Biologic Therapies Against Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Dysregulated Immune System and the Cross Talk with Gastrointestinal Mucosa Hold the Key

: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, elusive disorder resulting in relapsing inflammation of intestine with incompletely elucidated etiology, whose two representative forms are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Accumulating researches have revealed that the individual genetic susceptibility, environmental risk elements, intestinal microbial flora, as well as innate and adaptive immune system are implicated in the pathogenesis and development of IBD. Despite remarkable progression of IBD therapy has been achieved by chemical drugs and biological therapies such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, antibiotics, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, anti-integrin agents, etc., healing outcome still cannot be obtained, along with inevitable side effects. Consequently, a variety of researches have focused on exploring new therapies, and found that natural products (NPs) isolated from herbs or plants may serve as promising therapeutic agents for IBD through antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic effects, which implicates the modulation on nucleotide- binding domain (NOD) like receptor protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome, gut microbiota, intestinal microvascular endothelial cells, intestinal epithelia, immune system, etc. In the present review, we will summarize the research development of IBD pathogenesis and current mainstream therapy, as well as the therapeutic potential and intrinsic mechanisms of NPs in IBD.

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Market share and costs of biologic therapies for inflammatory bowel disease in the USA

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1111/apt.14430 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 364-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

H. Yu ◽

D. MacIsaac ◽

J. J. Wong ◽

Z. M. Sellers ◽

A. A. Wren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Market Share ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Biologic Therapies ◽

The Usa ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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Potential markers for early diagnostics of Colorectal cancer and Inflammatory bowel disease in humans : intestinal microorganisms and immune system (teammates or rivals)

Canadian Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.24870/cjb.2017-000109 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Pavel Horak ◽

Petra Kucerova ◽

Monika Cervinkova

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Immune System ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Early Diagnostics ◽

Intestinal Microorganisms ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Biologic Therapies in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines10010055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Mohammad Shehab ◽

Yasmin Zurba ◽

Ali Al Abdulsalam ◽

Ahmad Alfadhli ◽

Sara Elouali

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Biologic Therapies ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Patients ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

To Receive

Background: COVID-19 vaccinations have been shown to be effective in reducing risk of severe infection, hospitalization, and death. They have also been shown to be safe and effective in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who are receiving biologic therapies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vaccination among patients receiving biologic therapies for IBD. Methods: A single-center prospective cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care inflammatory bowel disease center in Kuwait. Data from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who attended the gastroenterology infusion clinic from 1 June 2021 until 31 October 2021 were retrieved. Patients who received infliximab or vedolizumab at least six weeks before recruitment were included. The primary outcome was prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination. The secondary outcome was to assess whether prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination differed based on sex, age, type of biologic therapy and nationality. Results: The total number of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients enrolled in the study was 280 (56.0% male and 44.0% female). Of the total, 112 (40.0%) patients were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and 168 (60.0%) with Crohn’s disease. The number of ulcerative colitis patients who were vaccinated was 49 (43.8%) and the number of Crohn’s disease patients who were vaccinated was 68 (40.5%). The median age was 33.2 years and BMI was 24.8 kg/m2. With respect to the total number of patients, 117 (41.8%) were vaccinated with either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 163 (58.2%) were not vaccinated. Female patients were more likely to receive the vaccine compared to male patients (83.0% vs. 63.8%, p < 0.001). In addition, patients above the age 50 were more likely to receive the vaccine than patients below the age of 50 (95.6% vs. 31.2% p < 0.001). Expatriates were more likely to receive the vaccine than citizens (84.8% vs. 25.0%, p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between patients on infliximab and vedolizumab with regard to prevalence of vaccination (40.0% vs 48.0%, p = 0.34). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on biologic therapies was lower than that of the general population and world health organization (WHO) recom-mendation. Female patients, patients above the age of 50, and expatriates were more likely to receive the vaccine. Physicians should reinforce the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines among patients, especially IBD patients on biologic therapies, who express hesitancy towards them.

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Dynamic Colonization of Microbes and Their Functions after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00975-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nathaniel D. Chu ◽

Jessica W. Crothers ◽

Le T. T. Nguyen ◽

Sean M. Kearney ◽

Mark B. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Immune System ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Healthy Donor ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Complex Mixtures ◽

Sick Patient ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Living Organisms

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)—transferring fecal microbes from a healthy donor to a sick patient—has shown promise for gut diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, unlike pharmaceuticals, fecal transplants are complex mixtures of living organisms, which must then interact with the microbes and immune system of the recipient.

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