Biomass Power Generation Potential and Utlization in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (21) ◽  
pp. 2350-2365
Author(s):  
Muhammad G. Doggar ◽  
M. Shahzad Khurram ◽  
Saima Mirza ◽  
Moinuddin Ghauri ◽  
Farrukh Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Oil Reserves

Pakistan is experiencing the worst power shortage since 2007 ranging from 5000 to 7000 MW. This has led to introduction of load shedding program which has caused economic loss @7% to the GDP. The indigenous oil reserves are poor and every year crude oil and petroleum products costing US$ 15.473 billion are imported. The potential of biomass energy is excellent, and Pakistan may generate 38000 GWh electricity annually using 25% crops residue and 50% animal waste. Except for Punjab province survey of crops biomass needs to be conducted to estimate the biomass resource potential in the country. Based upon the data, the size of power plants can be determined, and site of plants can be decided. Very few power plants have been installed by local industry under captive mode and their experience is encouraging. The indigenous capacity building for installation and operation of bio-mass based power plants are required. This paper reviews the power shortage and its implications on economy of Pakistan. It also describes the biomass technologies, resource base and power generation potential along with utilization status in Pakistan. It also discusses possible role of biomass power in mitigating the energy crisis especially in the rural areas. Using only 20-25% of the estimated crops waste of major crops and 50% of animal’s waste Pakistan can generate more than 36,000 GWh equivalent to 45% of the electricity consumption per annum. The crops residue alone can produce 11953 MW (31%) of the power potential with 25% of the available crops residue.

Low-Carbon Clean Technology for Waste Energy Recovery in Power Plants Based on Green Environmental Protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Tian ◽  
Wen-Jing Liu ◽  
Qi-jie Jiang ◽  
Xin-Ying Xu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Total Power Consumption

With the development of biomass power generation technology, biomass waste has a more excellent recycling value. The article establishes a biomass waste inventory model based on the material flow analysis method and predicts raw material waste’s energy utilization potential. The results show that the amount of biomass waste generated from 2016 to 2020 is on the rise. In 2020, biomass waste’s energy utilization can reach 107,802,300 tons, equivalent to 1,955.28PJ of energy. Through biomass energy analysis and emission analysis, the results show that the biomass waste can generate 182.02 billion kW⋅h in 2020, which can replace 35.9% of the region’s total power consumption, which is compared with the traditional power generation method under the same power generation capacity. Power generation can reduce SO2 emissions by 250,400 tons, NOx emissions by 399,300 tons, and PM10 emissions by 49,700 tons. Reduce direct economic losses by 712 million yuan. Therefore, Chinese promotion of the recycling of biomass waste and the acceleration of the biomass energy industry’s development is of great significance for reducing pollutant emissions and alleviating energy pressure.

Renewable Energy Techniques – A Sustainable Model for Architects Regarding Physical Environment and Economic Empowerment of the Sub Urban and Rural Areas in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 244-247
Author(s):  
Ruba Rummana ◽  
Ar.Silvia Alam ◽  
Ar. Nusrat Wahid ◽  
Md. Saifuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Investment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This paper mainly concentrates on the energy crisis for a long time in Bangladesh. The government is trying its best to overcome this problem. Due to high investment requirement for conventional power plants, responses from the private sector for power generation are very poor. One alternative solution may be the expanded use of renewable energy. At present solar cells are in use for power generation. But due to high initial investment required for solar panel installation, this form of renewable energy has not been practiced much. The aim behind the study is to integrate the architectural planning regarding physical environment and power crisis problem which may lead to an ultimate improvement of socio economic scenario of the country. In doing so the paper proposes a hypothetical model using biogas as a source of renewable energy by using the rural waste-leading to cash from trash.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF OIL PRODUCTION FROM HARD RESERVES IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Mishenin
Keyword(s):  
Geological Exploration ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Current State ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reserves

The article presents a comprehensive study of the current state and development prospects of hard-to-recover reserves. The role of hard-to-recover reserves in the structure of the crude oil base by categories of reserves and federal districts, as well as on the shelf of the Russian Federation is considered. The analysis of industry-wide trends in the reproduction of the mineral resource base with differentiation by deposits and companies-subsoil users is carried out. The issues of the current state of the volume of financing for geological exploration and the cost of preparing hydrocarbon reserves have been investigated. The dynamics of the distribution of recoverable oil reserves, volumes and efficiency of geological exploration at fields discovered in recent years have been analyzed. The characteristics and dynamics of production of certain categories of hard-to-recover oil by region have been investigated.

scholarly journals Sustainable Energy: Challenges of Implementing New Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
Abdeen Mustafa Omer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Distribution Energy

Sudan is an agricultural country with fertile land, plenty of water resources, livestock, forestry resources, and agricultural residues. Energy is one of the key factors for the development of national economies in Sudan. An overview of the energy situation in Sudan is introduced with reference to the end uses and regional distribution. Energy sources are divided into two main types; conventional energy (biomass, petroleum products, and electricity); and non-conventional energy (solar, wind, hydro, etc.). Sudan possesses a relatively high abundance of sunshine, solar radiation, and moderate wind speeds, hydro, and biomass energy resources. Application of new and renewable sources of energy available in Sudan is now a major issue in the future energy strategic planning for the alternative to the fossil conventional energy to provide part of the local energy demand. Sudan is an important case study in the context of renewable energy. It has a long history of meeting its energy needs through renewables. Sudan’s renewables portfolio is broad and diverse, due in part to the country’s wide range of climates and landscapes. Like many of the African leaders in renewable energy utilisation, Sudan has a well-defined commitment to continue research, development, and implementation of new technologies. Sustainable low-carbon energy scenarios for the new century emphasise the untapped potential of renewable resources. Rural areas of Sudan can benefit from this transition. The increased availability of reliable and efficient energy services stimulates new development alternatives. It is concluded that renewable environmentally friendly energy must be encouraged, promoted, implemented, and demonstrated by full-scale plant especially for use in remote rural areas.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Ammonia Combustion Technology in Thermal Power Generation System for Carbon Emission Reduction

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5604
Author(s):  
Hookyung Lee ◽  
Minjung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Power Generation Systems

With the formation of an international carbon-neutral framework, interest in reducing greenhouse gas emissions is increasing. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that can be directly combusted with the role of an effective hydrogen energy carrier, and its application range is expanding. In particular, as research results applied to power generation systems such as gas turbines and coal-fired power plants have been reported, the technology to use them is gradually being advanced. In the present study, starting with a fundamental combustion research case conducted to use ammonia as a fuel, the application research case for gas turbines and coal-fired power plants was analyzed. Finally, we report the results of the ammonia-air burning flame and pulverized coal-ammonia-air co-fired research conducted at the authors’ research institute.

scholarly journals An Economic and Technology Analysis of a New High-Efficiency Biomass Cogeneration System: A Case Study in DC County, China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3957
Author(s):  
Hui Huang ◽  
Xiaoli Yan ◽  
Shizhong Song ◽  
Yingying Du ◽  
Yanlei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Biomass Power Plants ◽  
Heating Technology

Biomass is the fourth largest energy source in the world; it is easy to store and can be converted into various kinds of renewable energies. The biomass cogeneration system is an important way to utilize biomass energy, especially in northern China. At present, there are many problems in biomass power plants in China, such as high latent heat loss of chimney and cooling towers, low power generation efficiency, and thermal efficiency. In order to solve this problem, this paper introduces low vacuum circulating water heating technology in the biomass cogeneration system, and expounds the differences between China and Western countries in biomass power plants. Based on this background, the technology is redesigned and reformed to make it more suitable for the biomass fuel varieties in the power plant location, and realize the localization of technology and the expansion of scale. The application of this improved technology in China’s biomass cogeneration project is analyzed. Based on the biomass cogeneration project in the DC County of China, the analysis confirms that the designed low vacuum circulating water heating technology is suitable for biomass power generation projects with agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials, and its application can greatly improve the heat utilization efficiency of the whole cogeneration system. At the same time, in order to estimate the possibility of profitable investment when the key financial parameters change, the financial risk is analyzed. The results show that the probability of 90% net present value (NPV) in 15 years is between 355.28 million RMB and 623.96 million RMB, and the internal rate of return can reach 17.7%.

scholarly journals The Development of Straw-Based Biomass Power Generation in Rural Area in Northeast China—An Institutional Analysis Grounded in a Risk Management Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Tsunemi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Biomass Supply ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Biomass Power Plant ◽  
Biomass Power Plants

Given a lack of consideration for the role and importance of stakeholders and the importance of stakeholders in the operation of biomass power plants in China, a comprehensive analysis oriented toward stakeholder risk management is needed to further develop the country’s biomass energy industry. Accordingly, we analyzed institutional factors that contribute to or constrain progress in biomass power generation in China. Data were collected from 275 straw suppliers (farmers) living around a biomass power plant, 15 middlemen, five power plant managers, and five local government officers. Interviews were held with all the participants, but questionnaires were additionally administered to the straw suppliers. Results showed that: (1) risk transfer in the biomass supply chain is one of the reasons why farmers are unwilling to supply straw; (2) middlemen are vital intermediaries between biomass power plant managers and farmers as a middleman-based biomass supply system is necessary to guarantee the quantity of straw supply, and; (3) the institutional structure that underlies the Chinese biomass energy industry is immature.

scholarly journals Suitability assessment for electricity generation through renewable sources: towards sustainable energy production

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pérez-Denicia ◽  
Fabián Fernández-Luqueño ◽  
Darnes Vilariño-Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Renewable Sources

Power generation through renewable sources is an effective alternative to mitigate climate change as its environmental impact is lower compared to fossil fuels. However, socio-economic problems are constant in sites where power plants are installed, especially in developing countries. In this paper, an innovative methodology was developed to assess the suitability of electricity generation through solar, wind, and biomass energy. Unlike most studies found in scientific literature, this work considers social, environmental, and economic aspects as key to determine the suitability of energy projects. First, we carried out a comprehensive analysis on social acceptance and resilience towards renewable energy and the conditions for communities to benefit from these projects; then, we analyzed the availability and capacity of renewable energy sources in Mexico, as a case study. Next,  a set of indicators related to the three pillars of sustainability was developed to assess the conditions of each place with the best renewable resources in the country. The life cycle and capacity factor of each technology were also considered. Lastly, a mathematical model was developed to determine the most suitable locations and technologies for power generation. The results show a trend towards the states of northern Mexico, especially those bordering the United States, as the most viable for electricity generation. The most appropriate technology is wind energy. Finally, Oaxaca, the state with the best wind resources and current leader in wind power generation in Mexico is, by contrast, the least viable state for wind generation, as has been later confirmed by scientific evidence, as wind facilities are associated with severe socio-cultural and economic damage in host communities in this state.

scholarly journals CONVENTIONAL AND NEW SMALL POWER GENERATION IN THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF RUSSIA.

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1/2021) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Chajka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Small Power ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Regions Of Russia

For the North and Arctic regions of Russia the task of the small power generation development is important because there are large areas of expensive decentralized electricity supply (DES) and difficult living conditions. In studying the processes of the small energy development, it is important to detail regional features and economic conditions that determine competitiveness of promising types of energy sources. The article presents the analysis results of the DES of the Russia northern territories on the example of three regions: the Republic of Komi, the Arkhangelsk region, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The analysis aim is to determine the existing prerequisites and barriers to active development of the small power generation in the North. On the basis of the detailed energy-economic indicators and the received generalizations, options for improving the efficiency of autonomous energy supply based on conventional and new small-sized power generation technologies are being considered. The analysis showed that the development of DES zones does not have the institutional incentives and sufficient resource base for qualitative technological modernization. Most of the investment and operating costs of DES in the northern regions are compensated through cross-and budget subsidizations. Traditional diesel generation remains high-cost and low-efficiency, its modernization is carried out at slow rate, the potential of electric and heat energy cogeneration is not used. Renewable energy technologies are not ready for large implementation in local energy systems of the North and Arctic 14of Russia. The renewables projects, implemented over the past five years, are mainly experimental and demonstration. The analysis of the indicators of the "northern" renewable energy projects does not confirm their economic efficiency. The reasons are not only in the high unit investment costs, but also in relatively low utilization rates of the installed capacity (capacity factors) of solar and wind power plants. There is no targeted state support for the development of the efficient small-sized power generation in northern regions.

scholarly journals Biomass Gasification Potential in Nigeria: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Issue 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A Babatunde ◽  
O.O Agbede ◽  
I.I Olateju ◽  
S.D Bamidele ◽  
O.M Osuolale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Gasification Technology

Nigeria is blessed with abundant biomass throughout her six geo-political zones. However, biomass energy is largely used in the rural areas mainly for off grid purposes. The method of such biomass conversion is based on traditional combustion process which is grossly inefficient with attendance environmental implications. This paper addresses the use of gasification technology for the conversion of biomass to high value fuel. It presents biomass gasification as a solution to the menace of inadequate power generation, dependence on fossil fuel, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and inappropriate disposal of wastes. The paper also highlights the need for focus to be shifted to other means of renewable energy in the country rather than hydropower and bioethanol on which the energy policy in the country is concentrated on.

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