scholarly journals Identifying the Most Successful Formula 1 Drivers in the Turbo Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Nicole L. Piquero ◽  
Sungil Han
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Trajectory Modeling ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Auto Racing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Trajectory Methods ◽  
Zero Points

Background: Formula 1 is the world’s fastest auto racing circuit and one that is among the most-watched of all televised sports. With its international flair and glamor and the glitz it brings to viewers and spectators, it is no surprise that fans, commentators, and media covering the races enjoy ranking the most successful teams and especially the most successful drivers of all time. Yet, there are few empirical studies that have developed and/or applied rigorous methodological techniques to examine which drivers are the most successful within the recent turbo-hybrid era. Objective: This study uses novel group-based trajectory methods to rank the most successful drivers within the turbo area, 2014-2019. Methods: Group-based trajectory methods are used to identify distinct groups of drivers according to accumulated points. Results: Using total points accumulated during each respective season as our measure of success, results showed that the 45 drivers who competed during this time period could be classified into three groups, with the top-performing group of drivers being Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg. A second better-performing group of six drivers followed and included Bottas, LeClerc, Räikkönen, Ricciardo, Verstappen, and Vettel. The remaining 37 drivers were classified into a third low-performing group, a great number of which scored zero points during the time period. Conclusion: The most successful Formula 1 drivers during the turbo era were able to be identified using group-based trajectory modeling, with Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg identified as the best drivers based on accumulated points.

Effect of short-term use of oral contraceptive pills on intraocular pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Gul Malik ◽  
Hina Nadeem ◽  
Eiman Ayesha ◽  
Rabail Alam
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Short Time

Objective: To study the effect of short-term use of oral contraceptive pills on intra-ocular pressures of women of childbearing age.   Methods: It was a comparative observational study, conducted at Arif memorial teaching hospital and Allied hospital Faisalabad for a period of six months. Hundred female subjects were divided into two groups of 50 each. Group A, included females, who had been taking oral contraceptive pills (OCP) for more than 6 months and less than 36 months. Group B, included 50 age-matched controls, who had never used OCP. Ophthalmic and systemic history was taken. Careful Slit lamp examination was performed and intraocular pressures (IOP) were measured using Goldman Applanation tonometer. Fundus examination was done to rule out any posterior segment disease. After collection of data, we analyzed and compared the intra ocular pressures between the two groups by using ANOVA in SPSS version 21.   Results: Average duration of using OCP was 14.9 months. There was no significant difference of Cup to Disc ratios between the two groups (p= 0.109). However, significant difference was noted between the IOP of OCP group and controls. (p=0.000). Conclusion: OCP significantly increase IOP even when used for short time period.

scholarly journals Creating relationship continuity across projects in the construction industry

IMP Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malena Ingemansson Havenvid ◽  
Elsebeth Holmen ◽  
Åse Linné ◽  
Ann-Charlott Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mutual Orientation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Construction Firms ◽  
Relationship Continuity ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Strategy Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship continuity across projects among actors in the construction industry, and to discuss why and how such continuity takes place. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw on the results from four in-depth case studies illustrating different strategies for pursuing relationship continuity. The results are analysed and discussed in light of the oft-mentioned strategies suggested by Mintzberg (1987): emergent, deliberate and deliberately emergent strategies. Furthermore, the ARA-model is used to discuss why the relationship continuity strategies are pursued, and which factors might enable and constrain the relationship continuity. Findings The main findings are twofold. First, the authors found that the strategy applied for pursuing relationship continuity may, in one-time period, contain one type of strategy or a mix of strategy types. Second, the type of strategy may evolve over time, from one type of strategy being more pronounced in one period, to other strategies being more pronounced in later periods. The strategies applied by construction firms and their counterparts can thus contain elements of emergent, deliberate and deliberately emergent strategies, in varying degrees over time. It is also shown that the strategies of the involved actors co-evolve as a result of interaction. Also, the main reasons for pursuing continuity appear to lie in the re-use and development of important resources and activities across projects to create efficiency and the possibility to develop mutual orientation, commitment and trust over time, and thus reduce uncertainty. Research limitations/implications Further empirical studies are needed to support the findings. For managers, the main implication is that relationship continuity can arise as part of an emerging interaction pattern between firms or as part of a planned strategy, but that elements of both might be needed to sustain it. Originality/value The authors combine Mintzberg’s strategy concepts with the ARA-model to bring new light to the widely debated issue of discontinuity and fragmentation in the construction industry.

scholarly journals TAP Block in Postoperative Analgesia, A First Time Clinical Trial In Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Bidhan Paul ◽  
Debashis Banik ◽  
AKM Shamsul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tap Block ◽  
Analgesic Regimen ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: In perioperative care, a reliable pain management is a vital appeal. Over recent years, Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block is introduced as an important component of multimodal analgesia.Objective: To evaluate efficacy of TAP block in postoperative analgesia for Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) with subarachnoid block (SAB) in comparison of morphine consumption and VAS score.Methods: 60 patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups (TAP group-A & control group-B). Standard SAB was applied to all patients for elective TAH. Immediate after operation classical TAP block was performed through both Lumber Triangle Of Petit (LTOP) of group A patients. Both groups were placed in Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), arranged a common standard postoperative analgesic regimen for all, observed periodically and documented it accordingly in pre-designed data sheet.Results: TAP block prolonged the mean time of 1st required I/V morphine (TAP vs control, mean±SD 271.23±40.34 vs 195.33±22.16 min., p=0.001HS). Morphine requirement was also reduced (17.4±5.4 vs 26.2±4.4 mg, p=0.001HS). Pain VAS scores at rest and movement were also reduced at all time period (p? 0.01 to 0.001). There was no complication attributed to the TAP block.Conclusion: TAP block provided considerably effective postoperative analgesia in first 24 hours after major abdominal surgery like TAH.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 3-11

scholarly journals Study on impact of duration of tympanic membrane perforation on hearing loss and audiological outcome after surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Raies Ahmad ◽  
Gopika Kalsotra ◽  
Kamal Kishore ◽  
Aditiya Saraf ◽  
Parmod Kalsotra
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Membrane Perforation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Group B

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of the study was to assess impact of duration of tympanic membrane perforation on hearing loss and postoperative audiological outcome using pure tone audiogram.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study was conducted on 100 patients in department of ENT and HNS, SMGS Hospital, Government Medical College Jammu during a time period of November 2018 to October 2019. All the patients with age 15 to 60 years who presented with tympanic membrane (pars tensa) perforation were included in the study.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, mean preoperative hearing loss (AC threshold) of group A was 36.23±1.07 dB and of group B was 25.67±6.38 dB. Group C had mean preoperative hearing loss (AC threshold) of 28.78±6.50 dB. Mean preoperative air-bone gap (AB gap) of group A was 12.9±8.05dB and of group B was 13.86±4.19 dB. Group C had mean preoperative air-bone gap (AB gap) of 16.47±5.51 dB. Postoperatively, pure tone threshold at three months was least in group B (15.09±5.80 dB), followed by group C (15.68±4.66 dB) and group A (19.33±2.81 dB). Whereas, postoperative AB gap at 3 months was least in group C (10±3 dB), followed by group C (8.44±3.59 dB). Group B had maximum postoperative AB gap of 8.49±4.34 dB.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study did not show any correlation between duration of disease and degree of hearing loss.</p>

Application of Data Envelopment Analysis and Key Characteristics of Greek Agro-Firms

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Lemonakis
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Government ◽  
Financial Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to investigate key characteristics for the competitiveness in Greek agro-firms during the time period 2004 to 2011, based on firm level financial data. The study attempts to determine the firms' efficiency as well as the impact of exporting activity in agro-firms competitiveness, and more specifically in fisheries, farms with livestock and farms with fruits, vegetables and cereals. Although many empirical studies have been conducted relative to manufacturing firms' financial characteristics, limited research exists on agro-food firms. The use of DEA method seems to be a very useful tool for efficiency assessment and identification of best practices in firms' management for both managers and the Government as well in order to facilitate the growth of the agricultural sector.

scholarly journals The prevalence of MS in the United States

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. e1029-e1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell T. Wallin ◽  
William J. Culpepper ◽  
Jonathan D. Campbell ◽  
Lorene M. Nelson ◽  
Annette Langer-Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Group A ◽  
Us Census

ObjectiveTo generate a national multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence estimate for the United States by applying a validated algorithm to multiple administrative health claims (AHC) datasets.MethodsA validated algorithm was applied to private, military, and public AHC datasets to identify adult cases of MS between 2008 and 2010. In each dataset, we determined the 3-year cumulative prevalence overall and stratified by age, sex, and census region. We applied insurance-specific and stratum-specific estimates to the 2010 US Census data and pooled the findings to calculate the 2010 prevalence of MS in the United States cumulated over 3 years. We also estimated the 2010 prevalence cumulated over 10 years using 2 models and extrapolated our estimate to 2017.ResultsThe estimated 2010 prevalence of MS in the US adult population cumulated over 10 years was 309.2 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 308.1–310.1), representing 727,344 cases. During the same time period, the MS prevalence was 450.1 per 100,000 (95% CI 448.1–451.6) for women and 159.7 (95% CI 158.7–160.6) for men (female:male ratio 2.8). The estimated 2010 prevalence of MS was highest in the 55- to 64-year age group. A US north-south decreasing prevalence gradient was identified. The estimated MS prevalence is also presented for 2017.ConclusionThe estimated US national MS prevalence for 2010 is the highest reported to date and provides evidence that the north-south gradient persists. Our rigorous algorithm-based approach to estimating prevalence is efficient and has the potential to be used for other chronic neurologic conditions.

scholarly journals Temporal Relations of Column Water Vapor and Tropical Precipitation

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Holloway ◽  
J. David Neelin
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mesoscale Convective ◽  
Probability Of Precipitation ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Empirical studies using satellite data and radiosondes have shown that precipitation increases with column water vapor (CWV) in the tropics, and that this increase is much steeper above some critical CWV value. Here, eight years of 1-min-resolution microwave radiometer and optical gauge data at Nauru Island are analyzed to better understand the relationships among CWV, column liquid water (CLW), and precipitation at small time scales. CWV is found to have large autocorrelation times compared with CLW and precipitation. Before precipitation events, CWV increases on both a synoptic-scale time period and a subsequent shorter time period consistent with mesoscale convective activity; the latter period is associated with the highest CWV levels. Probabilities of precipitation increase greatly with CWV. Given initial high CWV, this increased probability of precipitation persists at least 10–12 h. Even in periods of high CWV, however, probabilities of initial precipitation in a 5-min period remain low enough that there tends to be a lag before the start of the next precipitation event. This is consistent with precipitation occurring stochastically within environments containing high CWV, with the latter being established by a combination of synoptic-scale and mesoscale forcing.

Experimental Study on Early Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma with Computed Tomography Combined Serum Soluble Mesothelin-Related Proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-671
Author(s):  
Jiang Jie ◽  
Qin Zhanxiong ◽  
Wu Li ◽  
Xie Xiaojie ◽  
Zhao Xunran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Pleural Thickening ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Related Proteins

Objective: To investigate the value on early diagnosis of experimental rat according to computed tomography (CT) combined with the serum level of Serum Soluble Mesothelin-related Proteins (SMRP). Methods: Thirty-two SD rat were divided into three groups, including group A (experimental group) of 20 rats with pleural cavity injection of crocidolite suspension, group B (negative control group) of 6 rats with pleural cavity injection of saline, group C (blank control group) of 6 rats without any processing. Chest and abdominal CT scan and enhancement were performed in the three months and six months after induction and the pleural thickening was analyzed. The serum level of SMRP was measured at the different time period including pre-injection, the postinjection first month, the second month, the third month and the sixth month. The correlation between pleural thickening and serum level of SMRP was analyzed. Results: In group A: 20 cases were performed on CT scan in post-injection third month and we found 13 cases without pleural lesions and 7 cases with pleural lesions including of 4 cases with mild pleural thickening, 1 moderate thickening and 2 severe thickening (2 cases died). Moreover, 18 cases were done by CT in post-injection third month and we found 3 cases without pleural lesions and 15 cases with pleural lesions including of 6 cases with mild pleural thickening, 5 moderate thickening and 4 severe thickening (3 cases died). No pleural lesions were found in group B and group C. SMRP expression level differences in the three groups was statistically significant. However, there was no difference in pre-injection in the three groups and there were no difference in group B and C at the different time period. In group A, there was no difference between post-injection first month and second month, whereas, there had statistically difference in post-injection third and sixth month. In group A, SMRP level gradually increased over time. The high correlation between pleural thickening and serum level of SMRP was seen at the post-injection third and sixth month, which the expression of SMRP gradually increased as the pleural thickening. Conclusion: Serum SMRP expression level has a certain value for early diagnosis and staging of MPM, which can be used as an important biomarker for early screening of high-risk groups exposed to asbestos.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Molecular Characterization of an Invasive Group A Streptococcusemm32.2 Outbreak

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1837-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Cornick ◽  
Anmol M. Kiran ◽  
Roberto Vivancos ◽  
Jon Van Aartsen ◽  
Jenny Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Disadvantaged Population ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Case Comparison ◽  
Group A

ABSTRACTAnemm32.2 invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS) outbreak occurred in Liverpool from January 2010 to September 2012. This genotype had not previously been identified in Liverpool, but was responsible for 32% (14/44) of all iGAS cases reported during this time period. We performed a case-case comparison ofemm32.2 iGAS cases with non-emm32.2 control iGAS cases identified in the Liverpool population over the same time period to assess patient risk factors foremm32.2 iGAS infection. Theemm32.2 iGAS cases were confined to the adult population. We show that homelessness, intravenous drug use, and alcohol abuse predisposed patients toemm32.2 iGAS disease; however, no obvious epidemiological linkage between the patients withemm32.2 iGAS could be identified. Comparative whole-genome sequencing analysis ofemm32.2 iGAS and non-emm32.2 control isolates was also performed to identify pathogen factors which might have driven the outbreak. We identified 19 genes, five of which had previously been implicated in virulence, which were present in all of theemm32.2 iGAS isolates but not present in any of the non-emm32.2 control isolates. We report that a novelemm32.2 genotype emerged in Liverpool in 2010 and identified a specific subset of genes, which could have allowed this novelemm32.2 genotype to persist in a disadvantaged population in the region over a 3-year period.

scholarly journals HYPERLIPIDEMIC PATIENTS;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marium Shoukat ◽  
Hijab Batool ◽  
Faiza Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objectives: Role of niacin in decreasing cardiovascular accidents by lowering the levels of Apo-B in hyperlipidemic patients. Background: In hyperlipidemia, there are high levels of atherogenic lipoproteins leading to higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Patients with dyslipidemia use statins as a mainstay of therapy over last many decades. Recent studies show that apolipoproteins play a major role in formation of atheromatous plaque, thus there is an urgent need to study the effects of lipid lowering medication on apolipoprotiens levels. Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study. Setting: Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore (Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology). Period: 12 weeks from July to Sep 2014. Materials and Methods: Recently diagnosed hyperlipidemic patients (n=44) were selected for the study purpose and divided into two equal groups; A and B. Each group was given different medication. Group A took only statin while group B took a combination of statin and niacin. Blood samples were taken at the start of medication and then after completion of 12 week time period. Results: At the start of the treatment there was no significant difference in the Apo B cholesterol level between the two groups (p value 0.972). However, after the end of 12 week duration, there was a significant reduction in the Apo level of group B taking statin and niacin as compared to group A taking statin alone (p value 0.003). Conclusions: Niacin has cardio-protective role when used in combination with niacin.

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