scholarly journals Porosity Pattern of 3D Chitosan/Bioactive Glass Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Prepared for Bone Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Hoda G.H. Hammad ◽  
Miral Nagy F. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim: The study was conducted to investigate the obtained external and internal porosity and the pore-interconnectivity of specific fabricated bioactive composite tissue engineering scaffolds for bone regeneration in dental applications. Materials and Methods: In this study, the bioactive glass [M] was elaborated as a quaternary system to be incorporated into the chitosan [C] scaffold preparation on a magnetic stirrer to provide bioactivity and better strength properties for the attempted composite scaffolds [C/ M] of variable compositions. The homogenous chitosan/bioactive glass mix was poured into tailor-made cylindrical molds [10cm×10cm]; a freeze-dryer program was used for the creation of uniform and interconnected macropores for all prepared chitosan-based scaffolds. The morphology of fabricated chitosan [C] and chitosan-bioactive glass [C/ M] composite scaffolds was studied by a scanning electron microscope [SEM] and a mercury porosimeter. In addition, the in-vitro biodegradation rate of all elaborated scaffolds was reported after immersing the prepared scaffolds in a simulated body fluid [SBF] solution. Furthermore, for every prepared scaffold composition, characterization was performed for phase identification, microstructure, porosity, bioactivity, and mechanical properties using an X-ray diffraction analysis [XRD], an X-ray Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy [FTIR], a mercury porosimetry, a scanning electron microscopy [SEM] coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry [EDS] and a universal testing machine, respectively. Results: All the prepared porous chitosan-based composite materials showed pore sizes suitable for osteoblasts seeding, with relatively larger pore sizes for the C scaffolds. Conclusion: The smart blending of the prepared bioactive glass [M] with the chitosan matrix offered some advantages, such as the formation of an apatite layer for cell adhesion upon the scaffold surfaces, the reasonable decrease in scaffold pore size, and the relative increase in compressive strength that were enhanced by the incorporation of [M]. Therefore, the morphology, microstructure, and mechanical behavior of the elaborated stress loaded biocomposite tissue engineering scaffolds seem highly dependent on their critical contented bioactive glass.

scholarly journals Characterisation of bone regeneration in 3D printed ductile PCL/PEG/hydroxyapatite scaffolds with high ceramic microparticle concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Chuanliang Cao ◽  
Pengren Huang ◽  
Aruna Prasopthum ◽  
Andy James Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Particle Reinforced Composite ◽  
Very High

3D printed bioactive glass or bioceramic particle reinforced composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering currently suffer from low particle concentration (<50 wt%) hence low osteoconductivity. Meanwhile, composites with very high...

scholarly journals Enhanced apatite precipitation on a biopolymer-coated bioactive glass

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Araújo ◽  
M. Miola ◽  
A. Venturello ◽  
G. Baldi ◽  
J. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Organic Coating ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this work, sintered pellets of a silica-based bioactive glass were dip-coated with a biocompatible natural-derived polymer in order to investigate the influence of the organic coating on the glass bioactivity. After the sintering process optimization, uncoated and coated pellets have been characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM, EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and pH measurements, after the immersion in a simulated body fluid (SBF). An increased apatite forming ability and a better control of the pH during soaking of the samples in SBF were observed in the presence of the biopolymer. This result opens a new insight on the simple fabrication of highly bioactive hybrid inorganic-organic materials for medical applications.

Assessment of polyglycolic acid mesh and bioactive glass for soft-tissue engineering scaffolds

Biomaterials ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (27) ◽  
pp. 5857-5866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Day ◽  
Aldo R. Boccaccini ◽  
Sandra Shurey ◽  
Judith A. Roether ◽  
Alastair Forbes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Polyglycolic Acid ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Polyglycolic Acid Mesh ◽  
Soft Tissue Engineering

Preparation of Porous Multi-Channeled Chitosan Conduits for Nerve Tissue Engineering

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Ao ◽  
A.J. Wang ◽  
W.L. Cao ◽  
C. Zhao ◽  
Ya Dong Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Nerve Conduits ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
Nerve Tissue Engineering ◽  
Chitosan Gel

A new method to fabricate porous chitosan nerve conduits with multi-channels was described. A uniquely designed mold was composed of 7-50 stainless steel needles and a set of plastic pedestals. Porous or imperforate chitosan tubes with 2-5mm inner diameter and 0.2-1.0 mm wall thickness were made firstly. The chitosan tubes were injected with 3% chitosan gel. The stainless steel needles longitudinally perforated through the chitosan tubes filled with chitosan gel, and the plastic pedestals were used to fix the needles. Lyophilization was used to finish fabrication. The diameter of channels was 0.2-0.4mm. Swelling property and biodegradability of Multi-channeled chitosan conduits were investigated. Wright’s staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe spread and proliferation of Neuroblastoma cells (N2A, mouse) on the conduits. It is promising that the porous chitosan nerve conduits with multi-channels are used as nerve tissue engineering scaffolds in repair of peripheral nerve and spinal cord injuries.

Mineralized Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering

2018 ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds

The limitation of orthopedic fractures and large bone defects treatments has brought the focus on fabricating bone grafts that could enhance ostegenesis and vascularization in-vitro. Developing biomimetic materials such as mineralized nanofibers that can provide three-dimensional templates of the natural bone extracellular-matrix is one of the most promising alternative for bone regeneration. Understanding the interactions between the structure of the scaffolds and cells and therefore the control cellular pathways are critical for developing functional bone grafts. In order to enhance bone regeneration, the engineered scaffold needs to mimic the characteristics of composite bone ECM. This chapter reviews the fabrication of and fabrication techniques for fabricating biomimetic bone tissue engineering scaffolds. In addition, the chapter covers design criteria for developing the scaffolds and examples of enhanced osteogenic differentiation outcomes by fabricating biomimetic scaffolds.

scholarly journals Development of 3D Bioactive Nanocomposite Scaffolds Made from Gelatin and Nano Bioactive Glass for Biomedical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 096369351001900 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mozafari ◽  
F. Moztarzadeh ◽  
M. Rabiee ◽  
M. Azami ◽  
N. Nezafati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nanocomposite Scaffold ◽  
Nanocomposite Scaffolds ◽  
First Time

In this research, macroporous, mechanically competent and bioactive nanocomposite scaffolds have been fabricated from cross-linked gelatine (Gel) and nano bioactive glass (nBG) through layer solvent casting combined with freeze-drying and lamination techniques. This study has developed a new composition to produce a new bioactive nanocomposite which is porous with interconnected microstructure, pore sizes are 200-500 μm, porosity are 72%-86%. Also, we have reported formation of chemical bonds between nBG and Gel for the first time. Finally, the in vitro cytocompatability of the scaffolds was assessed using MTT assay and cell attachment study. Results indicated no sign of toxicity and cells found to be attached to the pore walls offered by the scaffolds. These results suggested that the developed nanocomposite scaffold possess the prerequisites for bone tissue engineering scaffolds and it can be used for tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Effect of Melt-Derived Bioactive Glass Particles on the Properties of Chitosan Scaffolds

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamasa Faqhiri ◽  
Markus Hannula ◽  
Minna Kellomäki ◽  
Maria Teresa Calejo ◽  
Jonathan Massera
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Glass Content ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Glass Composite ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Bioactive Glasses

This study reports on the processing of three-dimensional (3D) chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds. On the one hand, chitosan, as a natural polymer, has suitable properties for tissue engineering applications but lacks bioactivity. On the other hand, bioactive glasses are known to be bioactive and to promote a higher level of bone formation than any other biomaterial type. However, bioactive glasses are hard, brittle, and cannot be shaped easily. Therefore, in the past years, researchers have focused on the processing of new composites. Difficulties in reaching composite materials made of polymer (synthetic or natural) and bioactive glass include: (i) The high glass density, often resulting in glass segregation, and (ii) the fast bioactive glass reaction when exposed to moisture, leading to changes in the glass reactivity and/or change in the polymeric matrix. Samples were prepared with 5, 15, and 30 wt% of bioactive glass S53P4 (BonAlive ®), as confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis. MicrO–Computed tomography and optical microscopy revealed a flaky structure with porosity over 80%. The pore size decreased when increasing the glass content up to 15 wt%, but increased back when the glass content was 30 wt%. Similarly, the mechanical properties (in compression) of the scaffolds increased for glass content up to 15%, but decreased at higher loading. Ions released from the scaffolds were found to lead to precipitation of a calcium phosphate reactive layer at the scaffold surface. This is a first indication of the potential bioactivity of these materials. Overall, chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds were successfully produced with pore size, machinability, and ability to promote a calcium phosphate layer, showing promise for bone tissue engineering and the mechanical properties can justify their use in non-load bearing applications.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Sol-Gel and Coprecipitation Routes on the Properties and Behavior of Nanocomposite Chitosan-Bioactive Glass Membranes for Bone Tissue Engineering

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke M. F. Lemos ◽  
Sandhra M. Carvalho ◽  
Patrícia S. O. Patrício ◽  
Claudio L. Donnici ◽  
Marivalda M. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Maximum Tensile Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nanoparticle Dispersion

Recent studies in tissue engineering have highlighted the importance of the development of composite materials based on biodegradable polymers containing bioactive glasses, in particular, composites for high load support and excellent cell viability for potential application in bone regeneration. In this work, hybrid composite films were obtained by combining chitosan with bioactive glass in solution form and in nanoparticle dispersion form obtained by the two different synthesis routes: the sol-gel method and coprecipitation. The bioactive glass served both as a mechanical reinforcing agent and as a triggering agent with high bioactivity. The results ofin vitroassays with simulated body fluid demonstrated the formation of a significant layer of fibrils on the surface of the film, with a typical morphology of carbonated hydroxyapatite, reflecting induction of a favorable bioactivity. Maximum tensile stress increased from 42 to 80 MPa to the sample with 5% wt bioactive glass. In addition, samples containing 5% and 10% wt bioactive glass showed a significant increase in cell viability, 18 and 30% increase compared to the control group. The samples showed significant response, indicating that they could be a potential material for use in bone regeneration through tissue engineering.

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