ◽  
Nurul Huda Md Yatim ◽  
Mohd Azlan Abd Majid
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Personal Bankruptcy ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Per Capita

The objective of this paper is to explore the factors influencing personal bankruptcy among youth in Malaysia. This paper intended in creating more awareness and give more information to Malaysian about the importance of personal insolvency is due to the increasing of personal insolvency cases from year to year especially in 2016, 2017, and 2018 which involves 290,001, 300,958, and 303,415 cases. Some Malaysian have issues in financial literacy and it will lead to growth in personal bankruptcy cases if there is less initiative to avoid it. Other than that, the objectives of this paper are to discover whether a Non-Performing Loan, unemployment rate, and per capita income affect the bankruptcy cases in Malaysia. This paper using secondary data analysis using time series data yearly starting from 1985 until 2017 and it is consisting of thirty-three observations. The result showed Non-Performing Loan and per capita income are positively significant with personal bankruptcy while positively insignificant with the unemployment rate.

scholarly journals Assessment of the level of living of the population in Tambov region

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Cheremisina ◽  
Elena V. Veiss
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose of the study.To assess the standard of living of the population of the Tambov region through statistical methods.Materials and methods.The study used the methods of analysis of the composition and structure, the calculation of absolute and relative indicators of dynamics, average values, comparative analysis, graphical method of analysis, as well as the general theoretical method of analysis of Russian and foreign literary sources. The main information sources for the study were the data from the official website of the Federal State Statistics Service, its territorial office in the Tambov region, as well as the data from the Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System. In addition, the works of such authors as R. Zhukov, M. Malkina, N. Zotkina, S. Ignatova, E. Sadovaya, V. Sautkina and others were analyzed.Results.The main results of the study include the following:– Over 6 years (from 2012 to 2017) in the Tambov region, the largest share of the population, namely 23.0% in 2012 and 27.1% in 2017, had an average per capita cash income of 15 to 25 thousand rubles; – In 2012, the average per capita income of a resident of the studied region was most often met for 16,381.5 rubles (fashion value), and in 2017 – 18,561.0 rubles;– In the Tambov region from 2012 to 2017, the average absolute deviation of the studied indicator from the average in Russia is 5434.1 rubles;– The purchasing power of money incomes of the population has decreased for almost all food and non-food products; – The main sources of monetary incomes of the population of the Tambov region in 2017 are the wages of employees and receipts from social benefits (their share in the income structure is more than 20%);– The structure of the budget expenditures of the population of the Tambov region in 2017 is as follows: the purchase of goods and payment for services amounted to 77.5; mandatory payments and fees - 7.7%; real estate purchase - 1.9%; growth of financial assets - 12.9%;– The size of the average per capita monetary income of the population is inversely related to the unemployment rate of the region.Conclusion.In general, summing up the study, we can draw the following conclusion. For a number of indicators characterizing the standard of living of the population of the Tambov region, there is a positive trend, for example, an increase in the average per capita cash income of the population. Another positive trend was found: an inverse relationship between the unemployment rate and average per capita income. However, despite this, in our region it is lower than the average in Russia. Half of the population has incomes less than 17,730 rubles, and the most common income is in the amount of 18,561 rubles, which is significantly lower than the average for the Tambov region.

scholarly journals STUDY OF POPULATION INCOMES IN THE MURMANSK REGION: TRENDS AND DETERMINANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3/2020) ◽  
pp. 157-174
Author(s):  
A. N. Chapargina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Level

Incomes are an indicator of the population living standard and a source for meeting various needs. The article is devoted to analysis of population incomes in one of the Arctic regions of Russia —the Murmansk region. For the region, the problem of increasing population incomes is especially acute due to harsh natural and climatic conditions and high living cost. The paper aims to analyze, systematize and evaluate the specifics of the formation, levels and dynamics, as well as differentiation of population incomes in the Murmanskregion in 2000–2019, to identify trends in incomes, as well as determinants influencing incomes formation in this Arctic region. The study was based on the methods of analysis and synthesis of statistical information, grouping, generalization and comparison. The analysis of relevant statistical data made it possible to reveal and compare trends in population incomes both in the Russian Federation and in the Murmansk region over the last two decades. For the country as a whole the main trends include slowing down growth rates of average per capita income, the persisting high level of income differentiation, decrease in share of income received from entrepreneurship and property. The main trends in changing population incomes in the Murmansk region are identified and compared with the Russian ones. It is found that main trends in this region in the studied period are a slowdown in the growth rate of per capita income of the population with lower rates of income growth compared to the national average, decreasein real incomes, a downward trend in the purchasing power of incomes, decrease in poverty and smoothing the degree of population stratification. Also the determinants influencing formation of population incomes in the Murmansk region as an Arctic region are identified. First of all these are the effect of regional coefficients and northern allowances and the specific structure of the population's needs. Measures aimed at increasing population incomes and directions for building up a state policy regulatingpopulation incomes in the Murmansk region as an Arctic region are formulated. The practical significance of the work is that the results of the study can be used by the regional authorities for developing and correcting the socio-economic policy.

Self-Esteem among College Students from Four Arab Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Adel Shokry Korayem ◽  
Mayssah A. El-Nayal
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Egyptian Women ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Controversial Result

This study had three objectives: (a) to compare undergraduates from four Arab countries on self-esteem, (b) to explore the sex-related differences in self-esteem in these four Arab countries, and (c) to examine the association of self-esteem with both per-capita income and unemployment rate. Four samples of 2,643 students were recruited from Egypt ( n = 576), Kuwait ( n = 674), Lebanon ( n = 826), and Oman ( n = 567). They responded to the Arabic version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Kuwaiti and Omani men had a significantly higher mean score on self-esteem than did Egyptian and Lebanese men. Egyptian women scored significantly lower than the Omani women, but the effect size was small. Regarding the sex-related differences in self-esteem, Kuwaiti men had a significantly higher mean score than did their female peers, but the effect size was small, whereas there were no significant sex differences in the other samples. The sex-related difference in self-esteem is a controversial result and it may not be replicable in different countries. It was suggested that self-esteem is associated with high per-capita income and low unemployment rate.

scholarly journals Drivers of Protein Consumption: A Cross-Country Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7399
Author(s):  
Vania Andreoli ◽  
Marco Bagliani ◽  
Alessandro Corsi ◽  
Vito Frontuto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Consumption and production of proteins derived from animals have more significant environmental and health impacts than proteins derived from plants. This raises concerns mainly in consideration of the predictable increased consumption of animal proteins at the expense of vegetal ones due to growing income, especially in developing countries. Animal protein consumption, and particularly meat consumption, seems to start to decrease at a high level of income, which may suggest that economic growth solves or attenuates the environmental and health problems of animal food consumption. To test this possibility, the relationship between per capita income and animal and vegetal protein consumption is explored. Using a cross-country regression for 142 countries in 2017, animal-based protein, meat protein, and vegetal-based protein consumption are specified as dependent variables. In addition to per capita income, other potential drivers of protein choices, including ecological, demographic and social factors are controlled for. Apart from income, which still seems to be the most important driver of any type of protein consumption, the results suggest that protein consumption from animal sources and meat sources have different determinants. Though there is actually some evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita income and animal protein consumption, the peak is at such high levels as to make economic growth irrelevant to curb animal protein consumption.

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