scholarly journals Serological evidence and spatial analysis of small ruminant lentiviruses in herds in Maranhão, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Rafael Rodrigues Soares ◽  
Francisco Alberto Moraes Viana Júnior ◽  
Diego Moraes Soares ◽  
Thais Bastos Rocha ◽  
Leandro Henrique Veiga de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

Caprine arthritis encephalitis and Maedi-Visnaare lentiviruses affecting goats and sheep, respectively. Despite the literature having studies about these diseases, there is a constant demand and the need to study the health status of flocks that exploit economically. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the frequency of small ruminant lentiviruses explored in regional locations of Chapadinha and Itapecuru Mirim, that compose the microregion of Low Parnaíba, Maranhão, Brazil, as well as analyze the spatial distribution of outbreaks in the studied regions. Therefore, 241 properties were visited, where blood was collected in 1150 sheep and 1260 goats and tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). Epidemiological questionnaire was applied and collected the geographic coordinates. There was a low frequencyfor lentivirus, with 0.39% (5/1260) of goats and 0.08% (1/1150) of sheep. Regarding the spatial analysis, the reagent flocks were distributed in strategic cities for commercialization throughout the microregion. There was a low occurrence of lentiviruses.The municipalities of Cantanhede and Pirapemas of the regional of Itapecuru Mirimand Brejo and Magalhães de Almeida had reagent flocks for CAE. Whereas the municipality of Matões do Norte presented flock reagent to Maedi-Visna, this belonging to the regional of Chapadinha.

Small ruminant lentiviruses in goats in southern Italy: Serological evidence, risk factors and implementation of control programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cirone ◽  
Aristide Maggiolino ◽  
Margie Cirilli ◽  
Alessio Sposato ◽  
Pasquale De Palo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis (Measurements at Heights of 10 m and 20 m above Ground Level) of the Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0) and Gaseous Pollutants (H2S) on the University Campus: A Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
High Concentrations

Spatial analysis of the distribution of particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas pollution was performed in the area around a university library building. The reasons for the subject matter were reports related to the perceptible odor characteristic of hydrogen sulfide and a general poor assessment of air quality by employees and students. Due to the area of analysis, it was decided to perform measurements at two heights, 10 m and 20 m above ground level, using measuring equipment attached to a DJI Matrice 600 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The aim of the measurements was air quality assessment and investigate the convergence of the theory of air flow around the building with the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Considerable differences of up to 63% were observed in the concentrations of pollutants measured around the building, especially between opposite sides, depending on the direction of the wind. To explain these differences, the theory of aerodynamics was applied to visualize the probable airflow in the direction of the wind. A strong convergence was observed between the aerodynamic model and the spatial distribution of pollutants. This was evidenced by the high concentrations of dust in the areas of strong turbulence at the edges of the building and on the leeward side. The accumulation of pollutants was also clearly noticeable in these locations. A high concentration of H2S was recorded around the library building on the side of the car park. On the other hand, the air turbulence around the building dispersed the gas pollution, causing the concentration of H2S to drop on the leeward side. It was confirmed that in some analyzed areas the permissible concentration of H2S was exceeded.

scholarly journals Worldwide Prevalence of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Sheep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Ricardo de Miguel ◽  
Marta Arrieta ◽  
Ana Rodríguez-Largo ◽  
Irache Echeverría ◽  
Raúl Resendiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) are highly prevalent retroviruses with significant genetic diversity and antigenic heterogeneity that cause a progressive wasting disease of sheep called Maedi-visna. This work provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 40 years (1981–2020) of scientific publications on SRLV individual and flock prevalence. Fifty-eight publications and 314 studies were included. Most articles used a single diagnostic test to estimate prevalence (77.6%), whereas articles using three or more tests were scarce (6.9%). Serological tests are more frequently used than direct methods and ELISA has progressively replaced AGID over the last decades. SRLV infection in sheep is widespread across the world, with Europe showing the highest individual prevalence (40.9%) and being the geographical area in which most studies have been performed. Africa, Asia, and North America show values between 16.7% to 21.8% at the individual level. South and Central America show the lowest individual SRLV prevalence (1.7%). There was a strong positive correlation between individual and flock prevalence (ρ = 0.728; p ≤ 0.001). Despite the global importance of small ruminants, the coverage of knowledge on SRLV prevalence is patchy and inconsistent. There is a lack of a gold standard method and a defined sampling strategy among countries and continents.

The presence of small ruminant lentiviruses in Mexican Pelibuey sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 1953-1957.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
José H. Sánchez ◽  
Humberto A. Martínez ◽  
María M. García ◽  
Germán Garrido ◽  
Luis Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Pelibuey Sheep ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of small-ruminant lentiviruses: characterization of Norwegian isolates of Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Gjerset ◽  
Anne K. Storset ◽  
Espen Rimstad
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Group Designation ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

Small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), including Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats and maedi-visna virus (MVV) in sheep, are lentiviruses that, despite overall similarities, show considerable genetic variation in regions of the SRLV genome. To gain further knowledge about the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among field isolates of SRLVs occurring in geographically distinct areas, the full-length genomic sequence of a CAEV isolate (CAEV-1GA) and partial env sequences obtained from Norwegian CAEV-infected goats were determined. The genome of CAEV-1GA consisted of 8919 bp. Alignment studies indicated significant diversity from published SRLV sequences. Deletions and hypervariability in the 5′ part of the env gene have implications for the size of the proposed CAEV-1GA Rev protein and the encoded surface glycoprotein (SU). The variable regions in the C-terminal part of SU obtained from Norwegian CAEV isolates demonstrate higher sequence divergence than has been described previously for SRLVs. Phylogenetic analysis based on SU sequences gives further support for a unique group designation. The results described here reveal a distant genetic relationship between Norwegian CAEV and other SRLVs and demonstrate that there is more geographical heterogeneity among SRLVs than reported previously.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Breast Cancer in Sudan 2010-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Maweya Abdelbagi Elbasheer ◽  
Ayah Galal Abdelrahman Alkhidir ◽  
Siham Mohammed Awad Mohammed ◽  
Areej Abuelgasim Hassan Abbas ◽  
Aisha Osman Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Risk Areas

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females worldwide including Sudan. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of breast cancer in Sudan.Materials and methodsA facility based cross-sectional study was implemented in eighteen histopathology laboratories distributed in the three localities of Khartoum State on a sample of 4630 Breast Cancer cases diagnosed during the period 2010-2016. A master database was developed through Epi Info™ 7.1.5.2 for computerizing the data collected: the facility name, type (public or private), and its geo- location (latitude and longitude). Personal data on patients were extracted from their respective medical records (name, age, marital status, ethnic group, State, locality, administrative unit, permanent address and phone number, histopathology diagnosis). The data was summarized through SPSS to generate frequency tables for estimating prevalence and the geographical information system (ArcGIS 10.3) was used to generate the epidemiological distribution maps. ArcGIS 10.3 spatial analysis features were used to develop risk maps based on the kriging method.ResultsBreast cancer prevalence was 3.9 cases per 100,000 female populations. Of the 4423 cases of breast cancer, invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST) was the most frequent (79.5%, 3517/4423) histopathological diagnosis. The spatial analysis indicated as high risk areas for breast cancer in Sudan the States of Nile River, Northern, Red Sea, White Nile, Northern and Southern Kordofan.ConclusionsThe attempt to develop a predictive map of breast cancer in Sudan revealed three levels of risk areas (risk, intermediate and high risk areas); regardless the risk level, appropriate preventive and curative health interventions with full support from decision makers are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study and spatial modeling of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in central area of Iran

2017 ◽  
pp. 5899-5909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Mokhtari ◽  
Zahra Azizi ◽  
Soheila Rabiaee Fradonbeh
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants

Objective. Estimate the prevalence and spatial modeling of PPR in the small ruminant population of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran, during 2009–2014. Materials and methods. Data were collected from veterinary organization and Offices in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and data analysis was carried out using and IBM SPSS version 22 and Office 2010. For spatial modeling geographic information system (QGIS and PCI-Geomatic) was used. Results. This study showed that the overall prevalence of PPR during the years 2009 to 2014 was 1.37%. Koohrang, Ardal, Lordegan, Ben, Borougen, Shahrekord, Farsan and Kiar cities had the highest prevalence of PPR, respectively. The highest PPR infection rate was observed in the March and goat more affected rather than other ruminants. Conclusions. Our findings provide evidence of a rather common prevalence of PPR and its spatial distribution in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Using statistical tests for data analysis of PPR and its spatial modeling researchers can predict the incidence of disease in the future and could select appropriate measures of disease control.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinant factors of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia: a multilevel and spatial analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e027276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelemu Tilahun Kibret ◽  
Catherine Chojenta ◽  
Ellie D’Arcy ◽  
Deborah Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
North Eastern

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the spatial distribution and determinant factors of anaemia among reproductive age women in Ethiopia.MethodsAn in-depth analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data was undertaken. Getis-Ord Gi* statistics were used to identify the hot and cold spot areas for anaemia among women of reproductive age. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of anaemia among women of reproductive age.ResultsOlder age (adjusted OR [AOR]=0.75; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.96), no education (AOR=1.37; 95% CI 1.102 to 1.72), lowest wealth quantile (AOR=1.29; 95% CI 1.014 to 1.60), currently pregnant (AOR=1.28; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.51, currently breast feeding (AOR=1.09; 95% CI 1.025 to 1.28), high gravidity (AOR=1.39; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.69) and HIV positive (AOR=2.11; 95% CI 1.59 to 2.79) are individual factors associated with the occurrence of anaemia. Likewise, living in a rural area (AOR=1.29; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.63) and availability of unimproved latrine facilities (AOR=1.18; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.39) are community-level factors associated with higher odds of anaemia. The spatial analysis indicated that statistically high hotspots of anaemia were observed in the eastern (Somali, Dire Dawa and Harari regions) and north-eastern (Afar) parts of the country.ConclusionThe prevalence rate of anaemia among women of reproductive age varied across the country. Significant hotspots/high prevalence of anaemia was observed in the eastern and north-eastern parts of Ethiopia. Anaemia prevention strategies need to be targeted on rural residents, women with limited to no education, women who are breast feeding, areas with poor latrine facilities and women who are HIV positive.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document