scholarly journals Biofilm Formation and Detection of icaD Gene in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
Samjhana Karki ◽  
Anil K. Sah ◽  
Jayram Lamichhane ◽  
Anjali Maharjan ◽  
Laxmi Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Icad Gene ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: S. aureus is found to be a major source of community as well as hospital acquired infections. The increase in antimicrobial resistance and emergence of multidrug resistance has become a big threat worldwide. The biofilm formation of S. aureus influenced the survival and persistence in both environment and host. Aim: The study was conducted with the aim to evaluate in-vitro biofilm formation and the presence of icaD gene in S. aureus from clinical isolates of S. aureus. Methods: A total of 570 wound/pus samples were processed by standard microbiological techniques. Colony morphology, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests were used for the identification of S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique and methicillin-resistant S. aureus was detected by using cefoxitin antibiotics. The production of biofilm was screened by Congo Red Agar and finally, the presence of icaD gene was determined by PCR. Results: Out of 570 samples, a total 19.3% (110/570) samples showed the growth of S. aureus. Among which 59.1% (65/110) were multi-drug resistant. Similarly, 26.4% (29/110) isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Among MRSA isolates 93.1% (27/29) were MDR with more than 3 classes of antibiotics. Biofilm production was shown by 95.45% (105/110) and 77.3% (85/110) isolates on Congo Red Agar and presence of icaD gene respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the significant association was observed in phenotypic production of biofilm and the presence of icaD gene for the genotypic expression of biofilm. There were also increasing rates of MRSA and multidrug resistance S. aureus.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION AND DETECTION OF BIOFILM PRODUCING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ITS ANTIBIOGRAM ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
SAPANA SHARMA ◽  
UPASHANA BHANDARI ◽  
YOGESH OLI ◽  
GANESH BHANDARI ◽  
SUNITA BISTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Almost All

Objectives: The main aim of this work is to determine the antibiogram profile of biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus from various clinical specimens of the patients. Methods: Various bacterial cultures of non-repeated clinical specimens from a total of 3388 patients were determined using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Results: Out of 3388 only 604 (17.02%) displayed growth positive. A total of 65 (51.58%) S. aureus isolates were recovered, 25 (38.46%) were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) by Cefoxitin (30 μg) disk diffusion technique, of which majority were from pus/wound swab 22 (37.29%). The antibiogram of the isolates was analyzed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique analyzing Linezolid to be the most effective drug with susceptibility of 100% to both MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, followed by vancomycin, tigecycline, and tetracycline. In vitro biofilm production by tissue culture plate (TCP) and Congo red agar method detected 52 (80%) and 25 (38.46%) as biofilm producers, respectively. TCP identified 2 (3.07%), 7 (10.76%), and 44 (67.69%) as strongly, moderately, and weakly adherent. About 30.7% of MRSA obtained were positive biofilm producers. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of Oxacillin for S. aureus by agar dilution method ranged from 0.025 μg/mL to 128 μg/mL. Conclusion: This study shows that biofilm production was more in methicillin-resistant strains and displayed a high degree of resistance to almost all groups of antibiotics.

scholarly journals In Vitro Killing of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Drug Combinations

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 4016-4019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Shelburne ◽  
Daniel M. Musher ◽  
Kristina Hulten ◽  
Heather Ceasar ◽  
Michael Y. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Common Drug ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACT This study employs time-kill techniques to examine the most common drug combinations used in the therapy of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, vancomycin plus either gentamicin or rifampin. Community-associated MRSA were more likely to be synergistically inhibited by combinations of vancomycin and gentamicin versus vancomycin alone compared to inhibition associated with hospital-acquired strains.

scholarly journals Correlation of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance among clinical and soil isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iraq

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pakhshan A. Hassan ◽  
Adel K. Khider
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that is reported as a major cause of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm formation by A. baumannii clinical and soil isolates, to display their susceptibility to 11 antibiotics and to study a possible relationship between formation of biofilm and multidrug resistance. During 8 months period, from June 2016 to January 2017, a total of 52 clinical and 22 soil isolates of A. baumannii were collected and identified through conventional phenotypic, chromo agar, biochemical tests, API 20E system, and confirmed genotypically by PCR for blaOXA-51-like gene. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined by standard disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. The biofilm formation was studied using Congo red agar, test tube, and microtiter plate methods. The clinical isolates were 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, 96.15% to gentamicin, 96.15% to imipenem, 92.31% to meropenem, and 78.85% to amikacin. The soil A. baumannii isolates were 100% sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, and gentamicin, and 90.1% to ciprofloxacin. All A. baumannii isolates (clinical and soil) were susceptible to polymyxin B. The percentage of biofilm formation in Congo red agar, test tube, and microtiter plate assays was 10.81%, 63.51%, and 86.48%, respectively. More robust biofilm former population was mainly among non-MDR isolates. Isolates with a higher level of resistance tended to form weaker biofilms. The soil isolates exhibited less resistance to antibiotics than clinical isolates. However, the soil isolates produce stronger biofilms than clinical isolates.

Effect of vancomycin-coated tympanostomy tubes on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation: in vitro study

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
C H Jang ◽  
H Park ◽  
Y B Cho ◽  
C H Choi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Silver Oxide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Tympanostomy Tube ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Tympanostomy Tubes

AbstractBackground and objective:Bacterial biofilm formation has been implicated in the high incidence of persistent otorrhoea after tympanostomy tube insertion. It has been suggested that the tube material may be an important factor in the persistence of such otorrhoea. Development of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus otorrhoea after tympanostomy tube placement is a growing concern. We evaluated the effect of using vancomycin and chitosan coated tympanostomy tubes on the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in vitro.Materials and methods:Three sets each of vancomycin-coated silicone tubes (n = 5), commercial silver oxide coated silicone tubes (n = 5) and uncoated tympanostomy tubes (as controls; n = 5) were compared as regards resistance to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation after in vitro incubation.Results:Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surfaces of the silver oxide coated tubes supported the formation of thick biofilms with crusts, comparable to the appearance of the uncoated tubes. In contrast, the surface of the vancomycin-coated tympanostomy tubes was virtually devoid of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm.Conclusion:Vancomycin-coated tympanostomy tubes resist methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Pending further study, such tubes show promise in assisting the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibiotics Active against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Based on Activity in an Established Biofilm

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 5688-5694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Meeker ◽  
Karen E. Beenken ◽  
Weston B. Mills ◽  
Allister J. Loughran ◽  
Horace J. Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Comparable Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Delivery

ABSTRACTWe usedin vitroandin vivomodels of catheter-associated biofilm formation to compare the relative activity of antibiotics effective against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in the specific context of an established biofilm. The results demonstrated that, underin vitroconditions, daptomycin and ceftaroline exhibited comparable activity relative to each other and greater activity than vancomycin, telavancin, oritavancin, dalbavancin, or tigecycline. This was true when assessed using established biofilms formed by the USA300 methicillin-resistant strain LAC and the USA200 methicillin-sensitive strain UAMS-1. Oxacillin exhibited greater activity against UAMS-1 than LAC, as would be expected, since LAC is an MRSA strain. However, the activity of oxacillin was less than that of daptomycin and ceftaroline even against UAMS-1. Among the lipoglycopeptides, telavancin exhibited the greatest overall activity. Specifically, telavancin exhibited greater activity than oritavancin or dalbavancin when tested against biofilms formed by LAC and was the only lipoglycopeptide capable of reducing the number of viable bacteria below the limit of detection. With biofilms formed by UAMS-1, telavancin and dalbavancin exhibited comparable activity relative to each other and greater activity than oritavancin. Importantly, ceftaroline was the only antibiotic that exhibited greater activity than vancomycin when testedin vivoin a murine model of catheter-associated biofilm formation. These results emphasize the need to consider antibiotics other than vancomycin, most notably, ceftaroline, for the treatment of biofilm-associatedS. aureusinfections, including by the matrix-based antibiotic delivery methods often employed for local antibiotic delivery in the treatment of these infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence and susceptibility pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Kashmir

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431
Author(s):  
S Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Research

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug resistant organism that threatens the effectiveness of antibiotics worldwide and is a threat in hospitals and long-term care settings. Aims: To determine the proportion of MRSA strains and their in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns against various antibiotics. Material and Methods: Different clinical specimens (n= 679) received at Al-Haram Diagnostic, Research and Training Center, Kashmir during a two year period commencing January, 2009 to December, 2010 were cultured, the isolates identified using standard microbiological techniques and their antibiotic susceptibilities determined. Results: Of the 679 specimens, Staphylococcus. aureus was isolated in 127 and 32 (25.2%) of these 127 were found be MRSA. No significant association with age or sex were observed in the MRSA positive specimens. MRSA were mainly isolated from burns, and skin and superficial soft tissue infections. MRSA isolates were found to be 100% sensitive to Vancomycin and 94%, 87%, 81%, 78% and 75% of isolates were resistant to Gentamycin, Tetracycline, Clindamycin, Erythromycin and Co-trimoxazole respectively. Conclusions: The relatively high proportion of MRSA and the associated antibiotic resistance seen in this study emphasizes the need for local or country based surveillance to characterize and monitor MRSA and to develop strategies that will improve MRSA treatment and control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i4.16663 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 04 October ’13 Page 427-431

scholarly journals The Correlation between icaA and icaD Genes with Biofilm Formation Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Dian Rachmawati ◽  
Kuntaman Kuntaman ◽  
Lindawati Alimsardjono
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Icad Gene ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Icaa Gene

This study was conducted to identify the presence of icaA and icaD genes in S. epidermidis and to analyze the relationship between the presence of icaA and icaD genes with the ability of in vitro biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. S. epidermidis isolates from patients and healthy people were collected and PCR was examined to detect icaA and icaD genes. which then continued to examine the ability of biofilm formation by the method of Congo Red Agar. The results of this genotypic and phenotypic examination were then tested for correlation with statistical tests using SPSS 23.0. A total of 40 S. epidermidis isolates were collected, consisting of 20 clinical isolates and 20 isolates of normal flora. The icaA gene was positive in 5 isolates (12.5%), and 8 isolates (20%) were positive for the icaD gene, 3 isolates with icaA and icaD were both positive. One hundred percent of isolates with icaA or icaD positively formed biofilms, but there were 15 isolates (42.9%) who did not have the icaA gene but showed the ability to form biofilms, while 12 isolates (37.5%) who did not have the icaD gene also formed biofilms. Fifty percent of S. epidermidis isolates showed the ability to form biofilms at CRA. The Fisher Exact test showed a significant relationship between the icaA gene and the ability of biofilm formation (p=0.047 (p<0.05)) as well as the icaD gene (p=0.03 (p<0.05)). The icaA and icaD genes have a significant relationship to biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. There was another mechanism in the formation of biofilms that are not dependent on the ica gene.

scholarly journals The Correlation between icaA and icaD Genes with Biofilm Formation Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Dian Rachmawati ◽  
Kuntaman Kuntaman ◽  
Lindawati Alimsardjono
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Icad Gene ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Icaa Gene

This study was conducted to identify the presence of icaA and icaD genes in S. epidermidis and to analyze the relationship between the presence of icaA and icaD genes with the ability of in vitro biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. S. epidermidis isolates from patients and healthy people were collected and PCR was examined to detect icaA and icaD genes. which then continued to examine the ability of biofilm formation by the method of Congo Red Agar. The results of this genotypic and phenotypic examination were then tested for correlation with statistical tests using SPSS 23.0. A total of 40 S. epidermidis isolates were collected, consisting of 20 clinical isolates and 20 isolates of normal flora. The icaA gene was positive in 5 isolates (12.5%), and 8 isolates (20%) were positive for the icaD gene, 3 isolates with icaA and icaD were both positive. One hundred percent of isolates with icaA or icaD positively formed biofilms, but there were 15 isolates (42.9%) who did not have the icaA gene but showed the ability to form biofilms, while 12 isolates (37.5%) who did not have the icaD gene also formed biofilms. Fifty percent of S. epidermidis isolates showed the ability to form biofilms at CRA. The Fisher Exact test showed a significant relationship between the icaA gene and the ability of biofilm formation (p=0.047 (p<0.05)) as well as the icaD gene (p=0.03 (p<0.05)). The icaA and icaD genes have a significant relationship to biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. There was another mechanism in the formation of biofilms that are not dependent on the ica gene.

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