Emerging Biomarkers and Contributing Factors of Prostate Cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mini Dahiya ◽  
Monu Yadav ◽  
Kalpana Nagpal ◽  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
Kajal Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Brca1 Brca2 ◽  
Molecular Pathophysiology

: Prostate Cancer (PC) is one the most prominent cause of deaths in males worldwide especially in western countries. The exhaustive research into prostate cancer to date has demonstrated ELAC2, RNASEL, MSR1, NBS1, CHEK2, MYC, BCL-2, c-Kit, tumor suppressor genes, BRCA1, BRCA2, PACE4, GSTP1, PTEN,CDKN1B, NKX3.1, KLF6, FOXA1, Retinoblastoma, p53, androgen receptor, kallikreins, ETS, CYP17, SRD5A2, E-cadherin, KAI1/CD82, hepsin, AMACR, PIM1, MTA-1, EZH2, EPHB2, growth factors & its receptors, cannabinoid receptors, annexins, oxidative stress and inflammation are entailed changes underlying the initiation, development, and progression of PC. Furthermore, oncology would shift from a reactive to proactive discipline so exploring these targets open new area of research. Therefore, the present review is focused on molecular pathophysiology biomarkers for the progression of PC that would encourage the researchers and pharmaceutical industries to investigate potential therapeutic strategy to overcome demerits of currently available clinically therapies.

scholarly journals SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (2020)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. González del Alba ◽  
M. J. Méndez-Vidal ◽  
S. Vazquez ◽  
E. Castro ◽  
M. A. Climent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Brca1 And Brca2 ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Brca1 Brca2 ◽  
Repair Genes ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe treatment of advanced prostate cancer has evolved due to recent advances in molecular research and new drug development. Dynamic aberrations in the androgen receptor, DNA repair genes, PTEN-PI3K, and other pathways drive the behavior of advanced prostate cancer allowing a better selection of therapies in each patient. Tumor testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 is recommended for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, also considering a broad panel to guide decisions and genetic counseling. In symptomatic metastatic patients, castration should be stared to palliate symptoms and prolong survival. In high-risk or high-volume metastatic hormone-naïve patients, castration should be combined with docetaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide or apalutamide. Radiotherapy to the primary tumor combined with systemic therapy is recommended in low-volume mHNPC patients. In patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant tumors, risk stratification can define the frequency of imaging. Adding enzalutamide, darolutamide or apalutamide to these patients prolongs metastasis-free and overall survival, but potential adverse events need to be taken into consideration. The choice of docetaxel, abiraterone or enzalutamide for treating metastatic castration-resistant patients depends on previous therapies, with cabazitaxel being also recommended after docetaxel. Olaparib is recommended in BRCA1/BRCA2 mutated castration-resistant patients after progression on at least one new hormonal therapy. Aggressive variants of prostate cancer respond to platinum-based chemotherapy. To optimize treatment efficiency, oncologists should incorporate all of these advances into an overall therapeutic strategy.

Cannabinoid Receptors: A Novel Target for Treating Prostate Cancer

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Mukhtar ◽  
Farrukh Afaq ◽  
Sami Sarfaraz
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Novel Target

scholarly journals Brown Algae Phlorotannins: A Marine Alternative to Break the Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cancer Network

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Marcelo D. Catarino ◽  
Sónia J. Amarante ◽  
Nuno Mateus ◽  
Artur M. S. Silva ◽  
Susana M. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Network

According to the WHO, cancer was responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018, making it the second global leading cause of death. The main risk factors that lead to the development of this disease include poor behavioral and dietary habits, such as tobacco use, alcohol use and lack of fruit and vegetable intake, or physical inactivity. In turn, it is well known that polyphenols are deeply implicated with the lower rates of cancer in populations that consume high levels of plant derived foods. In this field, phlorotannins have been under the spotlight in recent years since they have shown exceptional bioactive properties, with great interest for application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Among their multiple bioactive properties, phlorotannins have revealed the capacity to interfere with several biochemical mechanisms that regulate oxidative stress, inflammation and tumorigenesis, which are central aspects in the pathogenesis of cancer. This versatility and ability to act either directly or indirectly at different stages and mechanisms of cancer growth make these compounds highly appealing for the development of new therapeutical strategies to address this world scourge. The present manuscript revises relevant studies focusing the effects of phlorotannins to counteract the oxidative stress–inflammation network, emphasizing their potential for application in cancer prevention and/or treatment.

scholarly journals The Remarkable Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Extracts of the Brown Alga Cystoseira amentacea var. stricta

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Gina De La Fuente ◽  
Marco Fontana ◽  
Valentina Asnaghi ◽  
Mariachiara Chiantore ◽  
Serena Mirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
No Production ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Ligurian Sea ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
First Time

Inflammation and oxidative stress are part of the complex biological responses of body tissues to harmful stimuli. In recent years, due to the increased understanding that oxidative stress is implicated in several diseases, pharmaceutical industries have invested in the research and development of new antioxidant compounds, especially from marine environment sources. Marine seaweeds have shown the presence of many bioactive secondary metabolites, with great potentialities from both the nutraceutical and the biomedical point of view. In this study, 50%-ethanolic and DMSO extracts from the species C. amentacea var. stricta were obtained for the first time from seaweeds collected in the Ligurian Sea (north-western Mediterranean). The bioactive properties of these extracts were then investigated, in terms of quantification of specific antioxidant activities by relevant ROS scavenging spectrophotometric tests, and of anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-stimulated macrophages by evaluation of inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. The data obtained in this study demonstrate a strong anti-inflammatory effect of both C. amentacea extracts (DMSO and ethanolic). The extracts showed a very low grade of toxicity on RAW 264.7 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts and a plethora of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that were for the first time thoroughly investigated. The two extracts were able to scavenge OH and NO radicals (OH EC50 between 392 and 454 μg/mL; NO EC50 between 546 and 1293 μg/mL), to partially rescue H2O2-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages cell death, to abate intracellular ROS production in H2O2-stimulated macrophages and fibroblasts and to strongly inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory mediators, such as NO production and IL-1α, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results pave the way, for the future use of C. amentacea metabolites, as an example, as antioxidant food additives in antiaging formulations as well as in cosmetic lenitive lotions for inflamed and/or damaged skin.

556 Antagonizing microRNA mediated epigenetic reprogramming as therapeutic strategy for aggressive prostate cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
C. Dallavalle ◽  
D. Albino ◽  
G. Civenni ◽  
P. Ostano ◽  
M. Mello-Grand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Epigenetic Reprogramming ◽  
Aggressive Prostate Cancer

scholarly journals Targeting TCTP as a New Therapeutic Strategy in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2244-2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Baylot ◽  
Maria Katsogiannou ◽  
Claudia Andrieu ◽  
David Taieb ◽  
Julie Acunzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castration Resistant

Oxidative stress in broiler chicken and its consequences on meat quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 045-054
Author(s):  
Ali Hassan Nawaz ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Processing Techniques

Oxidative stress is inevitable in poultry production, and it affects the physiological, behavioral and biochemical status of growing chicken which ultimately deteriorates meat quality. Appearance, texture, juiciness, tenderness and odor are responsible for the overall meat quality as they are essential perceptible features, which determine the consumer’s judgment. Overproduction of free radicals including reactive oxygen species (ROS) disturbs the mitochondrial function in living cells. During high-temperature mitochondrial substrate oxidation and electron transport chain (ETC) activity increases. This increased activity results in excessive production of superoxide that oxidizes protein and lipid contents in muscle tissues. By oxidizing protein and lipid, ROS spoils the nutritive quality of chicken meat. High ambient temperature is one of the major contributing factors that enhance oxidative stress. Poultry feed with anti-oxidant supplementation and innovative processing techniques can help the poultry industry to overcome oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Risk-adapted approach to prostate cancer screening

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Kirichek ◽  
L. N. Lyubchenko ◽  
V. B. Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Germline Mutation ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Brca1 Brca2

Mass prostatic specific antigen (PSA) testing (population-based PSA screening) has remained controversial, nevertheless there are men cohorts likely to benefit from PSA screening. Heritable factors contribute to 60 % risk for developing familial prostate cancer. Despite the fact that its clinical application is challenging due to polygenic inheritance, advances in new generation sequencing technologies permit identifying highly penetrant germline mutations in genes BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, HOXB13 and MMR associated with tremendous increase in risk of developing the prostate cancer. Several germline mutations are associated with clinically aggressiveness of disease and shortened survival. Targeted screening that is based on family history and genomic aberrations should be the next step towards the precision medicine. Men at elevated risk should been performed for early detection are those with familiar history of prostate cancer, or BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, HOXB13 and MMR pathogenic germline mutation carriers, or first line relatives diagnosed with certain types of cancer. Systematic PSA testing in 1–2 years among germline mutation carriers men beginning at age 45 years would contribute to increase in early detection of localized prostate cancer resulting in more chance of curative treatment and improve survival rates

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