Herbal Plethora For Management Of Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Invigorating Outlook

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Yadav ◽  
Tarique Mahmood Ansari ◽  
Arshiya Shamim ◽  
Supriya Roy ◽  
Mohd Masih Uzzaman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Senior Population ◽  
Major Section

Objective: Oxidative stress, proteasomal impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates have shovelled a major section of senior population towards neurodegenerative disorders. Although age, genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a significant role, drug abuse is considered to be a potent trigger in Parkinsonism among the young generation. The present study is a critical examination on herbal resources for attenuation of neurodegeneration. Materials and Methods: The following electronic databases have been used to search for literature: MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed and EMBASE Results : Paying heed to the prevalence in neurodegenerative disorders-Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s; the current review encompasses the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration at cellular level and possible prospects to overcome the challenge sailing through the ocean of herbal boon. The United States-Alzheimer’s Association states, deaths attributable to heart disease in the country fell by 11% between 2000 and 2015, while deaths from neurodegenerative diseases increased by a staggering 123% making it, the world’s sixth leading cause of death. The irreversible pathological damage amounts to cognitive loss, dementia, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s disease (PD) Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Various herbal drugs like Brahmi, Shankhpushpi and Amla are reported to be rich in phytoconstituents like, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, fatty acids, sterols, tannins, saponins, and terpenes that have remarkable antioxidant potential and could be explored for the same to prevent neuronal necrosis. Conclusion: It is also believed that herbal medicines are more effective and less toxic than synthetic drugs.

Handbook of Electrogastrography

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Gastric Dysrhythmias ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Section ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The Handbook of Electrogastrography is the first textbook dedicated to reviewing the physiology of gastric myelectrical activity and the measurement of this electrical activity with electrodes placed on the abdominal surface - the electrogastrogram. The Handbook is divided into three major sections. The first section (Chapters 1-3) focuses on the history of electrogastrography, electrical activity of the interstitial cells of Cajal, the cells from which gastric electrical rhythmicity emanates. The cellular level of gastric electrical rhythmicity provides an understanding of the physiological basis of the electrogastrogram signal. The second major section of the book (Chapters 4-6) incorporates the practical aspects of recording a high quality electrogastrogram and approaches to the analysis of the electrogastrogram using visual inspection and computer techniques. This section focuses on the authors' combined experience of examining EGG recordings for more than sixty years. From this rich research and clinical experience, the clinical application of EGG recordings in an approach to patients with unexplained nausea and vomiting is described. Neuromuscular disorders of the stomach involving gastric dysrhythmias are reviewed. The third major section of the book (Chapters 7-9) comprises many examples of gastric dysrythmias ranging from bradygastrias to tachygastrias and mixed dysrythmias. Current understanding of the mechanisms of gastric dysrhythmias is reviewed. Artifacts in the EGG signal, which may be confused with gastric dysrhythmias, are also presented. The Handbook of Electrogastrography will be a valuable reference for physicians interested in recording gastric electrical activity in clinical practices or in clinical research. Gastroenterologists, internists, psychologists and others with an interest in gastric myoelectrical events will also find extensive and relevant information for recording and interpreting EGGs in the Handbook.

scholarly journals Nephrotoxicity of Herbal Products in Europe—A Review of an Underestimated Problem of Nephrotoxicity of Herbal Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4132
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kiliś-Pstrusińska ◽  
Anna Wiela-Hojeńska
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
The Many ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines

Currently in Europe, despite the many advances in production technology of synthetic drugs, the interest in natural herbal medicines continues to increase. One of the reasons for their popular use is the assumption that natural equals safe. However, herbal medicines contain pharmacologically active ingredients, some of which have been associated with adverse effects. Kidneys are particularly susceptible to injury induced by toxins, including poisonous constituents from medicinal plants. The most recognized herb-induced kidney injury is aristolochic acid nephropathy connected with misuse of certain Traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Data concerning nephrotoxicity of plant species of European origin are scarce. Here, we critically review significant data of the nephrotoxicity of several plants used in European phytotherapy, including Artemisia herba-alba, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Euphorbia paralias, and Aloe). Causative mechanisms and factors predisposing to intoxications from the use of herbs are discussed. The basic intention of this review is to improve pharmacovigilance of herbal medicine, especially in patients with chronic kidney diseases.

scholarly journals The Cardiometabolic Health Benefits of Sauna Exposure in Individuals with High-Stress Occupations. A Mechanistic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Kaemmer N. Henderson ◽  
Lauren G. Killen ◽  
Eric K. O’Neal ◽  
Hunter S. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
High Stress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sauna Bathing

Components of the metabolic syndrome (i.e., hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, atherosclerosis) are a leading cause of death in the United States and result in low-grade chronic inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, and the eventual development of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). High-stress occupations (HSO: firefighters, police, military personnel, first responders, etc.) increase the risk of developing CMD because they expose individuals to chronic and multiple stressors (i.e., sleep deprivation, poor nutrition habits, lack of physical activity, psychological stress). Interestingly, heat exposure and, more specifically, sauna bathing have been shown to improve multiple markers of CMD, potentially acting as hormetic stressors, at the cellular level and in the whole organism. Therefore, sauna bathing might be a practical and alternative intervention for disease prevention for individuals with HSO. The purpose of this review is to detail the mechanisms and pathways involved in the response to both acute and chronic sauna bathing and collectively present sauna bathing as a potential treatment, in addition to current standard of care, for mitigating CMD to both clinicians and individuals serving in HSO.

scholarly journals Tourism worldmaking and market post-truth: Borat’s new spirit of capitalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 146879762110199
Author(s):  
Rodanthi Tzanelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Media Markets ◽  
Spirit Of Capitalism ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Phased Development ◽  
Host Nation

The article develops a theoretical framework for the critical examination of cinematic tourist design. Considering ‘film-induced tourism’ as part of a bigger system involving the design of mobilities, it interrogates the connection between the aesthetic and ethical principles that end up informing the engineering of national hospitality in media platforms. The design, which is managed by a ‘worldmaking authority’ or network encompassing the host nation state and international tourist and media markets, conforms to the rationalised rules of what Boltanski and Chiapello termed the ‘new spirit of capitalism’, which mobilises romantic ideals of individual freedom to sell landscapes and exotic cultural characters. The phased development of such mobilities conforms to contingency and is indifferent to the welfare of particular social groups. The model is exemplified through the phased design of mobilities out of two films with virulent sexist and antisemitic content centred on the journeys of the fictional Kazakh journalist Borat to the United States.

scholarly journals The status of neurology fellowships in the United States: clinical needs, educational barriers, and future outlooks

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini Sarva ◽  
Gustavo A. Patino ◽  
Mehmood Rashid ◽  
James W. M. Owens ◽  
Matthew S. Robbins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Barriers ◽  
The Status

AbstractThe need for subspecialty-trained neurologists is growing in parallel with increasing disease burden. However, despite the immense burden of neurological diseases, like headache and neurodegenerative disorders, recruitment into these subspecialties remains insufficient in the United States. In this manuscript, a group of educators from the American Academy of Neurology’s A.B. Baker Section on Neurological Education sought to review and discuss the current landscape of neurology fellowships in the United States, the factors driving fellowship recruitment and the educational barriers. Moreover, suggestions to potentially improve recruitment for under-selected fellowships, which can contribute towards an alignment between neurological education and neurological needs, and future educational scenarios are discussed.

A comprehensive review on the medicinal importance; biological and therapeutic efficacy of Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) (bottle gourd) Standley fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zahoor ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Nausheen Nazir ◽  
Sumaira Naz ◽  
Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
High Water ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Domestic Plant ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Cucurbitaceae Family ◽  
Water Contents

: Herbal remedies have been employed for the treatment and management of different diseases for ages. Herbal medicines are a promising choice over modern synthetic drugs because of their low side effects and are thus considered safe and effective in treating human diseases. Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley fruit (Bottle gourd) belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family that has been used in a different system of traditional medication to treat various diseases. This is a domestic plant that provides food as well as medication. This vegetable has low caloric values and high water contents. The edible portion of it contains phytochemicals like vitamins, proteins, choline, minerals, terpenoids, flavonoids etc. Several bioactive compounds have been isolated from L. siceraria, including triterpenoids, sterols, cucurbitacins, flavones, C-glycosides and β-glycosides. Researchers have evaluated various parts of this plant viz., fruit, root, flowers, and leaves for pharmacological activities like antianxiety, antidepressant, diuretic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antihyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, anti-hyperglycemic, antihepatotoxic, anti-urolithiatic, antistress, antiulcer, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant. In this review, an attempt has been made to explore its phytochemical constituents, traditional, medicinal, and pharmacological uses to highlight the therapeutic importance of this well-known plant. This would be helpful in reviving its importance and highlight its several promising aspects to encourage researchers for further research on L. siceraria.

Vitamin E and CNS Hemorrhage

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1114
Author(s):  
DALE L. PHELPS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sharp Edge ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Extreme Caution

Preventing handicaps in premature infants is a pressing goal, and vitamin E has been offering some hope for the prevention of one of the most emotionally distressing sequelae, blindness. The report of Speer et al1 confirms the observation of Chiswick et al2 that vitamin E may also reduce severe CNS hemorrhage, one of the other major handicapping conditions faced by the premature infant. Naturally, we welcome this information, but in our eagerness to find a cure, we must not blunt the sharp edge of critical examination of the data. Extreme caution must be still be exercised for the following reasons: (1) some questions have been raised about the data to be examined; (2) a third study suggests the opposite result3; and (3) there are significant differences in the vitamin E formulations that were used and those available for use in the United States.

scholarly journals Molecular Sub-typing of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Drago
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Germinal Center ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Large B Cell

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in adults. Affecting nearly 7 out of every 100,000 people in the United States annually, this hematogenous neoplasm is known for its aggressiveness and rapid development. Being the most common NHL, it has been divided into several subgroups based on pathogenesis and treatment methods. In particular, subtypes such as germinal center, activated B-cell-like, and primary mediastinal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas  have been divided by their uniqueness of pathology at the cellular level. Knowing the numerous cytokines, inflammatory markers, and other microcellular processes that these lymphomas disrupt can help target an effective therapeutic at the disease.

scholarly journals Indigenous economies in the Arctic

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gladun ◽  
Soili Nysten-Haarala ◽  
Svetlana Tulaeva
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The One

There is a growing global interest in Arctic natural resources that have a strong influence on the local economies. The Arctic economy is a rather unique phenomenon encompassing Indigenous practices, local economic activities, and industrial development. Indigenous economies vary across the Arctic states and exhibit divergent economic mixtures. In globalizing societies and full market economies, traditional Indigenous economies are changing and perceived especially by the non-Indigenous to be a tribute to old customs rather than a way of life that is being followed by the young generation. However, certain groups of the contemporary Indigenous populations in the Arctic continue to preserve their culture and ensure the continuation of Indigenous ways of life. The development of Indigenous communities is closely linked to their economic well-being, on the one hand, and to their culture and traditions, on the other. Our article contributes to the discussion on the significance of Indigenous economies in providing sustainability in terms of Indigenous communities, their culture, and traditions. The research objective is to identify strategies and tools that sustain Indigenous economies as well as the goals of various stakeholders in encouraging and supporting the traditional economic activities of Indigenous peoples. We contrast three countries—Russia, Finland, and the United States (Alaska)—and discuss some governmental strategies that can be employed for preserving unique Indigenous economies. The research methods consist of a content analysis of state and regional legislation and strategies, social studies of stakeholders’ opinions, case studies describing market infrastructure, and economic activities as well as features of traditional lifestyles and Indigenous knowledge typical of these regions.

A Critical Examination of Procedures Used in Britain and the United States to Determine Creep Stresses for the Design of Power Plant for Long Life at High Temperatures

1954 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-322
Author(s):  
R. W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Thermal Action ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Working Stress ◽  
Long Time

Abstract The operating life of land power plant being far longer than allowable testing times for the constructional metals, the selection of a material, or the determination of its appropriate working stress, is dependent in an important degree upon the procedure followed in utilizing the creep-test results obtained. Different procedures practiced both in Britain and in the United States can result in different views regarding the potentialities of a material, and also about the working stress allowable. The paper examines the more commonly used procedures and focuses attention upon the factors present which would operate to introduce uncertainty and error as between the probable behavior in the long time of actual service, and as yielded by a test procedure. The principal disturbing factor in altering the resistance to creep of the material is thermal action. In some procedures, especially where the creep tests are made at working temperatures, the influence of this factor may be small or negligible in the procedure, compared with its magnitude in service. The need is emphasized for thermal action to be taken adequately into account by the test procedure. Next in importance as a possible source of error is the method of extrapolation beyond the test times to the time of the operating life. The factor of thermal action and of its representation in the several procedures examined is considered. The circumstances of extrapolation are similarly investigated, especially in regard to whether the result would overestimate or underestimate the safe working stress. Satisfying comparisons of working stresses using different procedures cannot at present be made. The position is therefore disappointing and one which it is very desirable should be rectified.

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