scholarly journals VNIIZHT Scientifc Journal celebrates 80th anniversary! Part I. The war years

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 366-373
Author(s):  
A. B. Kosarev ◽  
O. N. Rimskaya ◽  
I. V. Anokhov ◽  
I. V. Sirotenko
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Editorial Staff ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Railway Industry ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Communication Lines

Development of the railway industry depends on the work of many engineers and scientists who master the advanced technical and technological frontiers. The results of their work require experimental verification by specialists, technicians and engineers in the field. At the same time, in a systematic setting of the case, the conduct of experiments should be preceded by discussion and scientific discussion. A scientific and technical journal is intended to serve as an absentee format for such a discussion.In 2022, our magazine will celebrate its 80th anniversary. It was created by the order of the Political Administration of the People's Commissariat of Railways of the USSR in 1942, in the midst of the Great Patriotic War. The state entrusted our journal with a very important mission — concentration and dissemination of experience in the restoration of damaged communication lines and development of new technologies for military freight and passenger railway transportation. This extreme practical orientation and an urgent need for empirical knowledge was reflected in the choice of the original name of the journal — “Railways engineering”.Since the creation of the journal, the editorial staff have striven to fulfll the mission entrusted to it and to maintain a high level of domestic railway science. Several stages can be distinguished in the eighty-year history of the VNIIZHT scientifc journal.This article presents an analysis of the frst stage — the stage of the war years.

“Ukrayinskyi Prapor” (1923—1932s): the Berlin period of the newspaper of the President of the Ukrainian National Council

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-33
Author(s):  
Nadiia Kulesha
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Editorial Staff ◽  
National Council ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
Editorial Content ◽  
Paper Record ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mainstream Press

The centenary of the Ukrainian Revolution (1917―1921s) made relevant the interest to the developments and the personalities of that time, specifically, to the personality of the President of the ZUNR, Petrushevych, Yevhen. The newspaper «Ukrayinskyi Prapor» founded in 1919 in Vienna, throughout its existence, was considered as an official print organ of the Dictator (i.e., Y. Petrushevych). The Vienna period of this publication lasted from August 1919 to mid-November 1923. From the end of November 1923 till April 1932, the paper was published in the capital of the Weimar Republic, Berlin. It was the only newspaper of the Ukrainian emigration published for the longest time in interwar Germany. It was an example of a socio-political periodical. There collaborated outstanding editors and publicists. The pages of this paper record the history of the diplomatic struggle of the West Ukrainian foreign representatives for the liberation of the Eastern Galicia from the protectorate of Poland and the restoration of Ukrainian statehood. Its materials documented the course of the occupation of the Eastern Galicia by Poland and the process of «Polonization» of the Ukrainian population of that region. The article explores the Berlin period of existence of the magazine. Specifically, it studies the changes in the ideological line of the magazine, more specifically, its pro-Soviet editorial orientation because of the illusions about the transformation of the national policy of the Soviet rule in Ukraine, especially during the period of Ukrainization. Then the traditional headings of the magazine were joined by the publications with positive coverage of the flourishing Ukrainianization in Soviet Ukraine. The newspaper also actively reacted to the SVU (Union for Liberation of Ukraine) trial in Kharkiv, justifying the position of the Soviet authorities. The paper’s editorial staff were well-known figures of Ukrainian politics, science, and culture: Yu. Bachynsky, O. Hrytsai, A. Zhuk, M. Lozynsky, R. Perfetsky, and others. They provided a high level of editorial content with high-quality, multifaceted texts. We conclude that in terms of the editorial content and formal aspects, the newspaper «Ukrayinskyi Prapor» matched the standards of the European mainstream press of that time.

History of Health Technology Assessment in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Arab-Zozani ◽  
Mobin Sokhanvar ◽  
Edris Kakemam ◽  
Tahereh Didehban ◽  
Soheil Hassanipour
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systematic Structure ◽  
High Level

This article describes the characteristics of the health system and reviews the history of health technology assessment (HTA) in Iran, including its inception, processes, challenges, and lessons learned. This study was conducted by analyzing existing documents, reports, and guidelines related to HTA and published articles in the field. HTA in Iran has been established since the late 2000s and was first introduced as a secretariat by the Deputy of Health at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The mission of the HTA office is to systematically assess technologies to improve evidence-informed decision making. Despite its 10 years of existence, HTA in Iran still faces some challenges. The most pressing problems currently facing HTA in Iran include conflicts of interest among researchers performing the HTAs, the absence of a systematic structure for identifying and introducing new technologies, the lack of interest in HTA results among high-level policy makers, and the lack of external oversight for HTA projects.

scholarly journals Harvest, railway transportation and banking services to the agriculture in the Central Black Earth Region of the Russian Empire in the late 19 th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Sofya A. Salomatina ◽  
Vladislav Y. Ivakin
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
High Level ◽  
Agricultural Regions

This paper studies the influence of the service sector (joint-stock commercial banks and railways) on the economic development of agricultural regions within the Russian empire in the second half of the 19th century, using the case of the Central Black Earth region. The study compares yield data for major crops, railroad transportation of grain and flour, and the banking services to agriculture producers and traders. Statistical analysis of this data disproves the prevailing historical economic viewpoint which claims that agricultural exports were not accompanied by bank support, because it did not take into account a rather high level of infrastructure around the Riga–Oryol railway trunk, which was formed back in the 1870s. The exports in this region consisted of the prior year’s harvest, which indicated a rather developed system of crop storage and accompanying banking services. The study reveals a dramatic growth in the services sector throughout the Central Black Earth region during the 1890s. In previous decades, this system could not be extended to the entire region due to a long history of unfavorable conditions in the agricultural and banking sectors. Thus, banking services in Russia at the end of the 19th century were provided to not just industrial and stock markets customers. In those regions dominated by agriculture, services infrastructure had been oriented towards this sector.

Railway Education Today and Steps Toward Global Education

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ma ◽  
Pasi T. Lautala
Keyword(s):  
Global Education ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Railway Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
National Boundaries

Both passenger and freight railway transportation has changed dramatically during the past decades in most parts of the world. Many new technologies have emerged or have been increasingly applied in rail industry to improve the competitiveness of the mode. At the same time, globalization and changes in the political landscape have contributed to the growing pressure to expand the use of rail transportation across national boundaries. All the development is accelerating the need for international cooperation in railway design, construction and operation and the educational framework should shift accordingly to consider rail transportation beyond national boundaries. In addition to discussing the changes with global dimensions that are taking place in the railway industry, this paper reviews the history and current status of university level railway education in the world, including examples from the USA, Russia, China and selected countries in the European Union (EU). The paper also reviews some of the current methods and approaches used by the other industries and engineering fields to improve the global reach and cooperation in education. Based on these proven concepts, the paper provides some recommendations and suggestions for the railway industry how it can start taking its first steps toward a more global railway education.

scholarly journals The Libraries’ contributing to the Victory in the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
E. A. Pleshkevich
Keyword(s):  
Information Support ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Library Support ◽  
Learning Guide ◽  
Further Development

Review of the book: Mazuritsky A. M. Libraries in the years of Great Patriotic War: A learning guide. – Orel, 2020. – 139 p.The reviewed textbook introduces to the history of Russian librarianship during the Great Patriotic War. The structure of the manual is overviewed. The didactic analysis demonstrates the presentation logic which facilitates learning and is of great ethical educative value. In terms of scientific discussion, recommendations are given for further development of this subject scope to cover the following issues: 1) library support facilities for high morale and combative mood of the Red Army (the front-line and navy libraries); 2) library support of healing and bibliotherapy (hospital libraries); 3) library and information support of promising research and development projects (scientific and technical libraries of plants and factories); 4) libraries in the system of cultural, educational, moral and psychological support for the residents of blockaded Leningrad; 5) library support of high morale of the population and its faith in the victory over the enemy. The significance and relevance of the learning guide is emphasized. The reviewer recommends to prepare a textbook on the history of library construction during the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals A Look at the History of the Great Patriotic War through the Prism of Microhistory

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Alfiya G. Gallyamova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

In the year of the 80th anniversary of the Great Patriotic War beginning, the experience of modern reading of one of the bloodiest events in the history of the country is of current interest. From the author’s point of view, at present there is a tendency towards pathos patriotism and romanticization of the feat in the use of military issues for educational purposes. This, like any deviation, can lead to dangerous consequences, in this particular case, to militarization of consciousness. The article uses the example of one of the largest villages in the Almetyevsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan to demostrate a wide range of different aspects of the history of the war, which show not only the greatness of the victory and the heroes who won it. Considerable attention is given to the coverage of war as the most severe inhumane form of manifesting social relations that require people to make excessive efforts to survive and preserve human dignity. The article includes recollections of the villagers about the first day of the war, about the front-line everyday life, severe hardships, and tragic details of the military battles in which the Novonadyrovtsy participated. The article depicts domestic disorder, extreme stress, psychological overload, constant physical fatigue on the verge of human capabilities. It also tells about remarkable encounters in the war and close front-line friendship. The paper also highlights the extreme conditions in which peasants survived in the rear, women's labor to the point of exhaustion, the unity of people in the harsh realities of the war years, and at the same time ambiguous manifestation of patriotism. The uneasy fates of the soldiers who were in German captivity are also depicted.

A Confrontation between Two Doctrines: The Birth of Struggle for Hegemony in Hebrew Children's Literature during the 1930s and 1940s

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAEL DARR
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Literary Quality

This article describes a crucial and fundamental stage in the transformation of Hebrew children's literature, during the late 1930s and 1940s, from a single channel of expression to a multi-layered polyphony of models and voices. It claims that for the first time in the history of Hebrew children's literature there took place a doctrinal confrontation between two groups of taste-makers. The article outlines the pedagogical and ideological designs of traditionalist Zionist educators, and suggests how these were challenged by a group of prominent writers of adult poetry, members of the Modernist movement. These writers, it is argued, advocated autonomous literary creation, and insisted on a high level of literary quality. Their intervention not only dramatically changed the repertoire of Hebrew children's literature, but also the rules of literary discourse. The article suggests that, through the Modernists’ polemical efforts, Hebrew children's literature was able to free itself from its position as an apparatus controlled by the political-educational system and to become a dynamic and multi-layered field.

Historian of the Russian State Library. In Memory of L.M. Koval (1933—2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Margarita Y. Dvorkina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Library History ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
October 17 ◽  
State Library ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the memory of Lyudmila Mikhailovna Koval (October 17, 1933 – February 15, 2020), historian, Head of the History sector of the Russian State Library (RSL) and the Museum of Library history. The author presents brief biographical information about L.M. Koval, the author of more than 350 scientific and popular scientific works in Russian and in 9 foreign languages. She published 29 books in Publishing houses “Nauka”, “Kniga”, “Letniy Sad”, ”Pashkov Dom”, most of the works are dedicated to the Library. Special place in the work of L.M. Koval is given to the Great Patriotic War theme. The article considers the works devoted to the activities of Library staff during the War period. L.M. Koval paid much attention to the study of activities of the Library’s Directors. She prepared books and articles about the Directors of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums and Library from the end of the 19th century and almost to the end of the 20th century: N.V. Isakov, D.S. Levshin, V.A. Dashkov, M.A. Venevitinov, I.V. Tsvetaev, V.D. Golitsyn, A.K. Vinogradov, V.I. Nevsky, N.M. Sikorsky. The author notes contribution of L.M. Koval to the study of the Library’s history. Specialists in the history of librarianship widely use bibliography of L.M. Koval in their research. The list of sources contains the main works of L.M. Koval, and the Appendix includes reviews of publications by L.M. Koval and the works about her.

Collected Documents on the History of the Pskov Orthodox Mission: A Recent Publication

2018 ◽  
pp. 306-312
Author(s):  
Veniamin F. Zima ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underground Resistance ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Church ◽  
Insight Into

The reviewed work is devoted to a significant, and yet little-studied in both national and foreign scholarship, issue of the clergy interactions with German occupational authorities on the territory of the USSR in the days of the Great Patriotic War. It introduces into scientific use historically significant complex of documents (1941-1945) from the archive of the Office of the Metropolitan Sergius (Voskresensky) of Vilnius and Lithuania, patriarchal exarch in Latvia and Estonia, and also records from the investigatory records on charges against clergy and employees concerned in the activities of the Pskov Orthodox Mission (1944-1990). Documents included in the publication are stored in the archives of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Estonia, Lithuania, Leningrad, Novgorod, and Pskov regions. They allow some insight into nature, forms, and methods of the Nazi occupational regime policies in the conquered territories (including policies towards the Church). The documents capture religious policies of the Nazis and inner life of the exarchate, describe actual situation of population and clergy, management activities and counterinsurgency on the occupied territories. The documents bring to light connections between the exarchate and German counterintelligence and reveal the nature of political police work with informants. They capture the political mood of population and prisoners of war. There is information on participants of partisan movement and underground resistance, on communication net between the patriarchal exarchate in the Baltic states and the German counterintelligence. Reports and dispatches of the clergy in the pay of the Nazis addressed to the Metropolitan Sergius (Voskresensky) contain detailed activity reports. Investigatory records contain important biographical information and personal data on the collaborators. Most of the documents, being classified, have never been published before.

RUSSIAN-BELARUSIAN TUTORIAL "HISTORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR. ESSAYS ON THE SHARED HISTORY"

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
Second World

The paper provides a review on the joint Russian-Belarusian tutorial “History of the Great Patriotic War. Essays on the Shared History” published for the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The tutorial was prepared within the project “Belarus and Russia. Essays on the Shared History”, implemented since 2018 and aimed at publishing a series of tutorials, which authors are major Russian and Belarusian historians, archivists, teachers, and other specialists in human sciences. From the author’s point of view, the joint work of specialists from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in such a format not only contributes to the deepening of humanitarian integration within the Union state, but also to the formation of a common educational system on the scale of the Commonwealth of Independent States or the Eurasian integration project (Eurasian Economic Union – EEU). The author emphasises the high research and educational significance of the publication reviewed when noting that the teaching of history in general and the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War in particular in post-Soviet schools and institutes of higher education is complicated by many different issues and challenges (including external ones, which can be regarded as information aggression by various extra-regional actors).

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