scholarly journals Attributes, Performance, and Gaps in Current & Emerging Breast Cancer Screening Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Hina M. Ismail ◽  
Christopher G. Pretty ◽  
Matthew K. Signal ◽  
Marcus Haggers ◽  
J. Geoffrey Chase
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Wide Range

Background:Early detection of breast cancer, combined with effective treatment, can reduce mortality. Millions of women are diagnosed with breast cancer and many die every year globally. Numerous early detection screening tests have been employed. A wide range of current breast cancer screening methods are reviewed based on a series of searchers focused on clinical testing and performance. </P><P> Discussion: The key factors evaluated centre around the trade-offs between accuracy (sensitivity and specificity), operator dependence of results, invasiveness, comfort, time required, and cost. All of these factors affect the quality of the screen, access/eligibility, and/or compliance to screening programs by eligible women. This survey article provides an overview of the working principles, benefits, limitations, performance, and cost of current breast cancer detection techniques. It is based on an extensive literature review focusing on published works reporting the main performance, cost, and comfort/compliance metrics considered.Conclusion:Due to limitations and drawbacks of existing breast cancer screening methods there is a need for better screening methods. Emerging, non-invasive methods offer promise to mitigate the issues particularly around comfort/pain and radiation dose, which would improve compliance and enable all ages to be screened regularly. However, these methods must still undergo significant validation testing to prove they can provide realistic screening alternatives to the current accepted standards.

scholarly journals A limited review of over diagnosis methods and long-term effects in breast cancer screening

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Wu ◽  
Adriana Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Probability Modeling

Breast cancer screening programs have been effective in detecting tumors prior to symptoms. Recently, there has been concern over the issue of over-diagnosis, that is, diagnosis of a breast cancer that does not manifest prior to death. Estimates for over-diagnosis vary, ranging from 7 to 52%. This variability may be due partially to issues associated with bias and/or incorrect inferences associated with the lack of probability modeling. A critical issue is how to evaluate the long-term effects due to continued screening. Participants in a periodic screening program can be classified into four mutually exclusive groups depending on whether individuals are diagnosed and whether their symptoms appear prior to death: True-earlydetection; No-early-detection; Over-diagnosis; and Not-sonecessary. All initially superficially healthy people will eventually fall into one of these four categories. This manuscript reviews the major methodologies associated with the over-diagnosis and long-term effects of breast cancer screening.

scholarly journals Breast cancer screening programmes in selected European countries and Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Adam Jasiura ◽  
Izabela Dera ◽  
Karolina Szlachcic ◽  
Mateusz Gorzel ◽  
Joanna Zmonarska
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Screening Programs

Breast neoplasms are the most common malignant tumors among women. In recent years breast cancer incidence rate has increased. Due to this fact the European Union presents evidence-based guidelines on breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Recommended and commonly used screening test is mammography. The effectiveness of prophylaxis is measured by a decrease in breast cancer mortality rate. Detailed recommendations in EU member countries differ from those presented by the EU institutions. This paper compares the screening programme in Poland to screening programmes in other EU members. The evaluation considers compliance with European screening guidelines and changes in mortality rates since the introduction of the screening programs. General guidelines in Poland are close to European ones. However, some Polish health centers still use analog mammography instead of recommended digital mammography. Furthermore, mortality rate changes in Poland maintain on a constant level due to women’s reluctant participation in screening tests.

scholarly journals A limited review of over diagnosis methods and long-term effects in breast cancer screening

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Wu ◽  
Adriana Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Probability Modeling

Breast cancer screening programs have been effective in detecting tumors prior to symptoms. Recently, there has been concern over the issue of over-diagnosis, that is, diagnosis of a breast cancer that does not manifest prior to death. Estimates for over-diagnosis vary, ranging from 7 to 52%. This variability may be due partially to issues associated with bias and/or incorrect inferences associated with the lack of probability modeling. A critical issue is how to evaluate the long-term effects due to continued screening. Participants in a periodic screening program can be classified into four mutually exclusive groups depending on whether individuals are diagnosed and whether their symptoms appear prior to death: True-earlydetection; No-early-detection; Over-diagnosis; and Not-sonecessary. All initially superficially healthy people will eventually fall into one of these four categories. This manuscript reviews the major methodologies associated with the over-diagnosis and long-term effects of breast cancer screening.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Screening Among Medical Staff in Tehran, Iran: Improvement of Early Detection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Yahyazadeh ◽  
Marzieh Beheshti ◽  
Azita Abdollahinejad ◽  
Maria Hashemian ◽  
Narges Sistany Allahabad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs

Breast cancer is the most prevalent Iranian female malignancy. Breast screening reduces the number of malignant breast diseases. We aimed to assess the results of the pilot breast cancer screening on early detection in female medical staff in Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran. A cross-sectional study. Female medical staff from Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were examined by a specialist in 2016. A checklist, including demographic data, was completed by the participants. If necessary, they referred to as sonography or mammography. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Of 746 people enrolled, 137 had no pathological point, 609 had suspicious or positive findings that were referred for further investigation, 449 had normal findings, and 7 had suspicious mass and were biopsied, 6 were benign. One case had primary invasive cancer. Since screening for breast cancer helps to early detection of this disease, the implementation of cancer screening programs should be on the priority of health authorities.

Women’s knowledge, attitudes and practice about breast cancer screening in the region of Monastir (Tunisia)

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana El Mhamdi ◽  
Ines Bouanene ◽  
Amel Mhirsi ◽  
Asma Sriha ◽  
Kamel Ben Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Screening Programs

Breast cancer remains a worldwide public health problem. In Tunisia, it is considered to be the primary women’s cancer and causes high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate female knowledge, attitudes and practice of breast cancer screening in the region of Monastir (Tunisia). We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional design exploring knowledge, attitudes and practices of women in the region of Monastir on breast cancer screening. The study was conducted in health centres of this region from 1 March 2009 to 30 June 2009. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire containing 15 items on demographic status, knowledge of risk factors and screening methods and attitudes towards the relevance and effectiveness of breast cancer screening. A scoring scheme was used to score women’s responses. A total of 900 women agreed to take part in the study. Their mean age was 41.6 ± 12.4 years and 64% did not exceed the primary level of education. According to the constructed scores, 92% of participants had poor knowledge of the specific risk factors for breast cancer and 63.2% had poor knowledge of the screening methods. Proper practice of breast cancer screening was observed in 14.3% of cases. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that good knowledge of risk factors and screening methods, higher level of education and positive family history of breast cancer were independently correlated with breast cancer screening practice. This study revealed poor knowledge of breast cancer and the screening methods as well as low levels of practice of breast cancer screening among women in the region of Monastir. Results justify educational programs to raise women’s adherence to breast cancer screening programs in Tunisia.

Breast Cancer Screening Awareness, Practice and Knowledge among Women Attending Out Patient in Tertiary Care Centre

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
A. G. Lathishna ◽  
V. Shruthi Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
The World

Background: The second most common cancer in the world among women is breast cancer. The survival rate can be increased by early detection and treatment. Objectives: To assess the knowledge about breast cancer screening methods among women attending outpatient setup. Materials and Methods: A semi structured pretested questionnaire was distributed to 200 women attending outpatient setup. The questionnaire contained information of their demographic details, questions about knowledge on symptoms, risk factors, screening methods and management outcomes of breast cancer. Results: The most marked result is that 71.5% women were aware of the fact that mammography detects breast cancer in early stages. A fair percentage of 68.3% women agreed that breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women. Conclusion: Awareness about breast cancer screening methods and treatment would enhance early detection and reduces the mortality rate.

scholarly journals Systematic reviews as a “lens of evidence”: Determinants of participation in breast cancer screening

2020 ◽  
pp. 096914132093074
Author(s):  
O Mandrik ◽  
E Tolma ◽  
N Zielonke ◽  
F Meheus ◽  
C Ordóñez-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Screening Participation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cancer Screening Participation

Objective To assess the determinants of the participation rate in breast cancer screening programs by conducting a systematic review of reviews. Methods We conducted a systematic search in PubMed via Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane identifying the literature up to April 2019. Out of 2258 revealed unique abstracts, we included 31 reviews, from which 25 were considered as systematic. We applied the Walsh & McPhee Systems Model of Clinical Preventive Care to systematize the determinants of screening participation. Results The reviews, mainly in high-income settings, reported a wide range for breast cancer screening participation rate: 16–90%. The determinants of breast cancer screening participation were simple low-cost interventions such as invitation letters, basic information on screening, multiple reminders, fixed appointments, prompts from healthcare professionals, and healthcare organizational factors (e.g. close proximity to screening facility). More complex interventions (such as face-to-face counselling or home visits), mass media or improved access to transport should not be encouraged by policy makers unless other information appears. The repeated participation in mammography screening was consistently high, above 62%. Previous positive experience with screening influenced the repeated participation in screening programs. The reviews were inconsistent in the use of terminology related to breast cancer screening participation, which may have contributed to the heterogeneity in the reported outcomes. Conclusions This study shows that consistent findings of systematic reviews bring more certainty into the conclusions on the effects of simple invitation techniques, fixed appointments and prompts, as well as healthcare organizational factors on promoting participation rate in screening mammography.

Screening Sensitivity and Sojourn Time From Breast Cancer Early Detection Clinical Trials: Mammograms and Physical Examinations

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3490-3499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shen ◽  
Marvin Zelen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Sojourn Time ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Screening Sensitivity ◽  
Screening Trials

PURPOSE: To estimate sensitivities of breast cancer screening modalities and preclinical duration of the disease from eight breast cancer screening clinical trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Screening programs invariably lead to diagnosis of disease before signs or symptoms are present. Two key quantities of screening programs are the sensitivity of the disease detection modality and the mean sojourn time (MST). The observed screening histories in a periodically screened cohort make it possible to estimate these quantities of interest. We applied recently developed statistical methods to data from eight randomized breast cancer screening trials to estimate the sensitivities of early detection modalities and MST. Moreover, when a screening trial involved two screening modalities, our methods enabled the estimation of the individual sensitivity of each screening modality. RESULTS: We analyzed breast cancer data from several screening trials and have relatively complete data from the Health Insurance Plan (HIP), Edinburgh, and two Canadian studies. The screening sensitivity for mammography, physical examination, and MST were, respectively, HIP: 0.39, 0.47, and 2.5 years; Edinburgh: 0.63, 0.40, and 4.3 years; Canadian (age 40 to 49 at entry): 0.61, 0.59, and 1.9 years; Canadian (age 50 to 59 at entry): 0.66, 0.39, and 3.1 years. CONCLUSION: The public debate on early breast cancer detection is mainly centered on mammograms. However, the current study indicates that a physical examination is of comparable importance. Cautious interpretation of trial differences is required as a result of various experimental designs and the age dependency of screening sensitivity and MST.

scholarly journals Personalized Risk Assessment for Prevention and Early Detection of Breast Cancer: Integration and Implementation (PERSPECTIVE I&I)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Brooks ◽  
Hermann H. Nabi ◽  
Irene L. Andrulis ◽  
Antonis C. Antoniou ◽  
Jocelyne Chiquette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Prevention And Early Detection ◽  
Screening And Prevention ◽  
Personalized Risk Assessment ◽  
Personalized Risk

Early detection of breast cancer through screening reduces breast cancer mortality. The benefits of screening must also be considered within the context of potential harms (e.g., false positives, overdiagnosis). Furthermore, while breast cancer risk is highly variable within the population, most screening programs use age to determine eligibility. A risk-based approach is expected to improve the benefit-harm ratio of breast cancer screening programs. The PERSPECTIVE I&I (Personalized Risk Assessment for Prevention and Early Detection of Breast Cancer: Integration and Implementation) project seeks to improve personalized risk assessment to allow for a cost-effective, population-based approach to risk-based screening and determine best practices for implementation in Canada. This commentary describes the four inter-related activities that comprise the PERSPECTIVE I&I project. 1: Identification and validation of novel moderate to high-risk susceptibility genes. 2: Improvement, validation, and adaptation of a risk prediction web-tool for the Canadian context. 3: Development and piloting of a socio-ethical framework to support implementation of risk-based breast cancer screening. 4: Economic analysis to optimize the implementation of risk-based screening. Risk-based screening and prevention is expected to benefit all women, empowering them to work with their healthcare provider to make informed decisions about screening and prevention.

scholarly journals Awareness and Knowledge of Breast Cancer Screening Methods among Women in Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Khaled A. Yaghmour ◽  
Safa J. Alamri ◽  
Rehab H. Alfaqeh ◽  
Layla M. Alnashri ◽  
Basma J. Alamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Saudi Women ◽  
Self Examination

Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women in Saudi Arabia. Screening helps in early detection and prompt treatment of breast cancer, leading to a better prognosis. Lack of knowledge and awareness of its screening methods can lead to bad outcomes. So far, little is known of women’s knowledge of breast cancer screening. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of breast cancer screening among Saudi women in Al-Qunfudah. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including 203 adult Saudi women aged 18 years and above. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from Saudi women in Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia in 2019. The data were entered and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Findings revealed that all the participants in this study heard of breast cancer, and their awareness of breast self-examination was high (93.6%). Awareness levels were lower concerning clinical breast examination (63.1%) and mammography (65.5%). However, only 43.3% correctly practiced breast self-examination, and 5.9% had ever heard of a mammogram. Knowledge of breast cancer screening with mammography screening was significantly related to participant age (P=0.04), marital status (P=0.008), and occupation (P=0.04). Furthermore, the relation between participants who underwent mammography and age was significant (P=0.001). Conclusion: Our data indicate that the knowledge, awareness, and practices were insufficient, and educational interventions are required in Al-Qunfudah to encourage young women to practice screening for early detection. 

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