Production of cellulosic ethanol from alkali treated wheat straw using P-SSF process and bioconversion of hemicellulosic fraction into high value products

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amisha Patel ◽  
Harshvadan Patel ◽  
Amita Shah
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Yields ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
High Ethanol ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Background: Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive resource for production of ethanol because of its abundance and lower cost. The economics of lignocellulosic ethanol production can be improved by enhancing the ethanol titres along with utilisation of waste generated during bioconversion process. Objective: The present study was aimed at development of a bioconversion process for production high concentration of ethanol from alkali treated cellulose rich wheat straw (WS) and utilization of unused hemicellulosic fraction into value added products. Methods: WS was subjected to microwave assisted alkali (MAA) treatment. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyse structural changes in untreated and pretreated WS. Bioethanol production from pretreated WS was carried out by pre hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (P-SSF) process using newly isolated Saccharomyces cerevisisae SM1. Liquid fraction generated during pretreatment was utilised for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production using indigenously produced endoxylanase. Results: MAA treatment of WS was successful in enriching cellulose content of WS by solubilizing hemicellulose and lignin. Ethanol fermentation by P-SSF method lead to high concentration of ethanol (42.10±1.15 g/L) in 48 h. Ethanol productivity and yield were, 0.88 g/L/h and 69.14%, respectively. It can be predicted that 7.143 tons of raw WS may be required to produce 1 ton of ethanol and for additional revenue 191.93 kg xylitol and 263.58 kg XOS (DP2 - DP5) can also be produced simultaneously. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated the feasibility of a bio-refinery process for production of value added compounds in addition to high ethanol yields.

scholarly journals Bioconversion of pretreated wheat straw to ethanol by Monascus purpureus CBS 109.07 and Fusarium venenatum ATCC 20334 using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Yudianto ◽  
ELLYAS ALGA NAINGGOLAN ◽  
Ria Millati ◽  
Chusnul Hidayat ◽  
Patrik Lennartsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Monascus Purpureus ◽  
Ethanol Yields ◽  
Fusarium Venenatum ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
Pretreated Wheat Straw ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstract. Yudianto D, Nainggolan EA, Millati R, Hidayat C, Lennartsson P, Taherzadeh MJ, Niklasson C. 2019. Bioconversion of pretreated wheat straw to ethanol by Monascus purpureus CBS 109.07 and Fusarium venenatum ATCC 20334 using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. 20: 2229-2235. Fractions of sulfuric acid-pretreated wheat straw, i.e. solid, liquid, and a mixture of liquid and solid were used as substrates in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process to produce ethanol. The bioconversion was performed by Monascus purpureus CBS 109.07 and Fusarium venenatum ATCC 20334. The highest ethanol yields from solid, liquid and a mixture of solid and liquid fractions by M. purpureus CBS 109.07 were 0.36, 0.41, and 0.37 g/g glucose, respectively. The corresponding values by F. venenatum ATCC 20334 were 0.21, 0.54, 0.35 g/g glucose, respectively.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI ALKALI-PRETREATMENT JERAMI PADI DENGAN PROSES SIMULTANEOUS SACHARIFICATION AND FERMENTATION (SSF)

Konversi ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata ◽  
Jody Hartoto Prayogo ◽  
Toni Arianto
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sacharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstrak- Jerami padi merupakan limbah pertanian yang mengandung 39% selulosa dan 27,5% hemiselulosa, jika dihidrolisis jerami padi dapat dikonversi menjadi gula sederhana selanjutnya difermentasi menjadi bioetanol.  Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pretreatment jerami padi dan kondisi operasi (jumlah enzim selulase dan Saccharomyces cereviseae) dalam produksi bioetanol dengan proses Simultaneous Saccharification Fermentation (SSF). Proses delignifikasi dilakukan dengan cara merendam jerami padi yang sudah dihaluskan dengan 2% NaOH (w/v) pada suhu 85oC selama 1 jam. Jerami padi dikeringkan setelah pretreatmen yang sebelumnya dicuci sampai pH filtratnya netral. Selanjutnya jerami padi kering digunakan sebagai substrat dalam SSF dengan menggunakan enzim selulase (20, 30 dan 40 FPU) dan S. Cerevisiae ( 2, 4 dan 6 ose) selama 3 hari dalam acetate buffer pH 5 serta penentuan konsentrasi etanol menggunakan Gas Chromatography (GC). Dengan analisis Scanning Electrom Microscope (SEM) dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), struktur permukaan yang rapi dan diselimuti oleh lignin menjadi kasar dan pecah yang diiringi dengan peningkatan struktur kristal sebesar 33,24% dari jerami padi setelah pretreatment dengan NaOH. Kadar bioetanol yang dihasilkan untuk 20 FPU, 30 FPU dan 40 FPU dengan kandungan S.Cerevisiae 2 ose berturut-turut adalah 0,45%, 0,44% dan 0,43%.  Dari variasi jumlah S. Cerevisiae 2,4 dan 6 ose dengan enzim selulase 20 FPU menghasikan bioetanol sebesar 0,45%, 0,46% dan 1,07%.  Kadar bioetanol yang dihasilkan dengan substrat yang di pretreatment dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi bioetanol sebesar 82,2% pada kondisi SSF yang sama. Pretreatment terhadap substrat memberikan efek terhadap produk SSF karena dengan penghilangan lignin akan memaksimalkan kerja enzime selulase mengkonversi sellulosa menjadi glukosa.  Kata Kunci : Jerami padi, delignifikasi, bioetanol, SSFAbstract- Rice straw is an agricultural waste which contains 39% cellulose and 27.5% hemicelluloses. Rice straw can be converted into bio ethanol by Simultaneous Saccharification Fermentation (SSF) process.  The aims of this research are to investigate the influence of rice straw pretreatment and operation condition (number of cellulose enzyme and Saccharomyces cereviseae) for bioethanol production. The bioethanol conversion was devided by 2 steps, there were delignification and SSF. Delignification process was done by soak rice straw in NaOH 2% heated at temperature 85 oC for 1 hour then washed with water. The pretreatment rice straw was used as substrate in SSF. SSF was conducted in the presence of cellulase enzyme (20, 30, and 40 FPU) and Sacharomyces Cerevisiae (2,4 and 6 ose) for 3 days. The bioethanol concentration produced for 20 FPU, 30 FPU, and 40 FPU in 2 ose S.careviseae are 0,45%, 0,44%, and 0,43%  respectively. The addition number of Saccharomyces cereviseae was gave high concentration of bioethanol. The result shown that bioethanol concentration of 2 ose, 4 ose and 6 ose are 0,45%, 0,46% and 1,07%, respectively. In the same concentration of enzyme (20 FPU) which pretreatment and non pretretament substrate was increased of bioethanol concentration up to 82,2%. The pretretment process was broken the structure of lignin and made enzyme easy to attached cellulose and converted to glucose. Keywords : Rice straw, delignification, bioethanol, SSF

scholarly journals BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM SEAWEED PROCESSING WASTE BY SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION AND FERMENTATION (SSF)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Andi Hakim ◽  
Ekowati Chasanah ◽  
Uju Uju ◽  
Joko Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Seaweed processing waste has been used for bioethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). SSF is commonly used for bioethanol production to shorten the process and to increase the yield of ethanol produced by Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The aim of this research was to obtain the best concentration of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae to produce bioethanol by SSF. The concentration of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae used was 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20% (v/v). The SSF process was carried out by using shaking incubator at 35 °C and rotation of 150 rpm for 3 days. The untreated and hot water treated seaweed processing waste used in this study have moisture content values of 12.94±0.08% and 15.38±0.19%, ash content values of 16.72±0.08% and 18.39±0.19%, lignin content values of 15.38±0.11% and 12.74±0.38%, and cellulose content values of 26.92±0.57% and 34.57±0.81%, respectively. The result of SSF process of seaweed processing waste showed that different concentrations of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae (control, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) yielded significant effect (p<0.05) on the total reducing sugars and ethanol produced. The Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) showed that the treatment 10% of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae concentration in the seaweed processing waste treated with hot water was the best treatment producing highest yield of ethanol.

scholarly journals Bioethanol Production from Vineyard Waste by Autohydrolysis Pretreatment and Chlorite Delignification via Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2606
Author(s):  
Lacrimioara Senila ◽  
Eniko Kovacs ◽  
Daniela Alexandra Scurtu ◽  
Oana Cadar ◽  
Anca Becze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

In this paper, the production of a second-generation bioethanol from lignocellulosic vineyard cutting wastes was investigated in order to define the optimal operating conditions of the autohydrolysis pretreatment, chlorite delignification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The autohydrolysis of vine-shoot wastes resulted in liquors containing mainly a mixture of monosaccharides, degradation products and spent solids (rich in cellulose and lignin), with potential utility in obtaining valuable chemicals and bioethanol. The autohydrolysis of the vine-shoot wastes was carried out at 165 and 180 °C for 10 min residence time, and the resulted solid and liquid phases composition were analysed. The resulted liquid fraction contained hemicellulosic sugars as a mixture of alpha (α) and beta (β) sugar anomers, and secondary by-products. The solid fraction was delignified using the sodium chlorite method for the separation of lignin and easier access of enzymes to the cellulosic sugars, and then, converted to ethanol by the SSF process. The maximum bioethanol production (6%) was obtained by autohydrolysis (165 °C), chlorite delignification and SSF process at 37 °C, 10% solid loading, 72 h. The principal component analysis was used to identify the main parameters that influence the chemical compositions of vine-shoot waste for different varieties.

scholarly journals Extraction of sugarcane bagasse arabinoxylan, integrated with enzymatic production of xylo-oligosaccharides and separation of cellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Khaleghipour ◽  
Javier A. Linares-Pastén ◽  
Hamid Rashedi ◽  
Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat ◽  
Andrius Jasilionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Bacillus Halodurans ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Successful Separation ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractSugarcane processing roughly generates 54 million tonnes sugarcane bagasse (SCB)/year, making SCB an important material for upgrading to value-added molecules. In this study, an integrated scheme was developed for separating xylan, lignin and cellulose, followed by production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from SCB. Xylan extraction conditions were screened in: (1) single extractions in NaOH (0.25, 0.5, or 1 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min; (2) 3 × repeated extraction cycles in NaOH (1 or 2 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min or (3) pressurized liquid extractions (PLE), 100 bar, at low alkalinity (0–0.1 M NaOH) in the time and temperature range 10–30 min and 50–150 °C. Higher concentration of alkali (2 M NaOH) increased the xylan yield and resulted in higher apparent molecular weight of the xylan polymer (212 kDa using 1 and 2 M NaOH, vs 47 kDa using 0.5 M NaOH), but decreased the substituent sugar content. Repeated extraction at 2 M NaOH, 121 °C, 60 min solubilized both xylan (85.6% of the SCB xylan), and lignin (84.1% of the lignin), and left cellulose of high purity (95.8%) in the residuals. Solubilized xylan was separated from lignin by precipitation, and a polymer with β-1,4-linked xylose backbone substituted by arabinose and glucuronic acids was confirmed by FT-IR and monosaccharide analysis. XOS yield in subsequent hydrolysis by endo-xylanases (from glycoside hydrolase family 10 or 11) was dependent on extraction conditions, and was highest using xylan extracted by 0.5 M NaOH, (42.3%, using Xyn10A from Bacillus halodurans), with xylobiose and xylotriose as main products. The present study shows successful separation of SCB xylan, lignin, and cellulose. High concentration of alkali, resulted in xylan with lower degree of substitution (especially reduced arabinosylation), while high pressure (using PLE), released more lignin than xylan. Enzymatic hydrolysis was more efficient using xylan extracted at lower alkaline strength and less efficient using xylan obtained by PLE and 2 M NaOH, which may be a consequence of polymer aggregation, via remaining lignin interactions.

scholarly journals Recycling Waste Cotton Cloths for the Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Sustainable Approach

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Siti Hajar Mohamed ◽  
Md. Sohrab Hossain ◽  
Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim ◽  
Mardiana Idayu Ahmad ◽  
Fatehah Mohd Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Alkaline Pulping ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose

There is an interest in the sustainable utilization of waste cotton cloths because of their enormous volume of generation and high cellulose content. Waste cotton cloths generated are disposed of in a landfill, which causes environmental pollution and leads to the waste of useful resources. In the present study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from waste cotton cloths collected from a landfill. The waste cotton cloths collected from the landfill were sterilized and cleaned using supercritical CO2 (scCO2) technology. The cellulose was extracted from scCO2-treated waste cotton cloths using alkaline pulping and bleaching processes. Subsequently, the CNCs were isolated using the H2SO4 hydrolysis of cellulose. The isolated CNCs were analyzed to determine the morphological, chemical, thermal, and physical properties with various analytical methods, including attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the isolated CNCs had a needle-like structure with a length and diameter of 10–30 and 2–6 nm, respectively, and an aspect ratio of 5–15, respectively. Additionally, the isolated CNCs had a high crystallinity index with a good thermal stability. The findings of the present study revealed the potential of recycling waste cotton cloths to produce a value-added product.

Lignin – derived antioxidants as value-added products obtained under cavitation treatments of the wheat straw processing for sugar production

2021 ◽  
pp. 126369
Author(s):  
Liga Lauberte ◽  
Galina Telysheva ◽  
Giancarlo Cravotto ◽  
Anna Andersone ◽  
Sarmite Janceva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Value Added Products

scholarly journals Energy and pressure requirements for compression of swine solid fraction compost

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niccolò Pampuro ◽  
Alessio Facello ◽  
Eugenio Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Pressure Application ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

The excessive amount of pig slurry spread on soil has contributed to nitrate water pollution both in surface and in ground waters, especially in areas classified as vulnerable zones to nitrate in accordance with European Regulation (91/676/CEE). Several techniques have been developed to manage livestock slurries as cheaply and conveniently as possible and to reduce potential risks of environmental pollution. Among these techniques, solid-liquid separation of slurry is a common practice in Italy. The liquid fraction can be used for irrigation and the solid fraction, after aerobic stabilization, produces an organic compost rich in humic substances. However, compost derived from swine solid fraction is a low density material (bulk density less than 500 kg􀀀m–3). This makes it costly to transport composted swine solid fraction from production sites to areas where it could be effectively utilized for value-added applications such as in soil fertilization. Densification is one possible way to enhance the storage and transportation of the compost. This study therefore investigates the effect of pressure (20- 110 MPa) and pressure application time (5-120 s) on the compaction characteristics of compost derived from swine solid fraction. Two different types of material have been used: composted swine solid fraction derived from mechanical separation and compost obtained by mixing the first material with wood chips. Results obtained showed that both the pressure applied and the pressure application time significantly affect the density of the compacted samples; while the specific compression energy is significantly affected only by the pressure. Best predictor equations were developed to predict compact density and the specific compression energy required by the densification process. The specific compression energy values based on the results from this study (6-32 kJ􀀀kg–1) were significantly lower than the specific energy required to manufacture pellets from biomass feedstock (typically 19-90 kJ􀀀kg–1).

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