Rapamycin Overproduction by Combined Mutational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Subhasish Dutta ◽  
Apurba Dey
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Untreated Sample ◽  
Uv Mutagenesis ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Turbidimetric Assay ◽  
Selection Of

Background: It is a great challenge for scientists to overcome the barrier of Antibiotic resistance by imparting new technologies to form structurally unique and robust antibiotics in an economically scalable way. Rapamycin is a well-known macrolide with numerous applications in the medical field. It is one of the most effective and efficient immunosuppressant antibiotic available in recent history. With the increase of its application, decreasing its production cost stands as one of the most critical challenges. Therefore, the selection of a suitable and potent strain of higher yield has emerged to be of great necessity in the present scenario. Methods: Spores prepared from lyophilised culture when treated with different exposure to UV light, showed a decrease in survival rates in comparison to the untreated sample. Combined treatment of spores with UV mutagenesis and chemical mutagen (NTG) was done. Spores were incubated at 30°C at 120 rpm for 2 hr, and some of them were found viable after the treatment. Agar-disc diffusion method, turbidimetric assay and HPLC analysis were carried out to study the rapamycin concentration by potent strain. Results: Macrolide production was seen to be maximum on the 11th day of fermentation which is 1.76 folds higher as compared to wild type Streptomyces hygroscopicus in shake flask. Structural confirmation and conformation study were supported by the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique. Conclusion: The maximum amount of antibiotic produced was observed to be 284 mg/L.

Radiation Minimisation and Outcome Maximisation in Cardiac Computed Tomograpy

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
James P Earls ◽  
Jonathon A Leipsic ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Prospective Triggering ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
Selection Of

Recent reports have raised general awareness that cardiac computed tomography (CT) has the potential for relatively high effective radiation doses. While the actual amount of risk this poses to the patient is controversial, the increasing concern has led to a great deal of research on new CT techniques capable of imaging the heart at substantially lower radiation doses than was available only a few years ago. Methods of dose reduction include optimised selection of user-defined parameters, such as tube current and voltage, as well as use of new technologies, such as prospective triggering and iterative reconstruction. These techniques have each been shown to lead to substantial reduction in radiation dose without loss of diagnostic accuracy. This article will review the most frequently used and widely available methods for radiation dose reduction in cardiac CT and give practical advice on their use and limitations.

Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽  
Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽  
Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽  
Hussam H. Tizkam ◽  
Shoeb Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

Skills vs. Concepts: A Comparison of Practitioners' and Educators' Preferences for Accounting Information Systems Proficiencies

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack L. Winstead ◽  
Mitchell R. Wenger
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Public Practice ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Accounting Software ◽  
Computer Operation ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT This study investigates whether AIS instructors' selection of topics adequately prepares graduates for the expectations of employers seeking candidates who can adapt to the pace of technological change. As businesses adopt new technologies, stakeholders of the accounting profession must periodically reassess educational needs in the area of accounting information systems (AIS). Because AIS is a field that encompasses a wide variety of conceptual and skill-based topics, the selection of course topics can result in a “gap” between what academics and CPA firms expect from new accountants. Given the variety of topic areas, do academics and CPAs agree on which ones to emphasize, or what levels of proficiency are appropriate for each topic? In this study, academics and accountants, primarily in public practice, completed identical surveys regarding desired levels of proficiencies. The results suggest agreement on desired levels of proficiency regarding computer operation and use of accounting software to complete basic tasks and create reports, while suggesting differences of opinion in six other areas (understanding business cycles in an electronic environment, understanding data-sharing technologies, using XBRL, comprehending business needs and how technology could solve problems, understanding e-commerce, and the basics of safeguarding electronic accounting records). Participants concluded by offering observations about the strengths and weaknesses of newly employed accountants.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus Species from Clinical Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The research was aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus species from clinical samples obtained from some hospitals in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. The ear swab, high vaginal swab (HVS), wound swab and urine samples from the patients attending the hospitals were collected and inoculated onto the surface of freshly prepared Nutrient agar for bacterial isolation. The bacteria isolated were identified by conventional microbiological methods namely; Gram staining, biochemical test (such as catalase, coagulase, and DNase test), mannitol salt agar and heamolysis test. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using the agar disc diffusion method. The result showed that S. aureus was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin 105 (68.63%), Gentamicin 102 (66.67%), Levofloxacin 95 (62.08%) and Amikacin 90 (58.82%), S. epidermidis was highly susceptible to Gentamicin 13 (61.90%), Levofloxacin 12 (57.14%) and Nitrofurantoin 11 (52.38%) while S. saprophyticus was highly susceptible to Cefoxitin 7 (77.78%), Gentamicin 6 (66.67%) and Nitrofurantoin 5 (55.56%). On the other hand, S. aureus was highly resistant to Cefuroxime 153 (100%), Ceftazidime 150 (98.04%), Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 120 (78.43%) and Cloxacillin 111 (72.55%), S. epidermidis was highly resistant to Ceftazidime 20 (95.24%), Cloxacillin 19 (90.48%) then Cefoxitin, Erythromycin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with 15 (71.43%) both. S. saprophyticus was highly resistant to Cefepime 9 (100%), Cloxacillin 8 (88.89%), Ceftazidime 7 (77.78%), Imipenem and Erythromycin with 6 (66.67%) respectively. There is a statistical difference in the sensitivity of the isolates against the antibiotics used at p<0.05. It is concluded that Staphylococcus species develop resistance to some classes of antibiotics.

Design, Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of Newly Substituted Fluoroquinazolinones

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-675
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Zayed ◽  
Sabrin R.M. Ibrahim ◽  
EL-Sayed E. Habib ◽  
Memy H. Hassan ◽  
Sahar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Strong Binding ◽  
Agar Disc

Background: Quinazolines and quinazolinones derivatives are well known for their important range of therapeutic activities. Objective: The study aims to carry out the synthesis of some derivatives of substituted fluoroquinazolinones based on structure-based design and evaluation of their antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-biofilm activities. Methods: Compounds were chemically synthesized by conventional methods. Structures were established on the basis of spectral and elemental analyses. The antimicrobial potential was tested against various microorganisms using the agar disc-diffusion method. MIC and MBC as well as anti-biofilm activity for the highly active compounds were assessed. Moreover, the computational studies were performed using Auto dock free software package (version 4.0) to explain the predicted mode of binding. Results: All derivatives (5-8), (10a-g), and (A-H) were biologically tested and showed significant antimicrobial activity comparable to the reference compounds. Compounds 10b, 10c, and 10d had a good MIC and MBC against Gram-positive bacteria, whereas 10b and 10d showed significant MIC and MBC against Gram-negative bacteria. However, compounds E and F exhibited good MIC and MBC against fungi. Compound 10c and 8 exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity towards S. aureus and M. luteus. Molecular docking study revealed a strong binding of these derivatives with their receptor-site and detected their predicted mode of binding. Conclusion: The synthesized derivatives showed promising antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities. Modeling study explained their binding mode and showed strong binding affinity with their receptor-site. The highly active compounds 5 and 10c could be subjected to future optimization and investigation to be effective antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Antibiotics or Antifungals against Microorganisms That Cause Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: A Planktonic and Biofilm Approach to Overcome Resistances

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Vanesa Pérez-Laguna ◽  
Isabel García-Luque ◽  
Sofía Ballesta ◽  
Antonio Rezusta ◽  
Yolanda Gilaberte
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

The present review covers combination approaches of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) plus antibiotics or antifungals to attack bacteria and fungi in vitro (both planktonic and biofilm forms) focused on those microorganisms that cause infections in skin and soft tissues. The combination can prevent failure in the fight against these microorganisms: antimicrobial drugs can increase the susceptibility of microorganisms to aPDT and prevent the possibility of regrowth of those that were not inactivated during the irradiation; meanwhile, aPDT is effective regardless of the resistance pattern of the strain and their use does not contribute to the selection of antimicrobial resistance. Additive or synergistic antimicrobial effects in vitro are evaluated and the best combinations are presented. The use of combined treatment of aPDT with antimicrobials could help overcome the difficulty of fighting high level of resistance microorganisms and, as it is a multi-target approach, it could make the selection of resistant microorganisms more difficult.

scholarly journals Variability and improvement of optical and antimicrobial performances for CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites via in situ synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
Youliang Cheng ◽  
Mingjie Wang ◽  
Changqing Fang ◽  
Ying Wei ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Fluorescent Materials ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Mesoporous Sio2

Abstract To change the optical properties and improve the antibacterial performances of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and Ag NPs, mesoporous SiO2 spheres were combined with them to form the composites. In this paper, CQDs with a uniform size of about 3.74 nm were synthesized using glucose as carbon source. Then, CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites were obtained in situ under UV light irradiating by using mesoporous SiO2 and Ag NO3 as the carrier and silver resource, respectively. The diameter of CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs particles was in the range of 200–250 nm. With the increase in irradiating time, the red-shift in the UV-Vis spectrum for as-prepared CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites was found, and the adsorption peak was widened. In addition, the composites showed a high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli via disc diffusion method. These results indicated that inhibition circles for Ag NPs/mesoporous SiO2/CQDs and mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs were similar in diameter. Furthermore, the two composites had a better bactericidal performance compared with other particles. Therefore, as-prepared CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites in this paper have great potential applications for fluorescent materials and antibacterial materials.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Commercial Disinfectants against Staphylococcus lentus and Micrococcus spp. of Poultry Origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Otun Saha ◽  
Nadira Naznin Rakhi ◽  
Arif Istiaq ◽  
Israt Islam ◽  
Munawar Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. Effective sanitation strategies for poultry farms require an appropriate selection of the disinfectant based on the contaminants present and their sensitivity to the disinfectants. Aim. The current study investigated the prevalence of streptococci/micrococci in poultry farms of Bangladesh and the efficacy of commercial disinfectants (Savlon, Lysol, Quatovet, Virkon S, and Virocid) along with alcohol against these pathogens to adopt appropriate strategies. Materials and Methods. Conventional approaches and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed to confirm the isolates at the species level along with microtiter biofilm assay to determine their biofilm-forming ability. Efficacy of the disinfectants was tested against those isolates using agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test by broth dilution method using different dilutions of the disinfectants. Results. Staphylococcus lentus (n = 32), Micrococcus luteus (n = 7), and Micrococcus aloeverae (n = 4) were confirmed among 102 presumptively screened streptococci/micrococci isolates from 43 samples. No single disinfectant showed equally high efficacy against all three bacterial species in agar well diffusion test, although Virocid showed the lowest MIC against all three of them. Lysol was least effective among the commercial disinfectants by both MIC and diffusion method, although each commercial disinfectant was more effective than alcohol. Considering both the average diameter of the inhibition zones and the MIC values, efficacy can be interpreted as Virocid > Quatovet > Savlon > Virkon S > Lysol. Although the efficacy decreased with decreasing concentration, the disinfectants retained a satisfactory level of efficacy at 50% concentration. Among test pathogens, M. aloeverae was the most sensitive to the disinfectants and the weakest biofilm producers, whereas 4/14 S. lentus and 1/5 M. luteus were strong biofilm producers, which may cause more reduction in the efficacy in environmental conditions. Conclusion. As no ideal disinfectant was found in the study, the efficacy of the disinfectants should be routinely evaluated and validated to ensure the sanitation standards in the poultry sector.

Digitale Assistenzsysteme in der Produktion*/Innovative assistance systems in production

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (03) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
L. Merkel ◽  
J, Starz ◽  
C. Schultz ◽  
S. Braunreuther ◽  
G. Prof. Reinhart
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Individual Worker ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
Worker Support ◽  
Selection Of

Digitale Assistenzsysteme in der Produktion helfen, zunehmend komplex werdende Arbeitsaufgaben zu beherrschen. Dafür entstehen im Zuge der Digitalisierung der Produktion forschungsseitig zahlreiche neue Möglichkeiten individueller Werkerunterstützung. Das hier vorgestellte entwickelte Modell gestattet eine detaillierte Beschreibung der Fähigkeiten und Technologien von Komponenten eines Assistenzsystems. Durch einen Abgleich von spezifischen Anforderungen eines Anwendungsfalls mit den Fähigkeiten des Assistenzsystems soll die Auswahl eines geeigneten Assistenzsystems ermöglicht werden. &nbsp; Digital assistance systems help to master tasks with growing complexity in production. Currently, a lot of research aims at developing new technologies for individual worker support. This paper presents a model for a detailed description of capabilities and technologies used for components in assistance systems. By matching a given task’s requirements with the capabilities of an assistance system, the selection of the best fitting assistance system can be achieved.

Big Data in Cultural Tourism – Building Sustainability and Enhancing Competitiveness

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
End Users ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Selection Of

The use of big data is becoming increasingly important across the tourism sector and the value chain. With this publication, UNWTO intends to provide a baseline research on using big data by tourism and culture stakeholders, in order to improve the competitiveness of cultural tourism and reinforce its sustainability. The study sets the basis to connect tourism, culture and new technologies for mutual benefits, while calling for a reflection on the ethical implications for policymakers, businesses and end-users. The selection of case studies illustrates the most frequent case-scenarios of the use of big data in cultural tourism within destinations, compiled during the research. As the new technologies are facing ever-evolving scenarios, their use will be harnessed by the tourism sector in its endeavour to innovate and provide new cultural experiences.

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