scholarly journals Almonds and Walnuts Consumption Modifies PUFAs Profiles and Improves Metabolic Inflammation Beyond the Impact on Anthropometric Measure

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Mónica I. Cardona-Alvarado ◽  
Francisco J. Ortega ◽  
Enrique Ramírez-Chávez ◽  
María E. Tejero ◽  
Jorge Molina-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation ◽  
The Impact

Purpose:To evaluate changes in serum fatty acids, metabolic profile and inflammation markers after a dietary intervention of 15g of walnuts and 15g of almonds for 8 weeks in obese subjects,Patients and Methods:We studied a total of 48 sedentary obese grade I subjects (13 men and 35 women). Anthropometric measures, body composition, serum glucose, lipid profile, insulin, lipocalina-2, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), adiponectin, and fatty acids profile were analyzed at the baseline and after dietary intervention.Results:The adiponectin (30.4%, p = 0.007), and lipocalin-2 concentrations (17.9%, p = 0.014), and total Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) percentage (1.6% p = 0.040) significantly increased after the intervention; particularly the eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid percentages were increased marginally. A significant decrease in saturated fatty acids levels (3%, p = 0.001), in particular the C:14, C:16, in total cholesterol (6.7%, p = 0.01), LDL (11.4%, p = 0.002) levels, and in all adiposity measures (weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI and fat mass, p < 0.0001) was found. The effect size was large for all adiposity measures, except for BMI as well as for adiponectin which was moderate.Conclusion:The intake of almonds and walnuts to short-time may improve significantly the metabolic profile and decrease adiposity.

scholarly journals Differential Deleterious Impact of Highly Saturated Versus Monounsaturated Fat Intake on Vascular Function, Structure, and Mechanics in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Elena Vega-Martín ◽  
Marta Gil-Ortega ◽  
Raquel González-Blázquez ◽  
Sara Benedito ◽  
Jesús Fernández-Felipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The Impact

Vegetable oils such as palm oil (enriched in saturated fatty acids, SFA) and high-oleic-acid sunflower oil (HOSO, containing mainly monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA) have emerged as the most common replacements for trans-fats in the food industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of SFA and MUFA-enriched high-fat (HF) diets on endothelial function, vascular remodeling, and arterial stiffness compared to commercial HF diets. Five-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (SD), a HF diet enriched with SFA (saturated oil-enriched Food, SOLF), a HF diet enriched with MUFA (unsaturated oil-enriched Food, UOLF), or a commercial HF diet for 8 weeks. Vascular function was analyzed in the thoracic aorta. Structural and mechanical parameters were assessed in mesenteric arteries by pressure myography. SOLF, UOLF, and HF diet reduced contractile responses to phenylephrine and induced endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta. A significant increase in the β-index, and thus in arterial stiffness, was also detected in mesenteric arteries from the three HF groups, due to enhanced deposition of collagen in the vascular wall. SOLF also induced hypotrophic inward remodeling. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a deleterious effect of HF feeding on obesity-related vascular alterations that is exacerbated by SFA.

scholarly journals Dairy Fat Consumption and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: An Examination of the Saturated Fatty Acids in Dairy

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unger ◽  
Torres-Gonzalez ◽  
Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Lifestyle is a key modifiable risk factor involved in the manifestation of metabolic syndrome and, in particular, diet plays a pivotal role in its prevention and development. Current dietary guidelines discourage the consumption of saturated fat and dietary sources rich in saturated fat, such as dairy products, despite data suggesting that full-fat dairy consumption is protective against metabolic syndrome. This narrative review assessed the recent epidemiological and clinical research that examined the consumption of dairy-derived saturated fatty acids (SFA) on metabolic syndrome risk. In addition, this review evaluated studies of individual SFA to gain insight into the potential mechanisms at play with intake of a diet enriched with these dairy-derived fatty acids. This work underscores that SFA are a heterogenous class of fatty acids that can differ considerably in their biological activity within the body depending on their length and specific chemical structure. In summary, previous work on the impact of dairy-derived SFA consumption on disease risk suggests that there is currently insufficient evidence to support current dietary guidelines which consolidate all dietary SFA into a single group of nutrients whose consumption should be reduced, regardless of dietary source, food matrix, and composition.

scholarly journals The role of nutrition in Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Mediterranean

The aging population is a significant social, medical and economic problem due to increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in elderly population. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the most common neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by a progressive deterioration of memory and cognitive function. So far, there is neither an effective prevention nor cure for dementia, so more and more attention is paid to the prevention of this group of diseases, particularly to the appropriate diet. Preventive intervention gives the best results if introduced before the first symptoms of dementia, i.e., around the age of 50. This is when the nutritional status, number of synapses, cognition, and neuropathological changes in the nervous system compensate each other, which increases the chances of staying healthy for a longer period of time. It has been proven that dietary habits, which lead to the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, significantly increase the risk of dementia. On the other hand, a Mediterranean diet rich in antioxidants, fiber and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may have a protective effect on the neurodegenerative process. The beneficial effect of many nutrients on the course of AD has been demonstrated. These include: glutathione, polyphenols, curcumin, coenzyme Q10, vitamins B6, B12, folic acid, unsaturated fatty acids, lecithin, UA, caffeine and some probiotic bacteria. A diet rich in saturated fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) promotes the progression of dementia. Dietary intervention should be introduced as early as possible to minimize the risk of developing dementia. The Mediterranean and DASH diets have been documented to protect against AD. However, the MIND diet is reported to be much more effective in preventing cognitive decline/dementia than either the Mediterranean or DASH diets alone.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis Bracts Cultivated in Central Greece: The Impact of Harvesting Time

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1976
Author(s):  
Filipa Mandim ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Kyriakos D. Giannoulis ◽  
Celestino Santos-Buelga ◽  
Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
The Impact

The present study evaluated the effect of maturity stage on the chemical composition of cardoon bracts. Plant material was collected in Greece at eight different maturation stages (C1–C8) and the chemical composition was analyzed in regard to lipidic fraction and the content in fatty acids, tocopherols, organic acids, and free sugars. Samples of late maturity (C6–C8) revealed the lowest lipidic content, while a total of 29 fatty acids was identified in all the samples, with palmitic, stearic, oleic, and eicosatrienoic acids present in the highest levels depending on harvesting time. Immature (C1) and mature (C8) bracts were more abundant in saturated fatty acids (SFA) than bracts of medium-to-late maturity (C5, C6), where the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the prevalent class. The α- and γ-tocopherols were the only identified isoforms of vitamin E, while the highest content was observed in sample C8 (199 µg/100 g dry weight (dw). The detected organic acids were oxalic, quinic, malic, citric, and fumaric acids, while fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, and raffinose were the main detected sugars. The results of the present study allowed us to reveal the effect of maturity stage on cardoon bracts chemical composition and further valorize this byproduct by improving its bioactive compounds content.

scholarly journals Porcine Hepatic Response to Fumonisin B1 in a Short Exposure Period: Fatty Acid Profile and Clinical Investigations

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omeralfaroug Ali ◽  
Judit Szabó-Fodor ◽  
Hedvig Fébel ◽  
Miklós Mézes ◽  
Krisztián Balogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Arachidonic Acids ◽  
The Impact

Scarce studies have investigated the impact of fumonisin B1 (FB1) on the hepatic tissue fatty acid (FA) profile, and no study is available on piglets. A 10-day in vivo experiment was performed on seven piglets/group: control and FB1-fed animals (diet was contaminated with fungal culture: 20 mg FB1/kg diet). Independent sample t-test was carried out at p < 0.05 as the significance level. Neither growth, nor feed efficiency, was affected. The hepatic phospholipid (PL) fatty acids (FAs) were more susceptible for FB1, while triglyceride (TG) was less responsive. The impact of FB1 on hepatic PL polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was more pronounced than on saturated fatty acids. Among all PUFAs, predominant ones in response were docosapentaenoicacid (DPA) (↓), docosahexaenoic DHA (↓) and arachidonic acids (↑). This led to a higher omega-6:omega-3 ratio, whereas a similar finding was noted in TGs. Neither total saturation (SFA) nor total monousaturation (MUFA) were affected by the FB1 administration. The liver showed an increase in malondialdehyde, as well as antioxidant capacity (reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase). The plasma enzymatic assessment revealed an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), while alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were not influenced. The microscopic sections provided evidence of vacuolar degeneration of the hepatocytes’ cytoplasm, but it was not severe. Furthermore, the lung edema was developed, while the kidney was not affected. In conclusion, regarding FB1-mediated hepatotoxicity in piglets, the potential effect of slight hepatotoxicity did not compromise growth performance, at least at the dose and exposure period applied.

Plant-Based Diet, Serum Fatty Acid Profile, and Free Radicals in Postmenopausal Women: The Diet and Androgens (DIANA) Randomized Trial

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Colombo ◽  
P. Muti ◽  
V. Pala ◽  
A. Cavalleri ◽  
E. Venturelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid

High calorie and fat consumption and the production of free radicals are two major mechanistic pathways between diet and disease. In this study we evaluated the effect of a plant-based diet poor in animal fat and rich in (n-3) fatty acids on fatty acids of serum phospholipids and on the production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs). One hundred and four healthy female postmenopausal volunteers were recruited and randomized to a dietary intervention or a control group. Dietary intervention included a program of food education and biweekly common meals for 18 weeks. When the intervention and control groups were compared, it was seen that dietary intervention resulted in a significant reduction of saturated fatty acids (-1.5%) and a significant increase in (n-3) fatty acids (+20.6%), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (+24.8%). We observed that arachidonic acid decreased (–7.7%), while (n-6) fatty acids did not, and the (n-3)/(n-6) polyunsaturated ratio increased significantly (+24.1%). As expected, ROMs decreased significantly in the intervention group (-6%). The results indicated that a plant-based diet can improve the serum fatty acid profile and decrease ROMs production. These results suggest that a plant-based diet may reduce the body's exposure to oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Cynara Cardunculus L. var. altilis Heads: The Impact of Harvesting Time

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Mandim ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Ângela Fernandes ◽  
Celestino Santos-Buelga ◽  
Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
The Impact

Cardoon is a multi-purpose crop with several industrial applications, while the heads (capitula) are edible and commonly used in various dishes of the Mediterranean diet. Several reports in the literature study the chemical composition of the various plants parts (leaves, flower stalks, bracts, seeds) aiming to industrial applications of crop bio-waste, whereas for the heads, most of the studies are limited to the chemical composition and bioactive properties at the edible stage. In the present study, cardoon heads were collected at six different maturation stages and their chemical composition was evaluated in order to determine the effect of harvesting stage and examine the potential of alternative uses in the food and nutraceutical industries. Lipidic fraction and the content in fatty acids, tocopherols, organic acids, and free sugars were determined. Lipidic content decreases with the maturation process, while 22 fatty acids were detected in total, with palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids being those with the highest abundance depending on harvesting time. In particular, immature heads have a higher abundance in saturated fatty acids (SFA), whereas the samples of mature heads were the richest in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The α-tocopherol was the only isoform detected being present in higher amounts in sample Car B (619 µg/100 g dw). Oxalic, quinic, malic, citric and fumaric acids were the detected organic acids, and the higher content was observed in sample Car E (15.7 g/100 g dw). The detected sugars were fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose and raffinose, while the highest content (7.4 g/100 g dw) was recorded in sample Car C. In conclusion, the maturation stage of cardoon heads influences their chemical composition and harvesting time could be a useful means to increase the quality and the added value of the final product by introducing this material in the food and nutraceutical industries.

scholarly journals Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids Prevent Altered-Muc2 Secretion Induced by Palmitic Acid by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in LS174T Goblet Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2179
Author(s):  
Quentin Escoula ◽  
Sandrine Bellenger ◽  
Michel Narce ◽  
Jérôme Bellenger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
The Impact

Diets high in saturated fatty acids (FA) represent a risk factor for the development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, partly through their impact on the epithelial cell barrier integrity. We hypothesized that unsaturated FA could alleviate saturated FA-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurring in intestinal secretory goblet cells, and consequently the reduced synthesis and secretion of mucins that form the protective mucus barrier. To investigate this hypothesis, we treated well-differentiated human colonic LS174T goblet cells with palmitic acid (PAL)—the most commonly used inducer of lipotoxicity in in vitro systems—or n-9, n-6, or n-3 unsaturated fatty acids alone or in co-treatment with PAL, and measured the impact of such treatments on ER stress and Muc2 production. Our results showed that only eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids protect goblet cells against ER stress-mediated altered Muc2 secretion induced by PAL, whereas neither linolenic acid nor n-9 and n-6 FA are able to provide such protection. We conclude that EPA and DHA could represent potential therapeutic nutrients against the detrimental lipotoxicity of saturated fatty acids, associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity or inflammatory bowel disease. These in vitro data remain to be explored in vivo in a context of dietary obesity.

scholarly journals Attainment of Targets of the 20-Year Infancy-Onset Dietary Intervention and Blood Pressure Across Childhood and Young Adulthood

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1572-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi T. Laitinen ◽  
Joel Nuotio ◽  
Harri Niinikoski ◽  
Markus Juonala ◽  
Suvi P. Rovio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake

We examined whether success in achieving the key targets of an infancy-onset 20-year dietary intervention was associated with blood pressure (BP) from infancy to young adulthood. In the prospective randomized STRIP (Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project; n=877 children), dietary counseling was provided biannually based on the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations primarily to improve the quality of dietary fat in children’s diets and secondarily to promote intake of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Dietary data and BP were accrued annually from the age of 13 months to 20 years. The dietary targets for fat quality were defined as the ratio of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids <1:2 and intake of saturated fatty acids <10 E%, dietary fiber intake in the top age-specific quintile, and dietary sucrose intake as being in the lowest age-specific quintile. Attaining a higher number of the dietary targets was associated with lower systolic BP (mean [SE] systolic BP, 107.3 [0.3], 107.6 [0.3], 106.8 [0.3], and 106.7 [0.5] mm Hg in participants meeting 0, 1, 2, and 3 to 4 targets, respectively; P =0.03) and diastolic BP (mean [SE] diastolic BP, 60.4 [0.2], 60.5 [0.2], 59.9 [0.2], and 59.9 [0.3] mm Hg; P =0.02). When the lowest age-specific quintile of dietary cholesterol was added as an additional target, the association with systolic BP remained significant ( P =0.047), but the association with diastolic BP attenuated ( P =0.13). Achieving the key targets of an infancy-onset 20-year dietary intervention, reflecting dietary guidelines, was favorably albeit modestly associated with systolic and diastolic BP from infancy to young adulthood. Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT00223600.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Fatty Acid Profile in the Diet of Patients in Psycho-neurological Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (339) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Ilze Beitane ◽  
Alla Marisheva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThere is a strong correlation between diet and mental health, and malnutrition can contribute to the development of various psycho-neurological diseases. Fatty acid profile plays an important role in the treatment of psycho-neurological diseases; therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate fatty acid profile in the diet of patients in three Latvian psycho-neurological hospitals. Latvian psycho-neurological hospitals submitted a detailed one-week menu. The information in the menus was processed using the Fineli program. Each menu identified the composition of fatty acids.The average fat concentration in different hospital menus ranged from 74.8 g to 96.1 g per day, where the concentration of saturated fatty acids ranged from 37.5 g to 47.7 g per day and the unsaturated fat concentration ranged from 35.9 g to 47 g per day. The n-3 PUFA content was consistent with the recommendations of a healthy individual, but it did not meet the needs of patients in a psycho-neurological hospital. The total eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid concentration in the hospital menus ranged from 0.03 to 0.13 g, which was significantly lower than recommended, whereas LA and ALA concentration in hospital menus is close to optimal. The trans-fatty acids concentration in hospital menus did not exceed 2.5 g per day, with the exception of one day in hospital No. 2.The impact of diet on the treatment of psycho-neurological diseases in Latvian psycho-neurological hospitals has not been sufficiently assessed.

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