Prospective of Natural Gum Nanoparticulate Against Cardiovascular Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Aakash Deep ◽  
Neeraj Rani ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Rimmy Nandal ◽  
Prabodh C. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cellular Components

Background: Objective: Various natural gums can be synergistically used in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to treat cardiovascular diseases. Nanotechnology has been integrated into healthcare in terms of theranostics. In this review, we consider various natural gums that can be used for the preparation of nanoparticles and their role to treat cardiovascular disease. Methods: Nanoparticles can carry drugs at nanoscales and deliver them to the targeted sites with the desired pattern of drug release. They have specialized uptake mechanisms (e.g. - absorptive endocytosis) which improve the bioavailability of drugs. Results: By considering cardiovascular diseases at the molecular level, it is possible to modify the materials with nanotechnology and apply nano-formulations efficiently as compared with conventional preparations, due to the fact that the extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises components at the nanoscale range. The interactions of ECM components with cellular components occur at the nanoscale, therefore the nanomaterials have the potential to maintain the nanoscale properties of cells. The synthetic materials used to develop the nanoparticulate drug delivery system may cause toxicity. Conclusion: This problem can be overcome by using natural polymers. Natural gums can be used in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems as reducing and stabilizing agents and in some cases; they may directly or indirectly influence the rate of drug release and absorption from the preparation.

scholarly journals APPLICABILITY OF NANOPARTICLES-HYDROGEL COMPOSITE IN TREATING PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND BEYOND

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafiu Aminu ◽  
Seok Ming Toh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Hydrogel Composite ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Nanoparticles-Hydrogel Composite (nanogels) have yielded a surge in the design and development of novel drug delivery systems for the treatment of many ailments, including periodontal disease. The recent innovations in nanotechnological drug carrier systems seem promising, as it provides a means to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, formulations of controlled and targeted drug delivery systems, drug release control base on the stimuli response, among others. Several polymeric nanoparticles-hydrogel co-formulations have been investigated during the last few years, mostly using synthetic & natural polymers. Some of the results and rewards achieved from these novel approaches are the use of bioadhesive polymers to achieve prolong drug release, the increment of intra-pocket drug penetration, the enhancement of mechanical properties using chemical crosslinkers and the possibility of loading multiple drugs in a unit delivery system.  Furthermore, these nanotechnological advances have also shown that nanoparticles (NPs) possess great potential as drug carriers in periodontal disease treatment. The future utilization of these advantages will significantly improve dental care. The co-formulation of nanoparticles-hydrogel composite will yield additional benefits that are much greater than ordinary NPs or hydrogels in delivering of drug into the periodontal pockets. The aim of this review article is to summarises updates on the current and future nanotechnological approaches that are being investigated for the treatment of periodontitis, with particular attention to the nanogels, and to identify arenas which its exploration might lead to the development of an effective intra-pocket drug delivery systems for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The review also provided brief applications of nanogels in the management of other diseases.Keywords: Nanocomposite, Hydrogels, Nanoparticles, Nanogels, Periodontal intra-pocket drug delivery system, Nanotechnological approaches.

Formulation, Development and Characterization of Floating Beads of Diltiazem Hydrochloride

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Saxena Saxena ◽  
Santosh Kitawat ◽  
Kalpesh Gaur ◽  
Virendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Formulation Development

The main goal of any drug delivery system is to achieve desired concentration of the drug in blood or tissue, which is therapeutically effective and nontoxic for a prolonged period. Various attempts have been made to develop gastroretentive delivery systems such as high density system, swelling, floating system. The recent developments of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. Gastric emptying is a complex process and makes in vivo performance of the drug delivery systems uncertain. In order to avoid this variability, efforts have been made to increase the retention time of the drug-delivery systems for more than 12 hours. The floating or hydrodynamically controlled drug delivery systems are useful in such application. Background of the research: Diltiazem HCL (DTZ), has short biological half life of 3-4 h, requires rather high frequency of administration. Due to repeated administration there may be chances of patient incompliance and toxicity problems. Objective: The objective of study was to develop sustained release alginate beads of DTZ for reduction in dosing frequency, high bioavailability and better patient compliance. Methodology: Five formulations prepared by using different drug to polymer ratios, were evaluated for relevant parameters and compared. Alginate beads were prepared by ionotropic external gelation technique using CaCl2 as cross linking agent. Prepared beads were evaluated for % yield, entrapment efficiency, swelling index in 0.1N HCL, drug release study and SEM analysis. In order to improve %EE and drug release, LMP and sunflower oil were used as copolymers along with sodium alginate.

Improving the Efficacy of Anticancer Drugs via Encapsulation and Acoustic Release

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 857-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma E. Ahmed ◽  
Nahid Awad ◽  
Vinod Paul ◽  
Hesham G. Moussa ◽  
Ghaleb A. Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Medical Researchers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Enhanced Stability

Conventional chemotherapeutics lack the specificity and controllability, thus may poison healthy cells while attempting to kill cancerous ones. Newly developed nano-drug delivery systems have shown promise in delivering anti-tumor agents with enhanced stability, durability and overall performance; especially when used along with targeting and triggering techniques. This work traces back the history of chemotherapy, addressing the main challenges that have encouraged the medical researchers to seek a sanctuary in nanotechnological-based drug delivery systems that are grafted with appropriate targeting techniques and drug release mechanisms. A special focus will be directed to acoustically triggered liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin.

Nanostructured Ketorolac-Tromethamine/MCF: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Drug Release System

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana M. Juarez ◽  
Jorgelina Cussa ◽  
Marcos B. Gomez Costa ◽  
Oscar A. Anunziata
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Ketorolac Tromethamine

Background: Controlled drug delivery systems can maintain the concentration of drugs in the exact sites of the body within the optimum range and below the toxicity threshold, improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity. Mesostructured Cellular Foam (MCF) material is a new promising host for drug delivery systems due to high biocompatibility, in vivo biodegradability and low toxicity. Methods: Ketorolac-Tromethamine/MCF composite was synthesized. The material synthesis and loading of ketorolac-tromethamine into MCF pores were successful as shown by XRD, FTIR, TGA, TEM and textural analyses. Results: We obtained promising results for controlled drug release using the novel MCF material. The application of these materials in KETO release is innovative, achieving an initial high release rate and then maintaining a constant rate at high times. This allows keeping drug concentration within the range of therapeutic efficacy, being highly applicable for the treatment of diseases that need a rapid response. The release of KETO/MCF was compared with other containers of KETO (KETO/SBA-15) and commercial tablets. Conclusion: The best model to fit experimental data was Ritger-Peppas equation. Other models used in this work could not properly explain the controlled drug release of this material. The predominant release of KETO from MCF was non-Fickian diffusion.

scholarly journals Transcutaneous Drug Delivery Systems Based on Collagen/Polyurethane Composites Reinforced with Cellulose

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1845
Author(s):  
Narcis Anghel ◽  
Valentina Maria Dinu ◽  
Liliana Verestiuc ◽  
Irene Alexandra Spiridon
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Metal Complex ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Transcutaneous Drug Delivery

Designing composites based on natural polymers has attracted attention for more than a decade due to the possibility to manufacture medical devices which are biocompatible with the human body. Herein, we present some biomaterials made up of collagen, polyurethane, and cellulose doped with lignin and lignin-metal complex, which served as transcutaneous drug delivery systems. Compared with base material, the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of biocomposites comprising lignin or lignin-metal complex were significantly enhanced; thus, the compressive strength increased from 61.37 to 186.5 kPa, while the elastic modulus increased from 0.828 to 1.928 MPa. The release of ketokonazole from the polymer matrix follows a Korsmeyer–Peppas type kinetics with a Fickian diffusion. All materials tested were shown to be active against pathogenic microorganisms. The mucoadhesiveness, bioadhesiveness, mechanical resistance, release kinetic, and antimicrobial activity make these biocomposites to be candidates as potential systems for controlled drug release.

scholarly journals Towards feedback-controlled nanomedicines for smart, adaptive delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 244 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Jones ◽  
Annette F. Taylor ◽  
Paul A Beales
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Chemical Systems

Nanomedicines for controlled drug release provide temporal and spatial regulation of drug bioavailability in the body. The timing of drug release is usually engineered either for slow gradual release over an extended period of time or for rapid release triggered by a specific change in its physicochemical environment. However, between these two extremes, there is the desirable possibility of adaptive nanomedicines that dynamically modulate drug release in tune with its changing environment. Adaptation and response through communication with its environment is a fundamental trait of living systems; therefore, the design of biomimetic nanomedicines through the approaches of bottom-up synthetic biology provides a viable route to this goal. This could enable drug delivery systems to optimize release in synchronicity with the body’s natural biological rhythms and the personalized physiological characteristics of the patient, e.g. their metabolic rate. Living systems achieve this responsiveness through feedback-controlled biochemical processes that regulate their functional outputs. Towards this goal of adaptive drug delivery systems, we review the general benefits of nanomedicine formulations, provide existing examples of experimental nanomedicines that encapsulate the metabolic function of enzymes, and give relevant examples of feedback-controlled chemical systems. These are the underpinning concepts that hold promise to be combined to form novel adaptive release systems. Furthermore, we motivate the advantages of adaptive release through chronobiological examples. By providing a brief review of these topics and an assessment of the state of the art, we aim to provide a useful resource to accelerate developments in this field. Impact statement The timing and rate of release of pharmaceuticals from advanced drug delivery systems is an important property that has received considerable attention in the scientific literature. Broadly, these mostly fall into two classes: controlled release with a prolonged release rate or triggered release where the drug is rapidly released in response to an environmental stimulus. This review aims to highlight the potential for developing adaptive release systems that more subtlety modulate the drug release profile through continuous communication with its environment facilitated through feedback control. By reviewing the key elements of this approach in one place (fundamental principles of nanomedicine, enzymatic nanoreactors for medical therapies and feedback-controlled chemical systems) and providing additional motivating case studies in the context of chronobiology, we hope to inspire innovative development of novel “chrononanomedicines.”

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on Drug Delivery Systems Based on Their Mechanism of Drug Release and Their Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Prakash ◽  
Amit Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Route Of Delivery

Oral drug delivery is the most commonly used and preferred route of delivery of pharmaceuticals which has been successfully treating wide number of diseases. The advantages of this method of delivery are patient friendly, cost effective, established delivery system, noninvasiveness and convenient, and In the pharmaceutical field it is the most favored drug delivery system. Oral drug delivery systems along with other effective delivery system types that are effective and promising are discussed in this paper based on the mechanism of drug release.

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