Humoral Immunity Against HDL Particle: A New Perspective in Cardiovascular Diseases?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 3128-3146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Satta ◽  
Miguel A. Frias ◽  
Nicolas Vuilleumier ◽  
Sabrina Pagano
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Biological Implication ◽  
Humoral Autoimmunity ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Background: Autoimmune diseases are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Over the last decades, the comprehension of atherosclerosis, the principal initiator of CVD, evolved from a lipidcentered disease to a predominant inflammatory and immune response-driven disease displaying features of autoimmunity against a broad range of auto-antigens, including lipoproteins. Among them, high density lipoproteins (HDL) are important actors of cholesterol transport and bear several anti-atherogenic properties, raising a growing interest as therapeutic targets to decrease atherosclerosis and CVD burden, with nevertheless rather disappointing results so far. Reflecting HDL composition complexity, autoimmune responses and autoantibodies against various HDL components have been reported. Results: In this review, we addressed the important complexity of humoral autoimmunity towards HDL and particularly how this autoimmune response could help improving our understanding of HDL biological implication in atherosclerosis and CVD. We also discussed several issues related to specific HDL autoantibody subclasses characteristics, including etiology, prognosis and pathological mechanisms according to Rose criteria. Conclusion: Finally, we addressed the possible clinical value of using these antibodies not only as potential biomarkers of atherogenesis and CVD, but also as a factor potentially mitigating the benefit of HDL-raising therapies.

scholarly journals Regulation of miRNAs by Natural Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Diseases: Focus on SIRT1 and eNOS

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Yunna Lee ◽  
Eunok Im
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The potential benefits of natural antioxidants derived from supplemental nutrients against CVDs are well known. Remarkably, natural antioxidants exert cardioprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress, increasing vasodilation, and normalizing endothelial dysfunction. Recently, considerable evidence has highlighted an important role played by the synergistic interaction between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the maintenance of endothelial function. To provide a new perspective on the role of natural antioxidants against CVDs, we focused on microRNAs (miRNAs), which are important posttranscriptional modulators in human diseases. Several miRNAs are regulated via the consumption of natural antioxidants and are related to the regulation of oxidative stress by targeting eNOS and/or SIRT1. In this review, we have discussed the specific molecular regulation of eNOS/SIRT1-related endothelial dysfunction and its contribution to CVD pathologies; furthermore, we selected nine different miRNAs that target the expression of eNOS and SIRT1 in CVDs. Additionally, we have summarized the alteration of miRNA expression and regulation of activities of miRNA through natural antioxidant consumption.

scholarly journals ANXA2 is correlated with the molecular features and clinical prognosis of glioma, and acts as a potential marker of immunosuppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiming Ma ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Weihai Liu ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Suhua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Genome Atlas

AbstractRecent studies have shown that ANXA2 is important in the development of many cancers, while its role in glioma-related immune response remains unclear. We aimed to comprehensively investigate its biological characteristics and clinical value in glioma. We analyzed 699 glioma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas as training cohort and 325 samples from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas as validation cohort. All the statistical analyses and figures were generated with R. ANXA2 was overexpressed significantly in high-grade glioma, isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type and mesenchymal-subtype glioma. ANXA2 was a special indicator of mesenchymal subtype. The survival analysis showed that highly-expressed ANXA2 was related to worse survival status as an independent factor of poor prognosis. Further gene ontology analysis showed that ANXA2 was mainly involved in immune response and inflammatory activities of glioma. Subsequent correlation analysis showed that ANXA2 was positively correlated with HCK, LCK, MHC II, STAT1 and interferon but negatively with IgG. Meanwhile, ANXA2 was positively related to the infiltration of tumor-related macrophages, regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Our study revealed that ANXA2 is a biomarker closely related to the malignant phenotype and poor prognosis of glioma, and plays an important role in immune response, inflammatory activity and immunosuppression.

scholarly journals Associations between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Assessed with the MEDLIFE Index among the Working Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Pavičić Žeželj ◽  
Gordana Kenđel Jovanović ◽  
Nataša Dragaš Zubalj ◽  
Vladimir Mićović ◽  
Željko Sesar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

The adherence to the Mediterranean diet is beneficial for cardiovascular diseases prevention. The study aim is to use Mediterranean lifestyle (MEDLIFE) questionnaire for estimation of Mediterranean lifestyle habits among the working population and to establish MEDLIFE score correlation with the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In the study has participated 366 workers from Croatia, which fulfilled MEDLIFE and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) questionnaire. The multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between MEDLIFE index, workers’ obesity and cardiovascular diseases risk. The lowest adherence to Mediterranean lifestyle was associated to younger, low education, body fat above acceptable ranges and unfavorable lipid profile. Significant association to Mediterranean lifestyle was more among women (p = 0.002), middle aged (p = 0.02), highly physically active (p = 0.009) and those who play collective sports >2 h/w (p = 0.001), having body fat within acceptable range (p = 0.003), total cholesterol less (p = 0.03) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C) (p = 0.04) more than recommended. Inverse significant association was for high educational level (p = 0.02). The Mediterranean lifestyle adherence is associated to lower risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among studied working population. MEDLIFE index revealed that physical activity and conviviality are better ingrained among younger population but not the Mediterranean diet.

Abstract 631: Lipid Composition of Gold Nanoparticle-Templated High-Density Lipoprotein Analogs Dictates Cholesterol Efflux Function

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kannan Mutharasan ◽  
Amritha T Singh ◽  
Kaylin M McMahon ◽  
C Shad Thaxton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cholesterol Transport

Background: Reverse cholesterol transport, the process by which cholesterol is effluxed from cells to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and is delivered to the liver for clearance, is a promising pathway to augment for treatment of atherosclerosis. Though structure-function relationships for nascent, discoidal HDL and cholesterol efflux have been well studied, how the lipid composition of spherical HDL species - which varies in pathophysiological conditions - impacts their ability to mediate cholesterol efflux has not been investigated. Methods and Results: Spherical gold nanoparticles (5 nm) were used to synthesize spherical HDL analogs (HDL-NP) by adding ApoAI protein, and various lipids. With this strategy a panel of HDL-NP varying in lipid content was generated. HDL-NP designs tested include: dipalmitylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC, saturated fatty acid), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC, unsaturated fatty acid), sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and mixtures thereof. All of these species are found in natural HDL. After characterizing protein and lipid stoichiometry of the purified HDL-NP, these HDL-NP designs were tested in the cellular reverse cholesterol transport assay using J774 mouse macrophages. These studies demonstrate that all HDL-NP designs mediate more efflux than equimolar amounts of ApoAI protein control, and further demonstrate that HDL-NP designs incorporating unsaturated phospholipid (DOPC), sphingomyelin, and LPC - each of which can increase disorder in the lipid membrane and thus give rise to opportunity for cholesterol to intercalate and bind - enhance cholesterol efflux compared to saturated phospholipid (DPPC) design. Conclusion: In summary, these results demonstrate that lipid content of HDL-NP - analogs of spherical HDL - dictates cholesterol efflux function, a finding which sheds light on the functional importance of lipid content variation seen in mature, spherical HDL species.

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases

Angiogenesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Yanyan Yang ◽  
Zhibin Wang ◽  
Tingyu Zong ◽  
Xiuxiu Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

scholarly journals Plasma vitronectin is reduced in patients with myasthenia gravis: Diagnostic and pathophysiological potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 184945441987591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Junior Lepedda ◽  
Giovanni Andrea Deiana ◽  
Omar Lobina ◽  
Gabriele Nieddu ◽  
Paola Baldinu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Postsynaptic Membrane ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Weakness ◽  
Plasma Fractions ◽  
Muscle Specific Kinase

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease leading to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness. It is caused by specific antibodies directed against definite components in the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), such as the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and the muscle-specific kinase (MUSK) receptor. In clinical practice, MG patients may be classified into three main subgroups based on the occurrence of serum autoantibodies directed against AChR or MUSK receptor or antibody-negative. As the MG subgroups differ in terms of clinical characteristics, disease pathogenesis, prognosis, and response to therapies, they could benefit from targeted treatment as well as the detection of other possible disease biomarkers. We performed proteomics on plasma fractions enriched in low-abundance proteins to identify potential biomarkers according to different autoimmune responses. By this approach, we evidenced a significant reduction of vitronectin in MG patients compared to healthy controls, irrespective of the autoantibodies NMJ target. The obtained results were validated by mono- and two-dimensional Western blotting analysis. Vitronectin is a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in the regulation of several pathophysiological processes, including complement-dependent immune response, coagulation, fibrinolysis, pericellular proteolysis, cell attachment, and spreading. The pathophysiological significance of the reduction of plasma vitronectin in MG patients has yet to be fully elucidated. It could be related either to a possible deposition of vitronectin at NMJ to counteract the complement-mediated muscle damage at this level or to a parallel variation of this glycoprotein in the muscle extracellular matrix with secondary induced alteration in clustering of AChRs at NMJ, as it occurs with variation in concentrations of agrin, another extracellular matrix component. The clinical value of measuring plasma vitronectin has yet to be defined. According to present findings, significantly lower plasma values of this glycoprotein might be indicative of an impaired complement-dependent immune response.

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