Carbon Dioxide As a Standard of Care for Zero Contrast Interventions: When, Why and How?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (44) ◽  
pp. 4662-4666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodosios Bisdas ◽  
Stylianos Koutsias
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Endovascular Procedures ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Hospital Facility ◽  
Good Imaging ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Background: Traditional contrast media containing iodine remain the gold standard for vessel visualization during endovascular procedures. On the other hand, their use has several side effects and implications and may cause contrast medium-induced nephropathy. Carbon dioxide (CO2) angiography is an old alternative technique used only for critical patients in order to prevent kidney damages or allergic reactions. Zero contrast procedure: The availability of automated CO2 injectors has led to an increase in the use of CO2 angiography, providing an option for zero contrast interventions, preserving patient renal function and saving costs for the hospital facility. Taking advantage of the properties of CO2 gas, it is possible to improve the performance of some complex procedures such as atherectomy and the detection of type II endoleaks after EVARs. However, a learning curve is needed to get good imaging, and learn about the qualities and limitations of the technique. Conclusions: The use of automatic delivery systems for CO2 angiography appears to be a good choice for the use of CO2 as the first imaging option. The standardization of injection protocols and the extensive use of this technique could lead to significant benefits both for the patient's prospects and health facilities.

Optimizing Carbon Dioxide Peripheral Arteriography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikin V. Patel ◽  
Steven Zangan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Transient Ischemia ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Vessel Size ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Contrast Allergy

Angiography relies on the use of contrast medium for visualization of the vessel. Iodinated contrast can be contraindicated in patients with renal impairment or iodinated contrast allergy, so carbon dioxide (CO2) gas can be a useful alternative. A number of technical and postural parameters can optimize CO2 angiography, and vasodilators can be used to improve imaging of peripheral vessels. Although CO2 has distinct advantages, the limitations of CO2 angiography must be well understood. Operators should be aware that CO2 angiography can lead to overestimation of vessel size and can lead to complications such as transient ischemia of tissues, alterations of blood chemistry, neurotoxicity, and “vapor lock.”

scholarly journals A Review of the Measurement Method, Analysis and Implementation Policy of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5873
Author(s):  
Nur Fatma Fadilah Yaacob ◽  
Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid ◽  
Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud ◽  
Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Implementation Policy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a review of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transportation in an attempt to establish a quick and suboptimal update of the methods used to calculate and analyze CO2 emissions from transportation. Transportation is the largest contributor to air pollution through the release of high amounts of CO2 gas into the atmosphere. The methods for calculating and analyzing the carbon footprint of transportation; which is of critical importance in the management of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming; are still being developed. However; there are some differences in the definitions and methods used to calculate the carbon footprint of transportation in previous studies. This review focuses on the similarities of the methods used to measure CO2 emissions as well as the analyses used to evaluate the emissions. This paper will also highlight the advantages and limitations of each research work. By doing this; the present study contributes to the selection of appropriate methods for calculating CO2 emissions from transportation and draws attention to environmental issues. It is hoped that the implementation of the most appropriate framework will help to reduce CO2 emissions from transportation

scholarly journals Behavioral Response of Weaned Pigs during Gas Euthanasia with CO2, CO2 with Butorphanol, or Nitrous Oxide

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enver Çavuşoğlu ◽  
Jean-Loup Rault ◽  
Richard Gates ◽  
Donald C. Lay
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Open Mouth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The swine industry is often forced to euthanize pigs in the first few weeks of life due to injuries, hernias, or unthriftiness. The majority of pigs are euthanized using carbon dioxide (CO2) gas asphyxiation but concerns as to the humaneness of CO2 are increasing. This study compared the euthanasia of weaned pigs using N2O (N2O; n = 9) or CO2 (n = 9), at 50% and 25% min−1 exchange rate, respectively. In addition, we administered an analgesic prior to euthanasia with CO2 (CO2B) exposure as a third treatment (n = 9) to elucidate behaviors indicative of pain. Pigs in the CO2 and N2O treatments lost posture at similar times (latency of 145.0 ± 17.3 and 162.6 ± 7.0 s respectively, p > 0.10), while the CO2B treatment pigs lost posture the soonest (101.2 ± 4.7 s, p < 0.01). The pigs in the CO2B treatment made more escape attempts than the CO2 or N2O pigs (16.4 ± 4.2, 4.7 ± 1.6, 0.3 ± 0.2, respectively; p < 0.0004). However, pigs in N2O squealed more often than either the CO2 or CO2B pigs (9.0 ± 1.6, 2.8 ± 1.2, 1.3 ± 0.6, respectively, p < 0.001). Given the similar time to loss of posture and shorter time displaying open mouth breathing, N2O may cause less stress to pigs; however, the greater number of squeals performed by these pigs suggests the opposite. It was not apparent that any behavior measured was indicative of pain. In conclusion, N2O applied at a 50% min−1 flow rate can be an alternative to CO2 for pig euthanasia.

Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor Using SAW Device Based on ZnO Film

2011 ◽  
Vol 135-136 ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Bao Wen ◽  
Yong Feng Ju ◽  
Wan Lin Li ◽  
Wen Zheng Sun ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Zno Film ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Co2 Gas Sensor ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas sensor using surface acoustic wave (SAW) device based on Zinc oxide (ZnO) was developed and fabricated in this paper. The center frequency of SAW device is 203.528 MHz. The input and two output interdigital transducers (IDT) apodized by Morlet wavelet function can improve the side lobe rejection compared with uniform IDT. The ZnO film sensitive to CO2 gas was fabricated in measurement acoustic track of SAW device. Experiments results confirm that the CO2 gas sensor using SAW device based on ZnO film has good response characteristics to different concentrations CO2 gas. Furthermore, the CO2 gas sensor using SAW device based on ZnO film has good stability and linearity.

scholarly journals New technology in 3D Concrete Printing by Using Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1200 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
Norhafizah Salleh ◽  
Nur Syahera Jamalulail ◽  
Noor Azlina Abdul Hamid ◽  
Zalipah Jamellodin ◽  
Masni A Majid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Furnace Slag

Abstract 3D building printing is a technology for producing 3D models of an object to build any shape or size in layers by using computer software. The development of 3D printing was going to be more famous and commercial in the future to reduce the construction cost and labor demands, sustainability, and to the greenest way. Concrete is the mixture that consists of the ingredients of water, binder (cement) and aggregates (rock, sand, gravel). The productions of Portland cement in construction leads to the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas into the air. Waste material has been used as cement replacement in this research study to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions. This research study was going to evaluate the viability of concrete for 3D printing and printing emphasizing the impact on potential opportunities of this innovative industry. The behaviour of 3D concrete printing and potential of modified mortar in 3D concrete mix design by using Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) is used to evaluate the potential uses of GGBS in concrete mixture for 3D building printing. This research study involved the review of concrete compressive strength and workability of 3D concrete printing with the control aspect during process manufacturing. The result shows that the mix design of 3D concrete printing with 30% and 40% produced concrete strength of 47.33MPa and 47.67MPa respectively. Furthermore, control aspect requirements of concrete for 3D printing were discussed in the field extrudability, flowability, buildability, strength between layers, aggregates, and water-cement ratio. Throughout this study, the manufactures of 3D building printing materials using environmentally friendly elements can contribute effectively create a sustainable environment automatically.

scholarly journals Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnaces Slag and kaolin mixtures

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Digestion Technique ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Iron Manufacturing

<p>Mineral carbonation has been utilised extensively worldwide as the most important way of permanently sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2). This study objective includes sequestering of CO2 gas from atmosphere via carbonation of magnesium and calcium. Waste materials such as ground granulated blast furnaces slag (GGBS) extracted through iron manufacturing as well as brown kaolin mixtures were employed. Acid digestion method as well as thermogravimetric analysis were employed to quantify CO2 sequestered by GGBS-kaolin mixtures.The outcomes indicated that the acid digestion technique is more dependable compared to TGA in measuring CO2. Nonetheless, both methods deduced that the quantity of CO2 sequestered is about 5% from the total dry mass of the mixtures. Thus, GGBS-kaolin mixtures effectively sequester a substantial quantity of CO2.</p>

PENGARUH KELIMPAHAN SEL MIKROALGAE AIR TAWAR (Chlorella sp.) TERHADAP PENAMBATAN KARBONDIOKSIDA = Effect of Microalgae Cell Density (Chlorella sp) on Absorption of Carbondioxide

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nida Sopiah ◽  
Adi Mulyanto ◽  
Sindi Sehabudin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Chlorella sp. is a single-cell microalgae that lives in aquatic environment. It grows and developsby making use of sunlight as an energy source and carbon dioxide (CO2) as carbon source. Chlorella sp. can be utilized as biological agents in reducing CO2 gas emissions in the atmosphere. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the influence of microalgae’sincreasing density to its capability in absorbing CO2.The air which contains CO2 was injected to aclosed photobioreactor intermittently by an aerator. The flow rate applied was 2.5 liters/minute.Research result identified that amount of CO2 sequestered by Chlorella sp. in photobioreactor system was equal with increasing of microalgae biomass density. Sequestration of CO2 inphotobioreactor significantly increased at the afternoon because occurring of photosynthesis process. This phenomenon was identified by difference of CO2 concentration during morning andafternoon toward photobioreactor number 1, 2, and 3. The difference was in between 0.15 % -2.40 %; 0.05 % - 2.30 %; and 0.51 % - 2.74 % respectively. Capability of cell on sequestering ofCO2 increased amounting of 102 – 167.2 % per day.Keywords: Chlorella sp, carbondioxide, sequestration, microalgae abundanceAbstrak Chlorella sp. merupakan mikroalgae bersel tunggal yang hidup di lingkungan perairan, tumbuh dan berkembang dengan memanfaatkan sinar matahari sebagai sumber energi dankarbondioksida sebagai sumber karbon. Chlorella sp. dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai agensia hayati dalam menurunkan emisi gas CO2 di atmosfer. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengkajipengaruh kelimpahan Chlorella sp. terhadap penambatan karbon dioksida dalam mereduksi emisi karbondioksida. Pada penelitian ini, gas CO2 diinjeksikan ke dalam fotobioreaktor sistemtertutup dengan sistem intermiten dan supply oksigen menggunakan aerator dengan debit sebesar 2,5 liter/menit. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah karbondioksida yangditambat oleh Chlorella sp. dalam sistem fotobioreaktor setara dengan penambahan kelimpahan biomassa mikroalgae. Panambatan karbondioksida pada fotobioreaktor mengalami peningkatansangat signifikan pada siang hari karena adanya proses fotosintesis yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya selisih konsentrasi CO2 saat pagi dan sore hari pada masing-masing fotobioreaktor 1, 2 dan 3 berkisar antara 0,15 % - 2,40 %; 0,05 % - 2,30 % dan 0,51 % - 2,74 %. Sedangkanefisiensi kemampuan penambatan CO2 oleh setiap sel Chlorella sp. selama 21 hari dibandingkan terhadap inokulasi hari pertama menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dengan nilai efisiensimasing-masing 67,2 %; 144,6 %; 222,6 %; 308,8 %; 364,2 %; 416,1 %; 447,0 %; 470,8 %; 505,9%; 555,0 %; 571,4 %; 581,0 %; 587,7 %; 612,6 %; 626,6 %; 656,6 %; 684,7 %; 715,3 %; 733,9%; dan pada hari ke-21 meningkat sebesar 750,5 %. Dan kemampuan setiap sel dalam menambat CO2 setiap hari mampu meningkatkan sebesar 102 % -167,2 %. Kata Kunci : Chlorella sp., karbondioksida, penambatan, kelimpahan mikroalga

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