scholarly journals Antioxidant Function and Health Implications of Vitamin E

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Kuang Chow ◽  
Hannah S Chow-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Antioxidant Function ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
High Doses

Superoxide, a key precursor of important reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), may release iron from its protein complex. By mediating the generation and/level of superoxide, vitamin E, the most important fat-soluble anti-oxidant and free radical scavenger, may exert its antioxidant function by limiting the formation of reactive hydroxyl radi-cals and peroxynitrite. The antioxidant function of vitamin E is augmented by GSH peroxidase and related metabolic sys-tems which respond adaptively and compensatively to oxidative stress. By mediating the levels of ROS/RNS, vitamin E may also modulate the activation and/or expression of redox-sensitive biological response modifiers, and thereby attenu-ate the cellular events leading to the onset and development of aging and other degenerative disorders. Earlier epidemiol-ogical data and retrospective studies show an association between increased intake of vitamin E and reduced risk of car-diovascular disease, cancer, and other disorders. However, subsequent prospective randomized placebo-controlled studies and interventional trials have provided inconsistent findings. Data available from recent large-scale interventional trials suggest that vitamin E supplements at high doses are not beneficial.

scholarly journals Betanin: a promising molecule for biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5392-5399
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Natural Colorant ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Plants with medicinal properties possess beneficial influences on health and disease. Different plant parts and extracts carry valuable active ingredients with pharmacological properties that lead to developing new drugs. Terminalia bellirica is among those plants that have been formulated as pharmaceutical products. This is attributed to its biologically active phenolics and tannins exhibiting analgesic, anti-hypertensive, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, as well as, other pharmacological properties. Beetroot has been shown to be rich in nitrates with a positive impact on the cardiovascular system. Beetroot contains a number of useful ingredients as the free-radical scavenger ascorbic acid, the anti-inflammatory flavonoids and the anti-oxidant carotenoids. Moreover, beetroot is rich in the natural colorant betalains that are further classified into betacyanins and betaxanthins. Betanin, is one of the major constituents of beetroots that have been postulated to possess significant beneficial therapeutic effects in a number of conditions and diseases. However, several studies have demonstrated the relatively poor bioavailability of betanin upon oral administration. In the current review we aim to highlight some of the latest researches dealing with the therapeutic properties of betanin in different disease conditions, the possible mechanistic pathways beyond such beneficial effects and plausible strategies capable of enhancing its stability and bioavailability.

Vitamin E Does Not Reduce Cardiomyopathy In Doxorubicin treated Rats

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4944-4944
Author(s):  
Jhon A Guerra ◽  
Maribel Torres-Serrant ◽  
Pedro J Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Doxorubicin Treatment ◽  
Doxorubicin Group

Abstract Abstract 4944 Introduction: The clinical efficacy of doxorubicin is severely limited by its cardiotoxicity. Antioxidants represent the largest class of chemicals examined as potential protective agents and for which there is continuing interest. Dexrazoxane is the current agent used for the control of doxorubicin related cardiotoxicity. However, in large trials the incidence was reduced only by 50% (1). Vitamin E, a known antioxidant and free radical scavenger agent, has been evaluated in the past as a cardio protective drug in animal models receiving doxorubicin but contradictory conclusions regarding this effect have been reported (2, 3). We hypothesized whether Vitamin E has an effect in cardioprotection in rats receiving doxorubicin. Design and Methods: Three groups of 6 Rats each were used for the experiment. Group 1 received doxorubicin 1.5mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP) weekly for 9 weeks for a total cumulative dose of 13.5mg/kg. Group 2 received Vitamin E 100 IU/kg/weekly by IP injection, 48 hours prior to the doxorubicin. Group 3 received 0.5 cc of saline solution 0.9% IP weekly for 9 weeks as control group. Functional parameters including plasmatic nitric oxide (NO) levels and cardiac ejection fraction (EF) were determined on each group at the end of the experiment. Results: Doxorubicin treatment significantly increased plasmatic NO concentration when compared with controls (35.30 ± 5.63 mM vs. 14.72 ± 2.66 mM, n=6, P=0.016); however, in the group of rats receiving Vitamin E prior to doxorubicin, NO did not have a significant decrease (from 35.30 ± 5.63 mM to 31.77± 8.91 mM n=6, P=0.75). Regarding EF, doxorubicin treatment decreased EF significantly when compared with saline controls rats (59 ± 5.61% vs. 77 ± 3.89 %, n=6, P<0.05); however, in the group of rats receiving Vitamin E prior to doxorubicin, EF did not have a significant improvement (from 59 ± 5.61% to 69.17 ± 4.4, n=6, P=0.24). Conclusion: These results suggest that Vitamin E does not prevent or reduce cardiac injury in rats treated with doxorubicin. Different alternatives including other antioxidants could be explored in an attempt to decrease cardiotoxicity produced by doxorubicin and to improve the effect of the standard cardioprotective agent used Dexrazoxane. Further studies are necessary. References: 1. Swain SM. Adult multicenter trials using dexrazoxane to protect against cardiac toxicity. Semin Onco 1998; 25 (4 Suppl 10):43-7 2. Breed JG, Zimmerman AN, Dormans JA, Pinedo HM. Failure of the antioxidant vitamin E to protect against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in the rabbit. Cancer Res 1980; 40:2033-8 3. Myers CE, McGuire W, Young R. Adriamycin: amelioration of toxicity by alpha-tocopherol. Cancer Treat Rep 1976; 60:961-2 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Phase II trial of tirilazad in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 786-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Clarke Haley ◽  
Neal F. Kassell ◽  
Wayne M. Alves ◽  
Bryce K. A. Weir ◽  
Carolyn Apperson Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Dose Escalation Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Tirilazad Mesylate

✓ Tirilazad mesylate, a 21-aminosteroid free-radical scavenger, has been shown to ameliorate cerebral vasospasm and reduce infarct size in animal models of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and focal cerebral ischemia. In preparation for performing large-scale clinical trials in humans with aneurysmal SAH, the safety of varying doses of tirilazad was tested in a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, sequential dose-escalation study at 12 Canadian neurosurgical centers. Two hundred forty-five patients with an aneurysmal SAH documented by angiography were enrolled in the study sequentially within 72 hours of hemorrhage. The patients were assigned to one of three dosage tiers: receiving 0.6 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, or 6 mg/kg tirilazad or vehicle per day intravenously in divided doses through Day 10 following the SAH. All patients also received oral nimodipine. No serious side effects of tirilazad treatment were identified at any of the three doses, despite close monitoring of hepatic and cardiac toxicity. A trend toward improvement in overall 3-month patient outcome was seen in the 2 mg/kg per day tirilazad-treated group compared to the outcomes in the vehicle-treated groups. We conclude that tirilazad mesylate is safe in SAH patients at doses up to 6 mg/kg per day for up to 10 days and is a promising drug for the treatment of patients with aneurysmal SAH.

scholarly journals DPPH FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOID FROM THE LEAVES OF FERN Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Suyatno Suyatno ◽  
Noor Cholies Zaini ◽  
Motoo Tori
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger Activity ◽  
Scavenger Activity

A flavonoid compound in flavonol type namely kaemferol was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of the fern Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt's leaves. The DPPH free radical scavenger activity of kaemferol was stronger than buthyl hyroxy toluene (BHT) but it was weaker than ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and -tocopherol (vitamin E).   Keywords: Chingia sakayensis, kaemferol, DPPH free radical scavenger activity  

scholarly journals Hydroxy-Tyrosol as a Free Radical Scavenging Molecule in Polymeric Hydrogels Subjected to Gamma-Ray Irradiation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Mauro Fiorini ◽  
Veronica Crognaletti ◽  
Omar Sabry ◽  
Lorenzo Scalise ◽  
Paolo Fattori
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels

Biomedical engineering is employing hydrogels with increasingly exciting possibilities for the treatment and regeneration of pathologically altered, degenerated, or traumatized tissues. Still, the sterilization processes may undesirably change the chemical and physical properties of hydrogels through cross-linking reactions. This work aims to characterize a new method of producing polyethylene oxide (PEO) hydrogels exploiting hydroxy-tyrosol (HT), an anti-oxidant molecule derived from olive leaf and olive oil, as a free radical scavenger to either prevent or limit gamma-ray-induced cross-linking. For this purpose, we produced hydrogels with PEO with two different buffer solutions (phosphate and citrate), varying HT concentration. We analyzed hydrogel preparations before and after gamma-ray irradiation, assessing the viscosity through rheological analysis and the chemical changes through IR analysis. We performed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to measure residual HT in hydrogels after irradiation. The obtained results show that radiation-induced cross-linking and increase in viscosity of PEO hydrogels can be prevented by tailoring the concentration of HT as a free radical scavenging agent. Irradiation only consumes small amounts of HT; its presence in polymeric hydrogels can significantly impact biomedical applications by its anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities.

scholarly journals Vitamin E Prevents Cold Wrap Restraint Stress-Induced Intestinal Fluid Transport Alterations in Rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Burdick ◽  
Ningren Cui ◽  
Lonnie R Empey ◽  
Richard N Fedorak
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Absorption

Psychological stress may alter gastrointestinal absorptive function by increasing the quantity of intestinal free radicals or by lowering endogenous intestinal free radical scavenging capacity. Vitamin E has been shown to be a potent endogenous antioxidant and free radical scavenger under both physiological and pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cold wrap restraint stress altered in vivo intestinal fluid absorption in rats, and whether vitamin E administration prior to the induction of cold wrap restraint stress could prevent such changes in intestinal secretion. Jejunal, ileal and colonic fluid and electrolyte transport rates were measured in vivo using an isolated loop technique. Cold wrap restraint stress reduced in vivo fluid absorption in the ileum and colon, but not in the jejunum. Administration of vitamin E prior to the cold wrap restraint stress procedure completely prevented this alteration of ileal and colonic fluid absorption.

scholarly journals RNAi-mediated knockdown of MTNR1B without disrupting the effects of melatonin on apoptosis and cell cycle in bovine granulose cells

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenju Liu ◽  
Shujuan Wang ◽  
Jinxing Zhou ◽  
Xunsheng Pang ◽  
Like Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Granulose Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways

Melatonin is well known as a powerful free radical scavenger and exhibits the ability to prevent cell apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the role of melatonin and its receptor MTNR1B in regulating the function of bovine granulosa cells (GCs) and hypothesized the involvement of MTNR1B in mediating the effect of melatonin on GCs. Our results showed that MTNR1B knockdown significantly promoted GCs apoptosis but did not affect the cell cycle. These results were further verified by increasing the expression of pro-apoptosis genes (BAX and CASP3), decreasing expression of the anti-apoptosis genes (BCL2 and BCL-XL) and anti-oxidant genes (SOD1 and GPX4) without affecting cell cycle factors (CCND1, CCNE1 and CDKN1A) and TP53. In addition, MTNR1B knockdown did not disrupt the effects of melatonin in suppressing the GCs apoptosis or blocking the cell cycle. Moreover, MTNR1B knockdown did not affect the role of melatonin in increasing BCL2, BCL-XL, and CDKN1A expression, or decreasing BAX, CASP3, TP53, CCND1 and CCNE1 expression. The expression of MTNR1A was upregulated after MTNR1B knockdown, and melatonin promoted MTNR1A expression with or without MTNR1B knockdown. However, despite melatonin supplementation, the expression of SOD1 and GPX4 was still suppressed after MTNR1B knockdown. In conclusion, these findings indicate that melatonin and MTNR1B are involved in BCL2 family and CASP3-dependent apoptotic pathways in bovine GCs. MTNR1A and MTNR1B may coordinate the work of medicating the appropriate melatonin responses to GCs.

scholarly journals Safranal Effect against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Munaf Hashim Zalzala ◽  
Victoria S. Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Group Treatment ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Radical Scavenger Activity ◽  
Scavenger Activity ◽  
Anti Oxidant

The liver is the primary organ for drug metabolism, elimination, Cyclophosphamid is the classical alkylating agent nitrogen mustard, its metabolism into two cytotoxic metabolites, and increase reactive oxygen species that is make liver toxicity. Safranal as the most abundant chemical in saffron essential oil, it have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptic and free radical scavenger activity. The aim of study is to assess the protective effects of safranal on the cyclophosphamide-induce liver toxicity in rat model. This occur by using five different groups of rats; control group, treatment group, cyclophosamide group (intraperitoneal i.p), cyclophosamide and (50mg and 100mg) oral safranal treatment groups. This study showed this protective by decreasing liver parameter enzyme (aminotransferase enzyme) and MDA level, increases glutathione and NRF2

Protective effect of vitamin E and epicatechin against nicotine-induced oxidative stress in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman L Al-Malki ◽  
Said S Moselhy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Chemopreventive Activity

Nicotine is a major pharmacologically active and addictive component of tobacco smoke, which is regarded to be a primary risk factor in the development of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Epicatechin is one of the most potent antioxidants present in the human diet. Particularly high levels of this compound are found in tea, apples and chocolate. It has been reported that tea extracts and/or its constituents have antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidative, antitumor and antimutagenic activities. Vitamin E is a major lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin and free radical scavenger, presents as an integral component of cellular membranes and has important biological functions. The primary mechanism by which vitamin E is proposed to prevent cancer is through their antioxidant properties. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of epicatechin alone or combined with vitamin E in inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by nicotine in rats. Results obtained indicated that there was a significant elevation in the levels of malondialdhyde (MDA) in nicotine injected rats. The combined treatment (epicatechin + Vit E) group showed a potential reduction of these parameters more than individual treatment. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were found significantly higher in combined treated than untreated rats. In nicotine group, a negative significant correlation between reduced glutathione and MDA ( r = −0.92) was observed. In conclusion, these results suggested that the supplementation of diet with epicatechin and vitamin E provided antioxidant defense with strong chemopreventive activity against nicotine-induced carcinogenesis.

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