scholarly journals TOUCHINESS AND CRITICISM. ON THE ROLE OF PHILOSOPHICAL CRITICISM IN CULTURE AND EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (S1) ◽  
pp. 207-228
Author(s):  
Robert Piłat
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Philosophical Inquiry ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Philosophical Criticism

In this article, I am discussing the social phenomenon of touchiness (excessive sensitivity to differences of opinion and lifestyle) as a result of the polarization of discourse in contemporary Western culture. This polarization and the resulting touchiness are partly an effect of media, but the later also reflects structural problems of cultures and social practices. The problems arise from the dense network of potentially conflicting values. I am discussing some diagnoses of this phenomenon and some purported philosophical remedies including departure from the language of values and abandoning the idea of a strong subject of action and beliefs. I am criticizing these solutions and I am proposing the idea of radical criticism instead. I am presenting the idea about established theories of philosophical criticism, including those by Horkheimer, Spaemann, Habermas. I am also presenting a practical application of the idea of radical criticism in education: promoting philosophical inquiry in the classroom.

scholarly journals A Pattern-Oriented Approach to Fair Use

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Madison
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Fair Use ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Case Application ◽  
Use Factors ◽  
Oriented Approach

More than 150 years into development of the doctrine of "fair use" in American copyright law, there is no end to legislative, judicial, and academic efforts to rationalize the doctrine. Its codification in the 1976 Copyright Act appears to have contributed to its fragmentation, rather than to its coherence. This Article suggests that fair use is neither badly conceived nor badly applied, but that it is too often badly understood. As did much of copyright law, fair use originated as a judicially-unacknowledged effort via the law to validate certain favored social practices and patterns. In the main, it has continued to be applied as such, though too often courts mask their implicit validation of these patterns in the now-conventional "case-by-case" application of the statutory fair use "factors" to the defendant's use of the copyrighted work in question. A more explicit acknowledgement of the role of these patterns in fair use analysis is consistent with fair use and copyright policy and tradition. Importantly, it helps to bridge the often-difficult conceptual gap between fair use claims asserted by individual defendants and the social implications of accepting or rejecting those claims. Finally, a pattern-oriented approach is normatively appropriate, when viewed in light of recent research by cognitive psychologists and other social scientists on patterns and creativity. In immediate terms, the approach should lead to a more consistent and predictable fair use jurisprudence. In the longer term, it should enhance the ability of copyright law to promote creative expression.

The Role of Geo-Demographic Big Data for Assessing the Effectiveness of Crowd-Funded Software Projects

2015 ◽  
pp. 94-120
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Average Position

The current phenomenon of Big Data – the use of datasets that are too big for traditional business analysis tools used in industry – is driving a shift in how social and economic problems are understood and analysed. This chapter explores the role Big Data can play in analysing the effectiveness of crowd-funding projects, using the data from such a project, which aimed to fund the development of a software plug-in called ‘QPress'. Data analysed included the website metrics of impressions, clicks and average position, which were found to be significantly connected with geographical factors using an ANOVA. These were combined with other country data to perform t-tests in order to form a geo-demographic understanding of those who are displayed advertisements inviting participation in crowd-funding. The chapter concludes that there are a number of interacting variables and that for Big Data studies to be effective, their amalgamation with other data sources, including linked data, is essential to providing an overall picture of the social phenomenon being studied.

Moral Neighborhoods

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-126
Author(s):  
Karen Stohr
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Moral Formation ◽  
Moral Improvement ◽  
The Social

This chapter presents an argument that moral identities are cultivated within shared normative spaces called moral neighborhoods. Moral neighborhoods are constructed through networks of social practices and conventions that are situated in specific physical and social environments. The chapter draws on Confucian ideas about the role of ritual in moral formation, as well Jane Austen’s novels, to argue that these networks of social practices are important for moral improvement. Good moral neighborhoods enable participants to work out and enact shared moral aspirations in the form of jointly constructed narratives. The social practices of good moral neighborhoods create normative spaces in which we enact fictive moral selves. Because moral neighborhoods are constructed in non-ideal conditions, they must be responsive to the underlying social and physical landscape if they are to reflect shared moral aspirations. Creating a good moral neighborhood is thus a practical exercise in non-ideal theory.

Psychoanalysis: neglected ally in an emerging “critical healthcare management studies” (CHMS)?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Nathan Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Organizational Dynamics ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Differences Of Opinion

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relevance of psychoanalysis to an emerging sub-field known as “critical healthcare management studies” (CHMS).Design/methodology/approachBuilding upon a wave of critical scholarship in the broader field of management, scholars and practitioners of healthcare management have begun to forge a critical scholarly movement of their own. CHMS, short for “critical healthcare management studies,” formally denotes a new subfield of inquiry dedicated to challenging entrenched assumptions, exposing power relations, and cultivating critical praxis, all the while serving as a vital counterpoint to mainstream scholarship. This paper seeks to augment the CHMS movement with psychoanalysis, and particularly the critical vein of organizational psychoanalysis already well-established in critical management studies.FindingsThe argument is made that a greater engagement with psychoanalysis offers novel avenues for critical theorizing and practice in healthcare management. Specifically three areas are considered: 1) the exploitative role of guilt in the caring professions, 2) the resurgence of authoritarianism and its implications for unconscious organizational dynamics, and 3) the potential for a psychoanalytically informed critical healthcare praxis.Originality/valueWhile there remain wide differences of opinion about the utility of psychoanalysis outside of the clinical arena, this paper reveals just how psychoanalysis can inform today's healthcare organizations, and more broadly the social and political organization of health in society.

scholarly journals TV- Show: From the Audience Habits To Principles of Dramaturgy

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Irina Nikolaevna Kemarskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Social Tv ◽  
The Social ◽  
Single Moment ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tv Watching ◽  
Tv Show

The article is devoted to the scriptwriting of TV shows and the role of the social practices of TV-viewing in the creation of script plot of periodical programs. Script construction of contemporary TV shows differs greatly from the classical film screenwriting due to its primarily focusing on predicted audience reactions in every single moment of broadcasting. The show creators are directed by the intention of giving the viewer the opportunities to feel the emotions he/she anticipates watching every new issue of the program. In order to attract the audience to the screen, hold it, to ensure its return to the favorite show the TV creators are obliged to imagine the established rituals and social practices of screen viewing. The paper covers the historical aspects of the social TV viewing practices, their formation and dynamics, from the Soviet "collective viewing" in a communal apartments with a sole TV-set up to a contemporary tendency of individual binge-watching of full ser seasons through internet services. The author specially emphasizes gender, generational, socio-demographic differences in TV watching and their influence on different creative techniques and discoveries. As to the gender habits of audiovisual information perception, the author pays attention to the so called "female" way of TV watching, characteristic of empathy, emotional involvement in the perception of the show, against the "male" choice of action, spectacle dynamics and often simultaneous viewing of different channels. Changes in common practices of TV watching cause the script decisions, adapted to the habitual behavior of different audience groups (shortening of audiovisual elements within programs, clip cutting, priority of emotion over logic-screen narration, etc.). Resume: rapid changes of screen watching social practices challenge the well-known creative technologies, turning the familiar TV shows into the part of the hypertext with different logic of reading and understanding.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF HARASSMENT AT WORK

2017 ◽  
pp. 045
Author(s):  
Milica Todorović
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Tertiary Prevention ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Social Response ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Insight Into

In this paper, the author discusses the phenomenon of mobbing, or harassment at the workplace, by focusing on the concept, phenomenological characteristics and types of mobbing, the etiological factors leading to its emergence, and the consequences sustained by victims. Considering the need to have mobbing recognized and legally sanctioned as a form of harassment, the author underscores that the social response to mobbing must be conceived as a comprehensive system of preventive measures. This paper aims to provide an insight into this negative social phenomenon as a prerequisite for building an effective system of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. In particular, the author provides an overview of the Serbian legislation on this matter and points to the role of the non-governmental sector in the prevention of mobbing.

scholarly journals Evolution in Visual Communication of the Javanese Printed Wedding Invitations

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Diah Kristina ◽  
Nur Saptaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
The Social ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Social Document ◽  
Host Evolution

Printed wedding invitations have been one of the most crucial aspects in the social organization among many countries like Brunei Darussalam, Iran, Egypt, and Persia. Javanese people also pay special attention to this social document as it represents social class, social status, prestige, and fnancial support allocated by the host. Evolution of printed Javanese wedding invitations represent social and economic pressures. The diasporic communities who were absent to earn a living brought a noticeable change by setting up the bride’s parents’ photographs in the invitations. 15 invitation texts were selected ranging from 1980 – 2017 used in Tawangmangu, Wonogiri and Sukoharjo, the eastern part of Central Java, Indonesia. There was a consistent regularity in terms of rhetorical structure. Functionally, the invitations have the same role of inviting prospective guests to share happiness in a more family-bound relationship. Inclusion of parents’ photographs, map of the location, pre-wedding photos, wise words, calendar, the profle of the couple were indicators of transformation taking place. Later, the printing decision of the invitations is pretty much customer-driven informed by the customers’ needs, values, and beliefs. Rhetorically the materialistically-driven social phenomenon was shown by an explicit gifts desired.

The Role of Geo-Demographic Big Data for Assessing the Effectiveness of Crowd-Funded Software Projects

Big Data ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 1452-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Average Position

The current phenomenon of Big Data – the use of datasets that are too big for traditional business analysis tools used in industry – is driving a shift in how social and economic problems are understood and analysed. This chapter explores the role Big Data can play in analysing the effectiveness of crowd-funding projects, using the data from such a project, which aimed to fund the development of a software plug-in called ‘QPress'. Data analysed included the website metrics of impressions, clicks and average position, which were found to be significantly connected with geographical factors using an ANOVA. These were combined with other country data to perform t-tests in order to form a geo-demographic understanding of those who are displayed advertisements inviting participation in crowd-funding. The chapter concludes that there are a number of interacting variables and that for Big Data studies to be effective, their amalgamation with other data sources, including linked data, is essential to providing an overall picture of the social phenomenon being studied.

Service Providers as Digital Media Infrastructure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Harris
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Internet Infrastructure ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Systems

This chapter documents the critical role of service providers in the development of today's digital media systems. It illustrates how an ethnographic approach to media infrastructures helps to connect hard infrastructural forms, such as wires, transmissions towers, and buildings, with soft infrastructural forms, including institutions, protocols, and social practices. It then focuses on circumvention practices in Turkey. The work of Turkey's cybercafé operators forms a key component of Internet infrastructure, critically shaping the social topography of media in the country. The cafés and their operators coordinate disparate technologies and communities and are sites where different protocols are negotiated. At the same time, in these locations, state infrastructural control, surveillance, and censorship can be undermined.

scholarly journals An Optimization Management Model for Countries with Mutually Competitive Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2326
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Weizhou Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competitive Relations ◽  
Optimization Management ◽  
Competitive Regions ◽  
Resource And Environment

It is difficult to manage resources allocation and pollution in a multi-regional country with mutually competitive relations. This work therefore intends to propose an optimal control model for the management problem. Through introducing the union utility function to model competitive interactions, we construct an integrated economy, resource, and environment macroeconomic model according to the social practices in the country with some competitive regions. Numerical procedures are proposed to search for the optimal energy policy and antipollution strategy of the model. As shown, an optimal fair tradeoff between efficiency and equity can be balanced for each region in the country. More important, the model verifies the importance of the role of government for management problems in a country with complex internal competitive relations

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