Acute toxicological and histopathological elucidation of Rheum emodi rhizome extract to demonstrate antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika R ◽  
Dinesha Ramadas ◽  
Ragavan B ◽  
Sudarsanam D ◽  
Vivek HK
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Background: Rheum emodi been used traditionally to treat diabetes in India. This study was designed to elucidate the action of R. emodi (Rhizome) ethanolic extract (75%) and its isolated compounds like emodin and chrysophanol on alloxan-induced diabetic rats to check the anti-diabetic efficacy. To access acute toxicological and histopathological study to evaluate the anti-diabetic efficacy of R. emodi. Method: Experimental rats were grouped into seven and each group consisting of 6 rats. 75% ethanolic extract and its compounds emodin and chrysophanol were given for 30 days. Results: The experimental rats were sacrificed on 30 days by cervical dislocation. Parameters like renal profile and lipid parameters were determined. As well as histopathological changes in diabetic rat’s liver, kidney and pancreas were studied. The 75% ethanolic extract of R. emodi (EE-ReR) fed orally to diabetic rats, resultant in a decline in the fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, free fatty acids, creatinine, urea, and a rise in the insulin levels were observed almost normal range in the rats fed with the extract. Histopathological studies of pancreas, kidney, and liver in diabetic rats revealed that the treated group of rats showed regeneration of islets cells to almost as normal. Acute toxicological studies revealed that the extract is safe up to 2000mg/kg bw of extract feed orally. Conclusion: These findings are suggestive of a possible protective and prevent damage to the internal organs played by the R. emodi and its compounds like emodin and chrysophanol compounds and elevate insulin production during high blood glucose levels without any acute toxicologically effect.

Anti-Diabetic Potential of Murraya Koenigii (L.) and its Antioxidant Capacity in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauzul Husna ◽  
Franciscus Suyatna ◽  
Wawaimuli Arozal ◽  
Erni Poerwaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Insulin Mimetic ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels

Abstract Aim and Objective The present study aims to investigate whether the antihyperglycemic effect of Murraya koenigii is mediated by antioxidant properties and insulin mimetic effect. Methods Thirty Spraque-Dawley rats were induced hyperglycemia by streptozotocin and nicotinamide (STZ-NA). The STZ-NA diabetic rats were treated with an ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii 200 mg/kg b.w and 400 mg/kg b.w. One group was treated with glibenclamide (1 mg/kg b.w). After the administration of Murraya koenigii extract and glibenclamide for four weeks, the rats were sacrificed. Blood and organ samples were collected under a fasting condition. The body weight and blood glucose levels were measured. Hepatic enzymes were determined using a commercial kit, protein levels were estimated by Bradford’s method, and plasma insulin was assayed by an ELISA kit. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated by the TBA-Wills method and Ellman’s method, respectively. Results Ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii showed a significant reduction in blood glucose level at both doses, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. In addition, Murraya koenigii exhibited a profound antioxidant effect with decreased MDA level and increased GSH level, particularly at the 200 mg/kg b.w. and significantly decreased the HOMA-IR index. Conclusions The present study reveals that Murraya koenigii possesses antidiabetic activity and antioxidant effects on STZ-NA induced diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF PORTULACA GRANDIFLORA HOOK PLANT EXTRACT ON STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
DEVI M ◽  
KOMAL S ◽  
LOGESHWARI B
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Portulaca Grandiflora ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of the whole aerial plant of Portulaca grandiflora Hook on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Experimental diabetes was induced by a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of STZ (150 mg/kg). Adult male Wister albino rats were divided into five groups; normal control, diabetic control, diabetic glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), diabetic P. grandiflora H. extract (200 mg/kg), and diabetic P. grandiflora H. extract (400 mg/kg) for 21 days and analyzed for body weight (BW) and blood glucose. Results: The STZ-treated diabetic control rats showed a significant increase in blood glucose with a concomitant decrease in BW. Oral administration of P. grandiflora H. extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) for 21 days showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and elevation in the bodyweight studies as compared to control and glibenclamide-treated rats. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that a potent antidiabetic activity was present in the aerial part of plant P. grandiflora H. extract.

scholarly journals Effect of Anogeissus leiocarpus Guill and Perr Leaf on Hyperglycaemia and Associated Dyslipidaemia in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Uwakwe S Onoja ◽  
Cynthia C Ugwu ◽  
Philip F Uzor ◽  
Innocent E Nweze ◽  
Edwin O Omeje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Anogeissus Leiocarpus

People living with diabetes mellitus across the world are expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 and the pandemic disease is worst in the developing countries like Nigeria, where the cost of treating/managing diabetes mellitus is relatively out of the reach of many diabetic patients. The study investigated the effect of Anogeissus leiocarpus Guill and Perr ethanolic leaf extract on blood glucose and other biochemical indices in alloxan-induced diabetic adult male Wistar albino rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in overnight-fasted rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats were then treated with the extract for 14 days. Blood glucose, lipid profile and liver glycogen levels were determined. After the treatment with the extract, the fasting blood glucose levels significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in treated diabetic rats (62.2 ± 18.4 mg/dl) compared to untreated diabetic rats (73.8± 8.2 mg/dl). There was also significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the hyperlipidemic parameters. The results revealed that A. leiocarpus ethanolic extract has antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(1): 65-72, 2018 (June)

High Blood Glucose Levels Affect Auditory Brainstem Responses after Acoustic Overexposure in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jae-Hun Lee ◽  
Sang Hee Ji ◽  
Jae Yun Jung ◽  
Min Young Lee ◽  
Chi-Kyou Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Hearing Function ◽  
Brainstem Response

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and several pathological changes. DM-related hearing dysfunctions are associated with histological changes. Here, we explore hearing function and synaptic changes in the inner hair cells (IHCs) of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Methods: STZ was injected to trigger diabetes. Rats with DM were exposed to narrow-band noise (105 dB SPL) for 2 h, and hearing function was analyzed 1, 3, 7, and 14 days later. Both the hearing threshold and the peak 1 amplitude of the tone auditory brainstem response were assessed. After the last functional test, animals were sacrificed for histological evaluation. Results: We found no changes in the baseline hearing threshold; however, the peak 1 amplitude at the low frequency (4 kHz) was significantly higher in both DM groups than in the control groups. The hearing threshold had not fully recovered at 14 days after diabetic rats were exposed to noise. The peak 1 amplitude at the higher frequencies (16 and 32 kHz) was significantly larger in both DM groups than in the control groups. The histological analysis revealed that the long-term DM group had significantly more synapses in the 16 kHz region than the other groups. Conclusions: We found that high blood glucose levels increased peak 1 amplitudes without changing the hearing threshold. Diabetic rats were less resilient in threshold changes and were less vulnerable to peak 1 amplitude and synaptic damage than control animals.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of anti-diabetic action and pancreatic histopathology of rats treated with two alkaloidal plant extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1841-1846
Author(s):  
Bonagiri Sreedevi ◽  
Vijaya Kuchana ◽  
Shobharani S
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

This study aimed to understand Strychnosnuxvomica and Holarrhena pubescens Stem bark extract action towards M3 receptor in controlling blood glucose levels. Strychnos nux vomica  and Holarrhena pubescens are both alkaloidal drugs can help in controlling Hyperglycemic level. This will be useful in the formulation of a new herbal drug molecule for treating diabetes. Chloroform and ethanolic extracts of selected alkaloidal plants were extracted using the soxhlet apparatus and obtained quotes were tested for acute toxicity studies and carried out anti-diabetic action on Wister albino rats for 21 days. Results obtained from Blood glucose levels and histopathological study of test groups are compared with blood glucose levels of standard group, and highly significant action was identified by the chloroform extract of Strychnos nux vomica and Holarrhena pubescens group. Moderate anti-diabetic action was observed remaining two groups of ethanolic extracts. Strychnos nux vomica and Holarrhena pubescens ethanolic extract groups are acting on M3 receptors and controlling Hyperglycemic levels.

scholarly journals BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AND THE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY WISTAR RAT DIABETES MELLITUS UNDER THE EFFECT OF LAWSONIA INERMIS (LINN.) LEAVES ETHANOLIC EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Mutiara Indah Sari ◽  
Maya Anjelir Antika ◽  
Dwi Rita Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Glucose Levels

 Objective: Lawsonia inermis (Linn.) leaves are one of the alternative medicines to treat diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. We investigated the blood glucose level (BGL) of the L. inermis (Linn.) leaves ethanolic extract (LLEE) leaves and evaluated the histopathological alterations in diabetic rats.Methods: This study was an experimental study with posttest - only control group design. Alloxan (120 mg/kg, intraperitoneally)-induced diabetic rats. 35 of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided randomly into five groups, i.e. K: Normal control, P1: Diabetic control, and P2, P3, and P4 (200 mg/kg body weight [BW], 400 mg/kg BW, and 600 mg/kg BW of LLEE, orally) for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, the rats were sacrificed to obtain the kidney for histopathological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin technique. BGLs were conducted using a glucose meter (GlucoDR).Results: One-way ANOVA test showed that dose 400 mg/kg BW of the LLEE was related to BGL of alloxan-induced diabetic rats (p=0.000). The histopathological of kidney showed glomerular inflammation (GI), epithelial membrane lining degeneration, vascular congestion, and interstitial tubule hemorrhage at diabetic control (P1). Meanwhile, treated with 600 mg/kg BW of LLEE (P4) showed increase cellular regeneration as normal architecture of the kidney.Conclusion: The LLEE at dose 400 mg/kg BW effective decreased BGL and was able to restore the kidney destruction of alloxan-induced diabetic rats at dose 600 mg/kg BW.

Gynura divaricata Effect on Blood Glucose Levels in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Evi Sovia ◽  
Dian Anggraeny ◽  
Ris Kristiana ◽  
Firhan Hamdi Maulida ◽  
Mutia Susparini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Diabetes Mice ◽  
Before And After

Gynura divaricata (GD) also known as Dewa leaf is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants which are also native to India, Thailand and China. GD is widely used as antidiabetic, antihypertensive and other diseases including several tumors. However, research on the effects of GD as antidiabetic is still not widely practiced, especially in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of GD ethanolic extract on blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced diabetes mice. This research is an experimental research with pre- and post-test design using 24 male DDY strain mice. Animals experiment is divided into four groups, that are one normal group and three alloxan-induced diabetes mice group that give 1% CMC (control), 400[Formula: see text]mg/kg GD ethanolic extract and 0.65[Formula: see text]mg/kg glibenclamide, respectively. Treatment was given for 14 days. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after inducing alloxan, and after 14 days treatment. At the end of study, all of animals experiment were sacrificed for histological examination. Phytochemical analysis revealed that polyphenols, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, terpenoids and and quinones were present in ethanol extract of GD. The results of this study showed significant ([Formula: see text]) decrease of blood glucose levels after GD ethanolic extract and glibenclamide treatment. The results of histological examination showed improvement in pancreas damage and significant increase in the number of beta cells in GD and glibenclamide groups. The results indicate that dewa leaf ethanolic extract has antidiabetic activity and the effectiveness is the same as glibenclamide. GD also could repair damage of pancreas caused by alloxan induction.

scholarly journals Taxithelium napalense acts against free radicals and diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula ◽  
Kishore Naidu Killari ◽  
Vedula Girija Sastry ◽  
Alekhya Ketha
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Radical Scavenging Properties ◽  
Histopathological Studies

<p class="Abstract">In this work, <em>Taxithelium nepalense</em> ethanolic extract and its fractions were evaluated for the antidiabetic activity in rat based on phytochemical and free radical scavenging properties. The ethanolic extract, fraction IV and V significantly attenuated the blood glucose levels at 600, 200 and 200 mg/kg with 50.0, 33.5 and 42.0% inhibition respectively. The histopathological studies were manifesting the recuperation of damaged cells in liver and pancreas tissues. The outcomes of the present work affirm that the <em>T. nepalense</em> has a potency to plummet the overproduction of free radicals and blood glucose levels in the diabetic-induced rat.</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>1 min 50 sec   <a href="https://youtube.com/v/GUZp4QY9kCs">Full Screen</a>   <a href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=GUZp4QY9kCs">Alternate</a></p>

scholarly journals Evaluation the Effect of Vernonia amygdalina. Del Leaves Ethanol Extract on Blood Sugar and its Synergism with Glibenclamide in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Igwe K ◽  
Ikpeazu O ◽  
Otuokere I
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Glucose Levels

Antidiabetic activity of Vernonia amygdalina and its possible synergism with glibenclamide was checked. Forty eight rats were used for the research, for hypoglycermic study of V. amygdalina alone, they were grouped into five of six rats each. Group 1 was the negative control and was administered distilled water orally. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were the treatment groups which received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of the V. amygdalina extract respectively orally by intubation. Group 5 was the positive control group which received a known antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced with alloxan. For the synergism study, another 18 rats grouped into 3 of six rats each was used. Both groups of glibenclamide only and glibenclamide plus V. amygdalina extract were dosed for 14 days orally by intubation, thereafter were sacrificed and blood collected from heart for analysis. There were 5 replicates grouped by weight throughout the study and both single and synergistic studies had the same controls. Effect of V. amygdalina extract was checked on blood glucose and its possible synergism with glibenclamide. All results in treatment groups were compared with the normal control at statistical confidence of p<0.05. Result shows that V. amygdalina extract reduced blood glucose level in the test groups as dose of extract increased. Combination of V. amygdalina with glibenclamide demonstrated further deduction in blood glucose levels in the treatment rats groups. Therefore addition of V. amygdalina into glibenclamide increased efficacy in the diabetic rats. The interaction between V. amygdalina and glibenclamide in this work was additive and therefore synergistic.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF DAYAK ONION (Eleutherine palmifolia (L) MERR) TUBER ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND INSULIN LEVEL OF STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR RAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Hasni Yaturramadhan ◽  
Aminah Dalimunthe ◽  
Tri Widyawati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Reduce Blood Glucose ◽  
Decrease Blood Glucose

Objectives: The current investigation was conducted to examine the ability of ethanolic extract from onion dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) (L) (Merr) tuber to reduce blood glucose and increase insulin production in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rat. Materials and Methods: Extraction was accomplished using maceration method with 96% ethanol. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated using observation of blood glucose levels utilize glucometer (Easy Touch). Analysis of insulin plasma concentration was determined utilize the Insulin Elisa Kit (Chem Cruz). Results: The administration of dayak onion extract as a form of therapy in diabetes, although it has not been able to increase insulin levels significantly, but has shown a tendency to increase insulin levels at higher doses of 500 mg/bw. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract from dayak onion tuber exhibited activity of decrease blood glucose level and increase plasma insulin concentration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rat.  

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